编写脚本实现DHCP服务与DHCP中继自动化执行

编写脚本实现dhcp服务与dhcp中继自动化执行

 

本脚本是在liunx搭建dhcp服务器以及dhcp中继服务器实验环境下实现的

源码如下:

#!/bin/bash
#该脚本用于自动化配置dhcp服务器以及dhcp中继
#作者:雨中落叶
#博客:https://www.cnblogs.com/yuzly/
echo "****************************
1.部署dhcp服务器
2.部署网关
3.部署dhcp中继
****************************"
read -p "请输入部署选项:" num
case $num in
1)
  #dhcp服务器配置
  #关闭防火墙避免影响实验
  service iptables stop &>/dev/null
  setenforce 0
  #1.获取用户输入的dhcp服务器的相关网络参数
  read -p "请输入dhcp服务器的ip地址:" ip
  read -p "请输入dhcp服务器的子网掩码:" mask
  read -p "请输入dhcp服务器的网关地址:" gw
  read -p "请输入dhcp服务器的首选dns地址:" dns1
  read -p "请输入dhcp服务器的辅助dns地址:" dns2
  #2.设置dhcp服务器的网卡ip地址
  eth=$(ifconfig | grep "^eth" | awk '{print $1}')
  mac=$(ifconfig | grep "^eth" | awk '{print $5}')
  echo "device=$eth
    hwaddr=$mac
    type=ethernet  
    onboot=yes
    bootproto=static 
    ipaddr=$ip
    netmask=$mask
    gateway=$gw
    dns1=$dns1
    dns2=$dns2" >/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-$eth
  #重启网络服务
  #service networkmanager stop 
  #为了防止下次启动时，该服务重新启动，解决方法： chkconfig networkmanager off再重启网卡，就可以了,启动网络服务报错然后用ifdown eth1 ifdown eth1报错,只能关闭networkmanager服务来解决
  service networkmanager stop
  service network restart
  #3.检测是否安装dhcp服务,配置dhcp服务
  #定义函数 
  dhpool(){
    #配置dhcp地址池1
    echo "******配置dhcp地址池1**********"
    read -p "请输入dhcp作用域网段:" dhnet
    read -p "请输入dhcp作用域网段的子网掩码:" dhmask
    read -p  "请输入地址池开始ip地址:" dhip1
    read -p "请输入地址池结束ip地址:" dhip2
    read -p "请输入dns:" dhdns
    read -p "请输入网关地址:" dhgw
    read -p "请输入广播地址:" dhb
    #把dhcp配置模板中部分需要的内容复制到dhcp的配置文件中
    conf=/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf 
    grep -v "#" /usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.1.1/dhcpd.conf.sample | grep -v "^$" | sed -n '17,25p' >$conf
    #修改dhcp配置文件
    sub=$(grep subnet $conf |awk '{print $2}')
    submask=$(grep subnet $conf |awk '{print $4}')
    range1=$(grep range $conf | awk '{print $2}')
    range2=$(grep range $conf | awk '{print $3}' | awk -f";"  '{print $1}')
    dns=$(grep domain-name-servers $conf |awk '{print $3}'|awk -f";" '{print $1}')
    gw=$(grep routers $conf | awk '{print $3}' | awk -f";" '{print $1}') 
    broadcast=$(grep broadcast-address $conf | awk '{print $3}'|awk -f";" '{print $1}') 
    #sed -i 是替换字符串
    sed -i "s/$sub/$dhnet/g" $conf
    sed -i "s/$submask/$dhmask/g" $conf
    sed -i "s/$range1/$dhip1/g" $conf
    sed -i "s/$range2/$dhip2/g" $conf
    sed -i "s/$dns/$dhdns/g" $conf
    sed -i "s/$gw/$dhgw/g" $conf
    sed -i "s/$broadcast/$dhb/g" $conf
    #配置dncp地址池2
    echo "******配置dhcp地址池2*********"
    read -p "请输入dhcp作用域网段:" dhnet
    read -p "请输入dhcp作用域网段的子网掩码:" dhmask
    read -p  "请输入地址池开始ip地址:" dhip1
    read -p "请输入地址池结束ip地址:" dhip2
    read -p "请输入dns:" dhdns
    read -p "请输入网关地址:" dhgw
    read -p "请输入广播地址:" dhb
    #把dhcp配置模板中部分需要的内容复制到dhcp的配置文件中
    conf=/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf 
    grep -v "#" /usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.1.1/dhcpd.conf.sample | grep -v "^$" | sed -n '17,25p' >>$conf
    #修改dhcp配置文件
    sub1=$(grep subnet $conf |awk '{print $2}' | sed -n 2p)
    submask1=$(grep subnet $conf |awk '{print $4}'| sed -n 2p)
    range11=$(grep range $conf | awk '{print $2}'| sed -n 2p)
    range22=$(grep range $conf | awk '{print $3}'| sed -n 2p | awk -f";"  '{print $1}')
    dns1=$(grep domain-name-servers $conf |awk '{print $3}'|awk -f";" '{print $1}'|sed -n 2p)
    gw1=$(grep routers $conf | awk '{print $3}' | awk -f";" '{print $1}'| sed -n 2p) 
    broadcast1=$(grep broadcast-address $conf | awk '{print $3}'|awk -f";" '{print $1}'|sed -n 2p) 
    #sed -i 是替换字符串
    sed -i "10,18s/$sub1/$dhnet/g" $conf
    sed -i "10,18s/$submask1/$dhmask/g" $conf
    sed -i "10,18s/$range11/$dhip1/g" $conf
    sed -i "10,18s/$range22/$dhip2/g" $conf
    sed -i "10,18s/$dns1/$dhdns/g" $conf
    sed -i "10,18s/$gw1/$dhgw/g" $conf
    sed -i "10,18s/$broadcast1/$dhb/g" $conf
    echo "********************************************"
    read -p  "是否给指定主机分配指定ip(y/n):" zhiding
    #注意=两边各有一个空格，这是unix shell的要求
    if [ $zhiding = "y" ]
    then
      read -p  "请输入要指定的主机的mac地址：" zmac
      read -p  "请输入要给主机指定分配的ip(ip必须在地址池内):" zip
      echo "host joe {
                    hardware ethernet $zmac;
                    fixed-address $zip;
                  }" >>$conf
    fi
    #启动dhcp服务
    service dhcpd start
    }
  n=$(rpm -qa | grep dhcp |wc -l)
  if [ $n -eq 2 ]
  then
    #调用函数  
    dhpool
  else
    #挂载光盘，开始安装dhcp服务 
    echo "当前电脑没有安装dhcp服务,开始安装....."
    mount /dev/sr0 /mnt &>/dev/null
    rpm -ivh /mnt/packages/dhcp-4.1.1-38.p1.el6.x86_64.rpm &>/dev/null
    echo "dhcp服务安装完成!" 
    #调用函数
    dhpool
  fi  
;;
2)
  #网关服务器配置
  service iptables stop &>/dev/null
  setenforce 0 
  #1.获取用户输入的网关服务器的相关网络参数
  eth1=$(ifconfig | grep "^eth" |awk '{print $1}'|sed -n 1p)
  eth2=$(ifconfig | grep "^eth" |awk '{print $1}'|sed -n 2p)
  gwmac1=$(ifconfig |grep "^eth" |sed -n 1p |awk '{print $5}')
  gwmac2=$(ifconfig |grep "^eth" |sed -n 2p |awk '{print $5}')
  
  read -p "请输入网关服务器的$eth1接口ip地址:" gwip1
  read -p "请输入网关服务器的$eth1接口ip地址的子网掩码:" gwmask1
  read -p "请输入网关服务器的$eth1接口首选dns地址:" gwdns1
  read -p "请输入网关服务器的$eth1接口辅助dns地址:" gwdns2
  
  read -p "请输入网关服务器的$eth2接口ip地址:" gwip2
  read -p "请输入网关服务器的$eth2接口ip地址的子网掩码:" gwmask2
  read -p "请输入网关服务器的$eth2接口首选dns地址:"  gwdns11
  read -p "请输入网关服务器的$eth2接口辅助dns地址:" gwdns22
  #设置网关服务器的ip地址
  echo "device=$eth1
  hwaddr=$gwmac1
  type=ethernet  
  onboot=yes
  bootproto=static 
  ipaddr=$gwip1
  netmask=$gwmask1
  dns1=$gwdns1
  dns2=$gwdns2" >/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-$eth1 
  
  echo "device=$eth2
  hwaddr=$gwmac2
  type=ethernet  
  onboot=yes
  bootproto=static 
  ipaddr=$gwip2
  netmask=$gwmask2
  dns1=$gwdns11
  dns2=$gwdns22" >/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-$eth2
  #重启网络服务
  service networkmanager stop
  service network restart
  #开启路由转发功能,在内核中配置,然后sysctl -p使内核配置生效
  sed -i "s/net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0/net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1/g" /etc/sysctl.conf
  sysctl -p &>/dev/null
;;
3)
  #dhcp中继服务器配置
  service iptables stop >/dev/null
  setenforce 0
  #1.获取用户输入的dhcp中继服务器的相关网络参数  
   dhreth=$(ifconfig | grep "^eth" | awk '{print $1}')
   dhrmac=$(ifconfig | grep "^eth" | awk '{print $5}')
  read -p "请输入dhcp中继服务器的ip地址:" dhrip
  read -p "请输入dhcp中继服务器的子网掩码:" dhrmask
  read -p "请输入dhcp中继服务器的网关地址:" dhrgw
  read -p "请输入dhcp中继服务器的首选dns地址:" dhrdns1
  read -p "请输入dhcp中继服务器的辅助dns地址:" dhrdns2
  #设置dhcp中继服务器的ip地址
  echo "device=$dhreth
    hwaddr=$dhrmac
    type=ethernet  
    onboot=yes
    bootproto=static 
    ipaddr=$dhrip
    netmask=$dhrmask
    gateway=$dhrgw
    dns1=$dhrdns1
    dns2=$dhrdns2" >/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-$dhreth
  #重启网络服务
  service networkmanager stop
  service network restart
  #dhcp中继配置
  n1=$(rpm -qa | grep dhcp |wc -l)
  if [ $n1 -eq 2 ]
  then
  read -p "请输入要中继的dhcp服务器的ip地址:" dhcrelayip
  sed -i "s/interfaces=\"\"/interfaces=\"$dhreth\"/g" /etc/sysconfig/dhcrelay
  sed -i "s/dhcpservers=\"\"/dhcpservers=\"$dhcrelayip\"/g" /etc/sysconfig/dhcrelay 
  else
    echo "当前电脑没有安装dhcp服务,安装中......" 
    mount /dev/sr0 /mnt &>/dev/null
    rpm -ivh /mnt/packages/dhcp-4.1.1-38.p1.el6.x86_64.rpm &>/dev/null 
    echo "dhcp服务安装完成!"
    read -p "请输入要中继的dhcp服务器的ip地址:" dhcrelayip
    sed -i "s/interfaces=\"\"/interfaces=\"$dhreth\"/g" /etc/sysconfig/dhcrelay
    sed -i "s/dhcpservers=\"\"/dhcpservers=\"$dhcrelayip\"/g" /etc/sysconfig/dhcrelay 
  fi  
  #启动dhcp中继服务
  service dhcrelay start
;;
*)
 echo "输入错误,请输入相应的数字!"
;;
esac

1.在dhcp server端执行脚本

　

2.测试dhcp server是否搭建成功，当然也可以看dhcp配置文件看看脚本有没有写进去,注意这里设置了指定分配ip给特定主机，下图可以看到没有从起始ip开始分配，而是分配到了特定的ip

3.　在网关服务器上布置网关配置   #记得开启路由转发功能

4.查看是否配置成功　

5.　在dhcp中继服务器上配置　

6.测试dhcp中继是否配置成功

 

注意：

本次实验为例避免不必要的因素干扰实验，需要关闭防火墙,service iptables stop    关闭linux系统安全措施 setenforce 0

本次实验可能会出现的问题，redhat系统可能会出现重启网络服务(service network start)，重启失败，提示“激活连接失败”，通过ifdown、ifup或者ifconfig ethx down ifconfig ethx up 还是报错,提示激活连接失败，这时可能是因为network服务与networkmanager服务可能存在冲突,关闭networkmanager服务即可(service networkmanager stop)

 

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liunx搭建dhcp服务器以及dhcp中继服务器：