Pygame代码 制作一个贪吃蛇小游戏

用到的 pygame 函数

贪吃蛇小游戏用到的函数

功能	描述
init()	初始化 pygame
display.set_mode()	以元组或列表为参数创建窗口
update()	更新屏幕
quit()	用于取消初始化的 pygame
set_caption()	在屏幕的顶部设置文字
event.get()	返回所有事件的列表
surface.fill()	使用纯色填充屏幕
time.clock()	追踪时间
font.font()	设置字体

创建屏幕

我们使用函数 display.set_mode()  来创建 pygame 窗口，同时我们还要在程序的开始和结尾处进行 init()  和 quit()  函数，以保证程序可以正确开始和结束。

import pygame
pygame.init()
dis=pygame.display.set_mode((400,300))
pygame.display.update()
pygame.quit()
quit()

这要我们运行程序，就可以得到如下：

但是这要的代码，我们的程序创建只会一闪而过，下面我们增加一些代码，来保持住程序窗口

import pygame
pygame.init()
dis=pygame.display.set_mode((400,300))
pygame.display.update()
pygame.display.set_caption('snake game by edureka')
game_over=false
while not game_over:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        print(event)   # 打印出所有事件

pygame.quit()
quit()

我们增加了游戏窗口的名称，同时还可以在 python 控制台中看到我们在 pygame 窗口上操作时的所有事件

下面我们来增加关闭响应事件

pygame.init()
dis = pygame.display.set_mode((400, 300))
pygame.display.update()
pygame.display.set_caption('贪吃蛇')
game_over = false
while not game_over:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type==pygame.quit:
            game_over=true

pygame.quit()
quit()

至此我们的游戏窗口就设置好了，下面就可以来画 snake 了

创建 snake

我们首先创建一些颜色变量，用来表示 snake，food，screen 等

pygame.init()
dis = pygame.display.set_mode((400, 300))
pygame.display.update()
pygame.display.set_caption('贪吃蛇')

blue=(0,0,255)
red=(255,0,0)

game_over = false
while not game_over:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type==pygame.quit:
            game_over=true

    pygame.draw.rect(dis, blue, [200, 150, 10, 10])
    pygame.display.update()

pygame.quit()
quit()

这样，一只（条）贪吃蛇就创建完成了，就是那个小蓝点儿

使 snake 动起来

为了实现 snake 的移动，我们需要用到的关键事件是 keydown，它包含四个 key 值，k_up, k_down, k_left, 和 k_right，分别表示向上、向下、向左和向右

pygame.init()
pygame.display.set_caption('贪吃蛇')
white = (255, 255, 255)
black = (0, 0, 0)
red = (255, 0, 0)

dis = pygame.display.set_mode((800, 600))

game_over = false

x1 = 300
y1 = 300

x1_change = 0
y1_change = 0

clock = pygame.time.clock()

while not game_over:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.quit:
            game_over = true
        if event.type == pygame.keydown:
            if event.key == pygame.k_left:
                x1_change = -10
                y1_change = 0
            elif event.key == pygame.k_right:
                x1_change = 10
                y1_change = 0
            elif event.key == pygame.k_up:
                y1_change = -10
                x1_change = 0
            elif event.key == pygame.k_down:
                y1_change = 10
                x1_change = 0

    x1 += x1_change
    y1 += y1_change
    dis.fill(white)
    pygame.draw.rect(dis, black, [x1, y1, 10, 10])

    pygame.display.update()

    clock.tick(30)

pygame.quit()
quit()

我这里创建了 x1_change 和 y1_change 变量来更新 x 和 y 坐标，使得我们的 snake 可以移动起来

处理 game over

对于贪吃蛇游戏来说，如果 snake 移动出了游戏屏幕，那么游戏就已经失败了，下面我们就来处理这部分逻辑

import pygame
import time

pygame.init()
pygame.display.set_caption('贪吃蛇')
white = (255, 255, 255)
black = (0, 0, 0)
red = (255, 0, 0)

dis_width = 600
dis_height = 400
dis = pygame.display.set_mode((dis_width, dis_width))

game_over = false

x1 = dis_width / 2
y1 = dis_height / 2

snake_block = 10

x1_change = 0
y1_change = 0

clock = pygame.time.clock()
snake_speed = 30

font_style = pygame.font.font("c:/windows/fonts/stfangso.ttf", 20)


def message(msg, color):
    mesg = font_style.render(msg, true, color)
    dis.blit(mesg, [dis_width / 2, dis_height / 2])


while not game_over:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.quit:
            game_over = true
        if event.type == pygame.keydown:
            if event.key == pygame.k_left:
                x1_change = -snake_block
                y1_change = 0
            elif event.key == pygame.k_right:
                x1_change = snake_block
                y1_change = 0
            elif event.key == pygame.k_up:
                y1_change = -snake_block
                x1_change = 0
            elif event.key == pygame.k_down:
                y1_change = snake_block
                x1_change = 0

    if x1 >= dis_width or x1 < 0 or y1 >= dis_height or y1 < 0:
        game_over = true

    x1 += x1_change
    y1 += y1_change
    dis.fill(white)
    pygame.draw.rect(dis, black, [x1, y1, snake_block, snake_block])

    pygame.display.update()

    clock.tick(snake_speed)

message("你失败了，请重新开始游戏！", red)
pygame.display.update()
time.sleep(2)

pygame.quit()
quit()

增加食物

既然是贪吃蛇，当然要投食了，下面我们就来处理食物

import pygame
import time
import random

pygame.init()
pygame.display.set_caption('贪吃蛇')

white = (255, 255, 255)
black = (0, 0, 0)
red = (255, 0, 0)
blue = (0, 0, 255)

dis_width = 800
dis_height = 600

dis = pygame.display.set_mode((dis_width, dis_height))

clock = pygame.time.clock()

snake_block = 10
snake_speed = 30

font_style = pygame.font.font("c:/windows/fonts/stfangso.ttf", 20)


def message(msg, color):
    mesg = font_style.render(msg, true, color)
    dis.blit(mesg, [dis_width / 3, dis_height / 3])


def gameloop():  # creating a function
    game_over = false
    game_close = false

    x1 = dis_width / 2
    y1 = dis_height / 2

    x1_change = 0
    y1_change = 0

    foodx = round(random.randrange(0, dis_width - snake_block) / 10.0) * 10.0
    foody = round(random.randrange(0, dis_width - snake_block) / 10.0) * 10.0

    while not game_over:

        while game_close == true:
            dis.fill(white)
            message("你失败了，请重新开始游戏！", red)
            pygame.display.update()

            for event in pygame.event.get():
                if event.type == pygame.keydown:
                    if event.key == pygame.k_q:
                        game_over = true
                        game_close = false
                    if event.key == pygame.k_c:
                        gameloop()

        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.quit:
                game_over = true
            if event.type == pygame.keydown:
                if event.key == pygame.k_left:
                    x1_change = -snake_block
                    y1_change = 0
                elif event.key == pygame.k_right:
                    x1_change = snake_block
                    y1_change = 0
                elif event.key == pygame.k_up:
                    y1_change = -snake_block
                    x1_change = 0
                elif event.key == pygame.k_down:
                    y1_change = snake_block
                    x1_change = 0

        if x1 >= dis_width or x1 < 0 or y1 >= dis_height or y1 < 0:
            game_close = true

        x1 += x1_change
        y1 += y1_change
        dis.fill(white)
        pygame.draw.rect(dis, blue, [foodx, foody, snake_block, snake_block])
        pygame.draw.rect(dis, black, [x1, y1, snake_block, snake_block])
        pygame.display.update()

        if x1 == foodx and y1 == foody:
            print("good!")
        clock.tick(snake_speed)

    pygame.quit()
    quit()

gameloop()

我这里创建了一个函数 gameloop 作为我们的主函数，同时还初始化了 snake 的食物，还同时增加了键盘 c 和 q 关键字，来重新开始游戏和退出游戏

snake 的成长

下面我们就开始在 snake 吃掉食物之后，增加 snake 的长度，这也是游戏的基本规则

import pygame
import time
import random

pygame.init()
pygame.display.set_caption('贪吃蛇')
font_style = pygame.font.font("c:/windows/fonts/stfangso.ttf", 20)
score_font = pygame.font.font("c:/windows/fonts/stcaiyun.ttf", 30)

white = (255, 255, 255)
yellow = (255, 255, 102)
black = (0, 0, 0)
red = (213, 50, 80)
green = (0, 255, 0)
blue = (50, 153, 213)

dis_width = 600
dis_height = 400

dis = pygame.display.set_mode((dis_width, dis_height))

clock = pygame.time.clock()

snake_block = 10
snake_speed = 15


def our_snake(snake_block, snake_list):
    for x in snake_list:
        pygame.draw.rect(dis, black, [x[0], x[1], snake_block, snake_block])


def message(msg, color):
    mesg = font_style.render(msg, true, color)
    dis.blit(mesg, [dis_width / 6, dis_height / 3])


def gameloop():
    game_over = false
    game_close = false

    x1 = dis_width / 2
    y1 = dis_height / 2

    x1_change = 0
    y1_change = 0

    snake_list = []
    length_of_snake = 1

    foodx = round(random.randrange(0, dis_width - snake_block) / 10.0) * 10.0
    foody = round(random.randrange(0, dis_height - snake_block) / 10.0) * 10.0

    while not game_over:

        while game_close == true:
            dis.fill(blue)
            message("你失败了，请重新开始游戏！", red)

            pygame.display.update()

            for event in pygame.event.get():
                if event.type == pygame.keydown:
                    if event.key == pygame.k_q:
                        game_over = true
                        game_close = false
                    if event.key == pygame.k_c:
                        gameloop()

        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.quit:
                game_over = true
            if event.type == pygame.keydown:
                if event.key == pygame.k_left:
                    x1_change = -snake_block
                    y1_change = 0
                elif event.key == pygame.k_right:
                    x1_change = snake_block
                    y1_change = 0
                elif event.key == pygame.k_up:
                    y1_change = -snake_block
                    x1_change = 0
                elif event.key == pygame.k_down:
                    y1_change = snake_block
                    x1_change = 0

        if x1 >= dis_width or x1 < 0 or y1 >= dis_height or y1 < 0:
            game_close = true
        x1 += x1_change
        y1 += y1_change
        dis.fill(blue)
        pygame.draw.rect(dis, green, [foodx, foody, snake_block, snake_block])
        snake_head = []
        snake_head.append(x1)
        snake_head.append(y1)
        snake_list.append(snake_head)
        if len(snake_list) > length_of_snake:
            del snake_list[0]

        for x in snake_list[:-1]:
            if x == snake_head:
                game_close = true

        our_snake(snake_block, snake_list)

        pygame.display.update()

        if x1 == foodx and y1 == foody:
            foodx = round(random.randrange(0, dis_width - snake_block) / 10.0) * 10.0
            foody = round(random.randrange(0, dis_height - snake_block) / 10.0) * 10.0
            length_of_snake += 1

        clock.tick(snake_speed)

    pygame.quit()
    quit()
    gameloop()

展示得分

最后我们来显示得分，毕竟对于游戏来说，玩家的得分还是很重要的

import pygame
import time
import random

pygame.init()
pygame.display.set_caption('贪吃蛇')
font_style = pygame.font.font("c:/windows/fonts/stfangso.ttf", 20)
score_font = pygame.font.font("c:/windows/fonts/stcaiyun.ttf", 30)

white = (255, 255, 255)
yellow = (255, 255, 102)
black = (0, 0, 0)
red = (213, 50, 80)
green = (0, 255, 0)
blue = (50, 153, 213)

dis_width = 600
dis_height = 400

dis = pygame.display.set_mode((dis_width, dis_height))

clock = pygame.time.clock()

snake_block = 10
snake_speed = 15


def your_score(score):
    value = score_font.render("your score: " + str(score), true, yellow)
    dis.blit(value, [0, 0])


def our_snake(snake_block, snake_list):
    for x in snake_list:
        pygame.draw.rect(dis, black, [x[0], x[1], snake_block, snake_block])


def message(msg, color):
    mesg = font_style.render(msg, true, color)
    dis.blit(mesg, [dis_width / 6, dis_height / 3])


def gameloop():
    game_over = false
    game_close = false

    x1 = dis_width / 2
    y1 = dis_height / 2

    x1_change = 0
    y1_change = 0

    snake_list = []
    length_of_snake = 1

    foodx = round(random.randrange(0, dis_width - snake_block) / 10.0) * 10.0
    foody = round(random.randrange(0, dis_height - snake_block) / 10.0) * 10.0

    while not game_over:

        while game_close == true:
            dis.fill(blue)
            message("你失败了，请重新开始游戏！", red)
            your_score(length_of_snake - 1)
            pygame.display.update()

            for event in pygame.event.get():
                if event.type == pygame.keydown:
                    if event.key == pygame.k_q:
                        game_over = true
                        game_close = false
                    if event.key == pygame.k_c:
                        gameloop()

        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.quit:
                game_over = true
            if event.type == pygame.keydown:
                if event.key == pygame.k_left:
                    x1_change = -snake_block
                    y1_change = 0
                elif event.key == pygame.k_right:
                    x1_change = snake_block
                    y1_change = 0
                elif event.key == pygame.k_up:
                    y1_change = -snake_block
                    x1_change = 0
                elif event.key == pygame.k_down:
                    y1_change = snake_block
                    x1_change = 0

        if x1 >= dis_width or x1 < 0 or y1 >= dis_height or y1 < 0:
            game_close = true
        x1 += x1_change
        y1 += y1_change
        dis.fill(blue)
        pygame.draw.rect(dis, green, [foodx, foody, snake_block, snake_block])
        snake_head = []
        snake_head.append(x1)
        snake_head.append(y1)
        snake_list.append(snake_head)
        if len(snake_list) > length_of_snake:
            del snake_list[0]

        for x in snake_list[:-1]:
            if x == snake_head:
                game_close = true

        our_snake(snake_block, snake_list)
        your_score(length_of_snake - 1)

        pygame.display.update()

        if x1 == foodx and y1 == foody:
            foodx = round(random.randrange(0, dis_width - snake_block) / 10.0) * 10.0
            foody = round(random.randrange(0, dis_height - snake_block) / 10.0) * 10.0
            length_of_snake += 1

        clock.tick(snake_speed)

    pygame.quit()
    quit()


gameloop()

这里创建了一个 your_score 函数来记录玩家得分

这样，我们就完成了一个简易的贪吃蛇小游戏了

最后的最后，我们再给游戏添加音乐背景，让游戏的时光更加惬意吧

# 播放音乐
pygame.init()
pygame.mixer.music.load(r"game.mp3")
pygame.mixer.music.play()

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