Java 发送http请求(get、post)的示例
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2022-06-22 09:27:32
1.情景展示 java发送get请求、post请求(form表单、json数据)至另一服务器; 可设置http请求头部信息,可以接收服务器返回cookie信息,可以上传文件等;2.代码实现所需ja...
1.情景展示
java发送get请求、post请求(form表单、json数据)至另一服务器;
可设置http请求头部信息,可以接收服务器返回cookie信息,可以上传文件等;
2.代码实现
所需jar包:httpcore-4.4.1.jar;httpclient-4.4.1.jar;httpmime-4.4.1.jar;epoint-utils-9.3.3.jar
import java.io.file; import java.io.ioexception; import java.io.inputstream; import java.nio.charset.charset; import java.security.generalsecurityexception; import java.security.cert.certificateexception; import java.security.cert.x509certificate; import java.util.arraylist; import java.util.hashmap; import java.util.list; import java.util.map; import javax.net.ssl.hostnameverifier; import javax.net.ssl.sslcontext; import javax.net.ssl.sslsession; import org.apache.http.header; import org.apache.http.httpentity; import org.apache.http.httpresponse; import org.apache.http.namevaluepair; import org.apache.http.client.config.requestconfig; import org.apache.http.client.entity.urlencodedformentity; import org.apache.http.client.methods.closeablehttpresponse; import org.apache.http.client.methods.httpdelete; import org.apache.http.client.methods.httpentityenclosingrequestbase; import org.apache.http.client.methods.httpget; import org.apache.http.client.methods.httppatch; import org.apache.http.client.methods.httppost; import org.apache.http.client.methods.httprequestbase; import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.sslconnectionsocketfactory; import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.truststrategy; import org.apache.http.entity.contenttype; import org.apache.http.entity.stringentity; import org.apache.http.entity.mime.multipartentitybuilder; import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.stringbody; import org.apache.http.impl.client.closeablehttpclient; import org.apache.http.impl.client.httpclients; import org.apache.http.impl.conn.poolinghttpclientconnectionmanager; import org.apache.http.message.basicnamevaluepair; import org.apache.http.ssl.sslcontextbuilder; import org.apache.http.util.entityutils; import com.epoint.core.utils.string.stringutil; /** * httpclient工具类,使用http-client包实现,原先的common-httpclient已经淘汰 * * @作者 ko * @version [版本号, 2017年10月18日] */ public class httputil { private static poolinghttpclientconnectionmanager connmgr; private static requestconfig requestconfig; private static final int max_timeout = 7000; /** * 直接以流返回 */ public static final int rtn_type_1 = 1; /** * 直接以string返回 */ public static final int rtn_type_2 = 2; /** * 以map返回,reslut:接口结果string;statuscode:http状态码 */ public static final int rtn_type_3 = 3; /** * 以map返回,reslut:接口结果string;statuscode:http状态码;cookie:response的cookie * cookie值键值对,格式 key1=value1;key2=value2;... */ public static final int rtn_type_4 = 4; /** * 默认上传文件的文件流或file 的key name */ private static final string default_binarybody_keyname = "file"; static { // 设置连接池 connmgr = new poolinghttpclientconnectionmanager(); // 设置连接池大小 connmgr.setmaxtotal(100); connmgr.setdefaultmaxperroute(connmgr.getmaxtotal()); // 在提交请求之前 测试连接是否可用 connmgr.setvalidateafterinactivity(1); requestconfig.builder configbuilder = requestconfig.custom(); // 设置连接超时 configbuilder.setconnecttimeout(max_timeout); // 设置读取超时 configbuilder.setsockettimeout(max_timeout); // 设置从连接池获取连接实例的超时 configbuilder.setconnectionrequesttimeout(max_timeout); requestconfig = configbuilder.build(); } /** * 发送 get请求 * * @param apiurl * api接口url * @return string 响应内容 */ public static string doget(string apiurl) { return dohttp(apiurl, null, "get", rtn_type_2); } /** * 发送post请求 * * @param apiurl * api接口url * @param params * k-v参数 * @return string 响应内容 */ public static string dopost(string apiurl, map<string, object> params) { return dohttp(apiurl, params, "post", rtn_type_2); } /** * 发送post请求 * * @param apiurl * api接口url * @param json * json参数 * @return string 响应内容 */ public static string dopostjson(string apiurl, string json) { return dohttp(apiurl, json, "post", rtn_type_2); } /** * 发送 http 请求 * * @param apiurl * api接口url * @param params * {map<string, object> k-v形式、json字符串} * @param method * {null、或者post:post请求、patch:patch请求、delete:delete请求、get:get请求} * @param type * {httputil.rtn_type_1:请求返回stream(此时流需要在外部手动关闭);httputil. * rtn_type_2:string;httputil.rtn_type_3:返回一个map,map包含结果( * 结果是string形式)以及http状态码;httputil.rtn_type_4:返回一个map,map包含结果( * 结果是string形式), http状态码和cookie;其他情况返回string} * 如果结果是个map,key为:result,statuscode,cookie,分别返回 结果 * string,http状态码,cookie; cookie值键值对,格式 * key1=value1;key2=value2;... * @return stream或 string 或 map */ public static <t> t dohttp(string apiurl, object params, string method, int type) { return dohttp(apiurl, null, params, method, type); } /** * 发送 http 请求 * * @param apiurl * api接口url * @param headermap * header信息map<string, string>,可设置cookie * @param params * {map<string, object> k-v形式、json字符串} * @param method * {null、或者post:post请求、patch:patch请求、delete:delete请求、get:get请求} * @param type * {httputil.rtn_type_1:请求返回stream(此时流需要在外部手动关闭);httputil. * rtn_type_2:string;httputil.rtn_type_3:返回一个map,map包含结果( * 结果是string形式)以及http状态码;httputil.rtn_type_4:返回一个map,map包含结果( * 结果是string形式), http状态码和cookie;其他情况返回string} * 如果结果是个map,key为:result,statuscode,cookie,分别返回 结果 * string,http状态码,cookie; cookie值键值对,格式 * key1=value1;key2=value2;... * @return stream或 string 或 map */ public static <t> t dohttp(string apiurl, map<string, string> headermap, object params, string method, int type) { closeablehttpclient httpclient = null; if (isssl(apiurl)) { httpclient = httpclients.custom().setsslsocketfactory(createsslconnsocketfactory()) .setconnectionmanager(connmgr).setdefaultrequestconfig(requestconfig).build(); } else { httpclient = httpclients.createdefault(); } return dohttp(httpclient, apiurl, headermap, params, method, type); } /** * 发送 http 请求 * * @param httpclient * httpclient对象 由外部传入,用户 需要保持登录状态等情况 此时如果要ssl,那么要在外部加入ssl特性 * httpclient = * httpclients.custom().setsslsocketfactory(httputil. * createsslconnsocketfactory()) * .setconnectionmanager(httputil.getconnmgr()). * setdefaultrequestconfig(httputil..getrequestconfig()).build(); * @param apiurl * api接口url * @param headermap * header信息map<string, string>,可设置cookie * * @param params * {map<string, object> k-v形式、json字符串} * @param method * {null、或者post:post请求、patch:patch请求、delete:delete请求、get:get请求} * @param type * {httputil.rtn_type_1:请求返回stream(此时流需要在外部手动关闭);httputil. * rtn_type_2:string;httputil.rtn_type_3:返回一个map,map包含结果( * 结果是string形式)以及http状态码;httputil.rtn_type_4:返回一个map,map包含结果( * 结果是string形式), http状态码和cookie;其他情况返回string} * 如果结果是个map,key为:result,statuscode,cookie,分别返回 结果 * string,http状态码,cookie; cookie值键值对,格式 * key1=value1;key2=value2;... * @return stream或 string 或 map */ @suppresswarnings("unchecked") public static <t> t dohttp(closeablehttpclient httpclient, string apiurl, map<string, string> headermap, object params, string method, int type) { httprequestbase httppost = null; if (stringutil.isnotblank(method)) { if ("patch".equalsignorecase(method)) { httppost = new httppatch(apiurl); } else if ("delete".equalsignorecase(method)) { httppost = new httpdelete(apiurl); } else if ("get".equalsignorecase(method)) { httppost = new httpget(apiurl); } else if ("post".equalsignorecase(method)) { httppost = new httppost(apiurl); } } else { httppost = new httppost(apiurl); } closeablehttpresponse response = null; try { // 设置header信息 if (headermap != null && !headermap.isempty()) { for (map.entry<string, string> entry : headermap.entryset()) { httppost.addheader(entry.getkey(), entry.getvalue()); } } if (isssl(apiurl)) { httppost.setconfig(requestconfig); } // 参数不为null、要处理参数 if (params != null) { // get请求拼接在url后面 if (httppost instanceof httpget) { stringbuffer param = new stringbuffer(); if (params instanceof map) { map<string, object> paramsconvert = (map<string, object>) params; int i = 0; for (string key : paramsconvert.keyset()) { if (i == 0) param.append("?"); else param.append("&"); param.append(key).append("=").append(paramsconvert.get(key)); i++; } } else { param.append("?" + params.tostring()); } apiurl += param; } // delete请求暂不处理 else if (!(httppost instanceof httpdelete)) { // k-v形式 if (params instanceof map) { map<string, object> paramsconvert = (map<string, object>) params; list<namevaluepair> pairlist = new arraylist<>(paramsconvert.size()); for (map.entry<string, object> entry : paramsconvert.entryset()) { namevaluepair pair = new basicnamevaluepair(entry.getkey(), entry.getvalue() == null ? "" : entry.getvalue().tostring()); pairlist.add(pair); } ((httpentityenclosingrequestbase) httppost) .setentity(new urlencodedformentity(pairlist, charset.forname("utf-8"))); } // json格式 else { stringentity stringentity = new stringentity(params.tostring(), "utf-8"); stringentity.setcontentencoding("utf-8"); stringentity.setcontenttype("application/json"); ((httpentityenclosingrequestbase) httppost).setentity(stringentity); } } } response = httpclient.execute(httppost); // int statuscode = response.getstatusline().getstatuscode(); // if (statuscode != httpstatus.sc_ok) { // return null; // } httpentity entity = response.getentity(); if (entity != null) { if (type == rtn_type_1) { return (t) entity.getcontent(); } else if (rtn_type_2 == type) { return (t) entityutils.tostring(entity, "utf-8"); } else if (rtn_type_3 == type || rtn_type_4 == type) { map<string, string> rtnmap = new hashmap<string, string>(); rtnmap.put("result", entityutils.tostring(entity, "utf-8")); rtnmap.put("statuscode", response.getstatusline().getstatuscode() + ""); if (rtn_type_4 == type) { rtnmap.put("cookie", getcookie(response)); } return (t) rtnmap; } else { return (t) entityutils.tostring(entity, "utf-8"); } } } catch (exception e) { e.printstacktrace(); } finally { if (response != null && type != rtn_type_1) { try { entityutils.consume(response.getentity()); } catch (ioexception e) { e.printstacktrace(); } } } return null; } /** * 上传附件(post形式) * * @param url * 请求地址 * @param headermap * header参数map map<string, string> * @param parammap * 额外的参数map,map<string, string> * @param file * 可以选择本地文件上传;如果传了file,又传了filename,那么文件名以filename为准,否则 是file的文件名 * @param filename * 以流传输时,必须指定文件名 * @param ssl * 是否需要ssl * @return result,返回上传结果,如果接口没有返回值,则为状态码 */ public static string upload(string url, map<string, string> headermap, map<string, string> parammap, file file, string filename, boolean ssl) { return upload(url, headermap, parammap, file, null, filename, ssl); } /** * 上传附件(post形式) * * @param url * 请求地址 * @param headermap * header参数map map<string, string> * @param parammap * 额外的参数map,map<string, string> * @param in * 文件流 * @param filename * 以流传输时,必须指定文件名 * @param ssl * 是否需要ssl * @return result,返回上传结果,如果接口没有返回值,则为状态码 */ public static string upload(string url, map<string, string> headermap, map<string, string> parammap, inputstream in, string filename, boolean ssl) { return upload(url, headermap, parammap, null, in, filename, ssl); } /** * 上传附件(post形式) * * @param httpclient * 外部传入httpclient * @param url * 请求地址 * @param headermap * header参数map map<string, string> * @param parammap * 额外的参数map,map<string, string> * @param file * 可以选择本地文件上传;如果传了file,又传了filename,那么文件名以filename为准,否则 是file的文件名 * @param filename * 以流传输时,必须指定文件名 * @param ssl * 是否需要ssl * @return result,返回上传结果,如果接口没有返回值,则为状态码 */ public static string upload(closeablehttpclient httpclient, string url, map<string, string> headermap, map<string, string> parammap, file file, string filename, boolean ssl) { return upload(httpclient, url, headermap, parammap, file, null, filename, ssl); } /** * 上传附件(post形式) * * @param httpclient * 外部传入httpclient * @param url * 请求地址 * @param headermap * header参数map map<string, string> * @param parammap * 额外的参数map,map<string, string> * @param in * 文件流 * @param filename * 以流传输时,必须指定文件名 * @param ssl * 是否需要ssl * @return result,返回上传结果,如果接口没有返回值,则为状态码 */ public static string upload(closeablehttpclient httpclient, string url, map<string, string> headermap, map<string, string> parammap, inputstream in, string filename, boolean ssl) { return upload(httpclient, url, headermap, parammap, null, in, filename, ssl); } /** * 上传附件(post形式) * * @param url * 请求地址 * @param headermap * header参数map map<string, string> * @param parammap * 额外的参数map,map<string, string> * @param file * 可以选择本地文件上传,file,in互斥;如果传了file,又传了filename,那么文件名以filename为准,否则 * 是file的文件名 * @param in * 文件流 * @param filename * 以流传输时,必须指定文件名 * @param ssl * 是否需要ssl * @return result,返回上传结果,如果接口没有返回值,则为状态码 */ private static string upload(string url, map<string, string> headermap, map<string, string> parammap, file file, inputstream in, string filename, boolean ssl) { closeablehttpclient httpclient = null; if (ssl) { httpclient = httpclients.custom().setsslsocketfactory(createsslconnsocketfactory()) .setconnectionmanager(connmgr).setdefaultrequestconfig(requestconfig).build(); } else { httpclient = httpclients.createdefault(); } return upload(httpclient, url, headermap, parammap, file, in, filename, ssl); } /** * 上传附件(post形式) * * @param httpclient * 外部传入httpclient * @param url * 请求地址 * @param headermap * header参数map map<string, string> * @param parammap * 额外的参数map,map<string, string> * @param file * 可以选择本地文件上传,file,in互斥;如果传了file,又传了filename,那么文件名以filename为准,否则 * 是file的文件名 * @param in * 文件流 * @param filename * 以流传输时,必须指定文件名 * @param ssl * 是否需要ssl * @return result,返回上传结果,如果接口没有返回值,则为状态码 */ private static string upload(closeablehttpclient httpclient, string url, map<string, string> headermap, map<string, string> parammap, file file, inputstream in, string filename, boolean ssl) { string result = ""; closeablehttpresponse response = null; try { httppost httppost = new httppost(url); // 设置header信息 if (headermap != null && !headermap.isempty()) { for (map.entry<string, string> entry : headermap.entryset()) { httppost.addheader(entry.getkey(), entry.getvalue()); } } if (ssl) { httppost.setconfig(requestconfig); } multipartentitybuilder builder = multipartentitybuilder.create(); // 选择以file形式上传 if (file != null && file.exists()) { if (stringutil.isnotblank(filename)) { builder.addbinarybody(default_binarybody_keyname, file, contenttype.default_binary, filename); } else { builder.addbinarybody(default_binarybody_keyname, file); } } // 以流上传 else if (in != null && stringutil.isnotblank(filename)) { builder.addbinarybody(default_binarybody_keyname, in, contenttype.default_binary, filename); } if (parammap != null && !parammap.isempty()) { for (map.entry<string, string> entry : parammap.entryset()) { builder.addpart(entry.getkey(), new stringbody(entry.getvalue(), contenttype.text_plain)); } } httpentity reqentity = builder.build(); httppost.setentity(reqentity); response = httpclient.execute(httppost); httpentity entity = response.getentity(); if (entity != null) { result = entityutils.tostring(entity, "utf-8"); } else { result = response.getstatusline().getstatuscode() + ""; } } catch (exception e) { e.printstacktrace(); } finally { if (response != null) { try { entityutils.consume(response.getentity()); } catch (ioexception e) { e.printstacktrace(); } } } return result; } private static string getcookie(httpresponse httpresponse) { map<string, string> cookiemap = new hashmap<string, string>(64); header headers[] = httpresponse.getheaders("set-cookie"); if (headers == null || headers.length == 0) { return null; } string cookie = ""; for (int i = 0; i < headers.length; i++) { cookie += headers[i].getvalue(); if (i != headers.length - 1) { cookie += ";"; } } string cookies[] = cookie.split(";"); for (string c : cookies) { c = c.trim(); if (cookiemap.containskey(c.split("=")[0])) { cookiemap.remove(c.split("=")[0]); } cookiemap.put(c.split("=")[0], c.split("=").length == 1 ? "" : (c.split("=").length == 2 ? c.split("=")[1] : c.split("=", 2)[1])); } string cookiestmp = ""; for (string key : cookiemap.keyset()) { cookiestmp += key + "=" + cookiemap.get(key) + ";"; } return cookiestmp.substring(0, cookiestmp.length() - 2); } /** * 创建ssl安全连接 * * @return */ public static sslconnectionsocketfactory createsslconnsocketfactory() { sslconnectionsocketfactory sslsf = null; try { sslcontext sslcontext = new sslcontextbuilder().loadtrustmaterial(null, new truststrategy() { public boolean istrusted(x509certificate[] chain, string authtype) throws certificateexception { return true; } }).build(); sslsf = new sslconnectionsocketfactory(sslcontext, new hostnameverifier() { @override public boolean verify(string arg0, sslsession arg1) { return true; } }); } catch (generalsecurityexception e) { e.printstacktrace(); } return sslsf; } public static poolinghttpclientconnectionmanager getconnmgr() { return connmgr; } public static requestconfig getrequestconfig() { return requestconfig; } private static boolean isssl(string apiurl) { if (apiurl.indexof("https") != -1 ) { return true; } else { return false; } } }
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