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Spring源码剖析2:Spring IOC容器的加载过程

程序员文章站 2022-06-20 23:06:14
spring ioc 容器的加载流程 1.目标: 熟练使用spring,并分析其源码,了解其中的思想。这篇主要介绍spring ioc 容器的加载 2.前提条件: 会使用debug 3.源码分析方法: Intellj idea debug 模式下源码追溯 通过ClassPathXmlApplicat ......

spring ioc 容器的加载流程

1.目标:熟练使用spring,并分析其源码,了解其中的思想。这篇主要介绍spring ioc 容器的加载

2.前提条件:会使用debug

3.源码分析方法:intellj idea debug 模式下源码追溯
通过classpathxmlapplicationcontext 进行xml 件的读取,从每个堆栈中读取程序的运行信息

4.注意:由于spring的类继承体系比较复杂,不能全部贴图,所以只将分析源码之后发现的最主要的类继承结构类图贴在下方。

5.关于spring ioc
demo:
我们从demo入手一步步进行代码追溯。

spring ioc demo


1.定义数据访问接口iuserdao.java

public interface iuserdao {  
    public void insertuser(string username,string password);
}

2.定义iuserdao.java实现类iuserdaoimpl.java

public class userdaoimpl implements iuserdao {    
    @override    
    public void insertuser(string username, string password) { 
        system.out.println("----userdaoimpl --adduser----");    
    }
}

3.定义业务逻辑接口userservice.java

public interface userservice {    
    public void adduser(string username,string password);
}

4.定义userservice.java实现类userserviceimpl.java

public class userserviceimpl implements userservice {    
    private     iuserdao  userdao;    //set方法  
    public void  setuserdao(iuserdao  userdao) {        
        this.userdao = userdao;   
    }    
    @override    
    public void adduser(string username,string password) { 
        userdao.insertuser(username,password);    
    }
}

bean.xml配置文件

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance"    
   xsi:schemalocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans  
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd         ">  
 <!--id名字自己取,class表示他代表的类,如果在包里的话需要加上包名-->    
 <bean id="userservice"  class="userserviceimpl" >      
        <!--property代表是通过set方法注入,ref的值表示注入的内容-->
        <property  name="userdao"  ref="userdao"/>  
 </bean>    
  <bean id="userdao"  class="userdaoimpl"/>
</beans>

applicationcontext 继承结构


1.顶层接口:applicationcontext
2.classpathxmlapplicationcontext实现类继承abstractxmlapplication 抽象类
3.abstractxmlapplication 继承abstractrefreshableconfigapplicationcontext
4.abstractrefreshableconfigapplicationcontext抽象类继承abstractrefreshableapplicationcontext
5.abstractrefreshableapplicationcontext 继承 abstractapplicationcontext
6.abstractapplicationcontext 实现configurableapplicationcontext 接口
7.configurableapplicationcontext 接口继承
applicationcontext接口
总体来说继承实现结构较深,内部使用了大量适配器模式。
以classpathxmlapplicationcontext为例,继承类图如下图所示:

Spring源码剖析2:Spring IOC容器的加载过程

spring ioc容器加载过程源码详解


在开始之前,先介绍一个整体的概念。即spring ioc容器的加载,大体上经过以下几个过程:
资源文件定位、解析、注册、实例化

1.资源文件定位
其中资源文件定位,一般是在applicationcontext的实现类里完成的,因为applicationcontext接口继承resourcepatternresolver 接口,resourcepatternresolver接口继承resourceloader接口,resourceloader其中的getresource()方法,可以将外部的资源,读取为resource类。


2.解析defaultbeandefinitiondocumentreader,
解析主要是在beandefinitionreader中完成的,最常用的实现类是xmlbeandefinitionreader,其中的loadbeandefinitions()方法,负责读取resource,并完成后续的步骤。applicationcontext完成资源文件定位之后,是将解析工作委托给xmlbeandefinitionreader来完成的
解析这里涉及到很多步骤,最常见的情况,资源文件来自一个xml配置文件。首先是beandefinitionreader,将xml文件读取成w3c的document文档。
defaultbeandefinitiondocumentreader对document进行进一步解析。然后defaultbeandefinitiondocumentreader又委托给beandefinitionparserdelegate进行解析。如果是标准的xml namespace元素,会在delegate内部完成解析,如果是非标准的xml namespace元素,则会委托合适的namespacehandler进行解析最终解析的结果都封装为beandefinitionholder,至此解析就算完成。
后续会进行细致讲解。


3.注册
然后bean的注册是在beanfactory里完成的,beanfactory接口最常见的一个实现类是defaultlistablebeanfactory,它实现了beandefinitionregistry接口,所以其中的registerbeandefinition()方法,可以对beandefinition进行注册这里附带一提,最常见的xmlwebapplicationcontext不是自己持有beandefinition的,它继承自abstractrefreshableapplicationcontext,其持有一个defaultlistablebeanfactory的字段,就是用它来保存beandefinition
所谓的注册,其实就是将beandefinition的name和实例,保存到一个map中。刚才说到,最常用的实现defaultlistablebeanfactory,其中的字段就是beandefinitionmap,是一个concurrenthashmap。
代码如下:
>1.defaultlistablebeanfactory继承实现关系

public class defaultlistablebeanfactory
extends 
abstractautowirecapablebeanfactory   
implements
configurablelistablebeanfactory, 
beandefinitionregistry,
serializable { 
     // defaultlistablebeanfactory的实例中最终保存了所有注册的bean    beandefinitionmap
     /** map of bean definition objects, keyed by bean name */
     private final map<string, beandefinition> beandefinitionmap 
     = new concurrenthashmap<string, beandefinition>(64); 
     //实现beandefinitionregistry中定义的registerbeandefinition()抽象方法
     public void registerbeandefinition(string beanname, beandefinition    beandefinition)      throws beandefinitionstoreexception {
     }

>2.beandefinitionregistry接口

public interface beandefinitionregistry extends aliasregistry {   
    //定义注册beandefinition实例的抽象方法
    void registerbeandefinition(string beanname, beandefinition beandefinition)         throws beandefinitionstoreexception;

4.实例化


注册也完成之后,在beanfactory的getbean()方法之中,会完成初始化,也就是依赖注入的过程
大体上的流程就是这样。

refresh()方法

1.目标:
这篇记录debug 追溯源码的过程,大概分三个篇幅,这是第一篇,现整体了解一下运行流程,定位资源加载,资源解析,bean 注册发生的位置。
2.记录结构:
1.调试栈截图
2.整体流程
3.bean.xml的处理
每段代码下面有相应的讲解

调试栈截图


Spring源码剖析2:Spring IOC容器的加载过程

每个栈帧中方法的行号都有标明,按照行号追溯源码,然后配合教程能够快速学习。

整体流程


ioc容器实例化代码

applicationcontext applicationcontext = new classpathxmlapplicationcontext("bean.xml");

进入代码中一步步追溯,发现重要方法:refresh();
如下所示:

public void refresh() throws beansexception, illegalstateexception {

        synchronized (this.startupshutdownmonitor) {
            // prepare this context for refreshing.
            preparerefresh();
            //beanfactory实例化方法 单步调试入口
            // tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory.
            configurablelistablebeanfactory beanfactory = obtainfreshbeanfactory();

            // prepare the bean factory for use in this context.
            preparebeanfactory(beanfactory);

            try {
                // allows post-processing of the bean factory in context subclasses.
                postprocessbeanfactory(beanfactory);

                // invoke factory processors registered as beans in the context.
                invokebeanfactorypostprocessors(beanfactory);

                // register bean processors that intercept bean creation.
                registerbeanpostprocessors(beanfactory);

                // initialize message source for this context.
                initmessagesource();

                // initialize event multicaster for this context.
                initapplicationeventmulticaster();

                // initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses.
                onrefresh();

                // check for listener beans and register them.
                registerlisteners();

                // instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.
                finishbeanfactoryinitialization(beanfactory);

                // last step: publish corresponding event.
                finishrefresh();
            }

            catch (beansexception ex) {
                // destroy already created singletons to avoid dangling resources.
                destroybeans();

                // reset 'active' flag.
                cancelrefresh(ex);

                // propagate exception to caller.
                throw ex;
            }
        }
    }

首先这个方法是同步的,以避免重复刷新。然后刷新的每个步骤,都放在单独的方法里,比较清晰,可以按顺序一个个看

首先是preparerefresh()方法

protected void preparerefresh() {
        this.startupdate = system.currenttimemillis();

        synchronized (this.activemonitor) {
            this.active = true;
        }

        if (logger.isinfoenabled()) {
            logger.info("refreshing " + this);
        }

        // initialize any placeholder property sources in the context environment
        initpropertysources();

        // validate that all properties marked as required are resolvable
        // see configurablepropertyresolver#setrequiredproperties
        this.environment.validaterequiredproperties();
    }

这个方法里做的事情不多,记录了开始时间,输出日志,另外initpropertysources()方法和validaterequiredproperties()方法一般都没有做什么事。

然后是核心的obtainfreshbeanfactory()方法,这个方法是初始化beanfactory,是整个refresh()方法的核心,其中完成了配置文件的加载、解析、注册,后面会专门详细说 。

这里要说明一下,applicationcontext实现了beanfactory接口,并实现了resourceloader、messagesource等接口,可以认为是增强的beanfactory。但是applicationcontext并不自己重复实现beanfactory定义的方法,而是委托给defaultlistablebeanfactory来实现。这种设计思路也是值得学习的。
后面的 preparebeanfactory()、postprocessbeanfactory()、invokebeanfactorypostprocessors()、registerbeanpostprocessors()、initmessagesource()、initapplicationeventmulticaster()、onrefresh()、registerlisteners()、finishbeanfactoryinitialization()、finishrefresh()等方法,是添加一些后处理器、广播、拦截器等,就不一个个细说了

其中的关键方法是finishbeanfactoryinitialization(),在这个方法中,会对刚才注册的bean(不延迟加载的),进行实例化,所以也是一个核心方法。

bean.xml的处理


从整体上介绍完了流程,接下来就重点看obtainfreshbeanfactory()方法,上文说到,在这个方法里,完成了配置文件的加载、解析、注册

protected configurablelistablebeanfactory obtainfreshbeanfactory() {
        refreshbeanfactory();
        configurablelistablebeanfactory beanfactory = getbeanfactory();
        if (logger.isdebugenabled()) {
            logger.debug("bean factory for " + getdisplayname() + ": " + beanfactory);
        }
        return beanfactory;
    }

这个方法做了2件事,首先通过refreshbeanfactory()方法,创建了defaultlistablebeanfactory的实例,并进行初始化。

protected final void refreshbeanfactory() throws beansexception {
        if (hasbeanfactory()) {
            destroybeans();
            closebeanfactory();
        }
        try {
            defaultlistablebeanfactory beanfactory = createbeanfactory();
            beanfactory.setserializationid(getid());
            customizebeanfactory(beanfactory);
            loadbeandefinitions(beanfactory);
            synchronized (this.beanfactorymonitor) {
                this.beanfactory = beanfactory;
            }
        }
        catch (ioexception ex) {
            throw new applicationcontextexception("i/o error parsing bean definition source for " + getdisplayname(), ex);
        }
    }

首先如果已经有beanfactory实例,就先清空。然后通过createbeanfactory()方法,创建一个defaultlistablebeanfactory的实例

protected defaultlistablebeanfactory createbeanfactory() {
        return new defaultlistablebeanfactory(getinternalparentbeanfactory());
    }

接下来设置id唯一标识

beanfactory.setserializationid(getid());

然后允许用户进行一些自定义的配置

protected void customizebeanfactory(defaultlistablebeanfactory beanfactory) {
        if (this.allowbeandefinitionoverriding != null) {
            beanfactory.setallowbeandefinitionoverriding(this.allowbeandefinitionoverriding);
        }
        if (this.allowcircularreferences != null) {
            beanfactory.setallowcircularreferences(this.allowcircularreferences);
        }
        beanfactory.setautowirecandidateresolver(new qualifierannotationautowirecandidateresolver());
    }

最后,就是核心的loadbeandefinitions()方法

protected void loadbeandefinitions(defaultlistablebeanfactory beanfactory) throws beansexception, ioexception {
        // create a new xmlbeandefinitionreader for the given beanfactory.
        xmlbeandefinitionreader beandefinitionreader = new xmlbeandefinitionreader(beanfactory);

        // configure the bean definition reader with this context's
        // resource loading environment.
        beandefinitionreader.setenvironment(this.getenvironment());
        beandefinitionreader.setresourceloader(this);
        beandefinitionreader.setentityresolver(new resourceentityresolver(this));

        // allow a subclass to provide custom initialization of the reader,
        // then proceed with actually loading the bean definitions.
        initbeandefinitionreader(beandefinitionreader);
        loadbeandefinitions(beandefinitionreader);
    }

这里首先会创建一个xmlbeandefinitionreader的实例,然后进行初始化。这个xmlbeandefinitionreader中其实传递的beandefinitionregistry类型的实例,为什么可以传递一个beanfactory呢,因为defaultlistablebeanfactory实现了beandefinitionregistry接口,这里是多态的使用。

protected void loadbeandefinitions(defaultlistablebeanfactory beanfactory) throws beansexception, ioexception {
        // create a new xmlbeandefinitionreader for the given beanfactory.
        xmlbeandefinitionreader beandefinitionreader = new xmlbeandefinitionreader(beanfactory);

        // configure the bean definition reader with this context's
        // resource loading environment.
        beandefinitionreader.setenvironment(this.getenvironment());
        beandefinitionreader.setresourceloader(this);
        beandefinitionreader.setentityresolver(new resourceentityresolver(this));

        // allow a subclass to provide custom initialization of the reader,
        // then proceed with actually loading the bean definitions.
        initbeandefinitionreader(beandefinitionreader);
}

这里要说明一下,applicationcontext并不自己负责配置文件的加载、解析、注册,而是将这些工作委托给xmlbeandefinitionreader来做。

loadbeandefinitions(beandefinitionreader);

这行代码,就是bean定义读取实际发生的地方。这里的工作,主要是xmlbeandefinitionreader来完成的,下一篇博客会详细介绍这个过程。

loadbeandefinitions

loadbeandefinitions: 源码阅读


入口是loadbeandefinitions方法

protected void loadbeandefinitions(xmlbeandefinitionreader reader) 
throws ioexception {
        string[] configlocations = getconfiglocations();
        if (configlocations != null) {
            for (string configlocation : configlocations) {
                reader.loadbeandefinitions(configlocation);
            }
        }
}

这是解析过程最外围的代码,首先要获取到配置文件的路径,这在之前已经完成了。
然后将每个配置文件的路径,作为参数传给beandefinitionreader的loadbeandefinitions方法里

public int loadbeandefinitions(string location) throws beandefinitionstoreexception {
        return loadbeandefinitions(location, null);
}

这个方法又调用了重载方法

public int loadbeandefinitions(string location, set<resource> actualresources) 
throws beandefinitionstoreexception {
        resourceloader resourceloader = getresourceloader();
        if (resourceloader == null) {
            throw new beandefinitionstoreexception(
                    "cannot import bean definitions from location [" + location + "]: no resourceloader available");
        }

        if (resourceloader instanceof resourcepatternresolver) {
            // resource pattern matching available.
            try {
                resource[] resources = ((resourcepatternresolver) resourceloader).getresources(location);
                int loadcount = loadbeandefinitions(resources);
                if (actualresources != null) {
                    for (resource resource : resources) {
                        actualresources.add(resource);
                    }
                }
                if (logger.isdebugenabled()) {
                    logger.debug("loaded " + loadcount + " bean definitions from location pattern [" + location + "]");
                }
                return loadcount;
            }
            catch (ioexception ex) {
                throw new beandefinitionstoreexception(
                        "could not resolve bean definition resource pattern [" + location + "]", ex);
            }
        }
        else {
            // can only load single resources by absolute url.
            resource resource = resourceloader.getresource(location);
            int loadcount = loadbeandefinitions(resource);
            if (actualresources != null) {
                actualresources.add(resource);
            }
            if (logger.isdebugenabled()) {
                logger.debug("loaded " + loadcount + " bean definitions from location [" + location + "]");
            }
            return loadcount;
        }
    }

首先getresourceloader()的实现的前提条件是因为xmlbeandefinitionreader在实例化的时候已经确定了创建了实例resourceloader实例, 代码位于 abstractbeandefinitionreader

protected abstractbeandefinitionreader(beandefinitionregistry registry) {   
     assert.notnull(registry, "beandefinitionregistry must not be null"); 
     this.registry = registry;   
     // determine resourceloader to use.  
     if (this.registry instanceof resourceloader) {     
         this.resourceloader = (resourceloader) this.registry;   
      }  else {      
         this.resourceloader = new pathmatchingresourcepatternresolver();  
      }   
     // inherit environment if possible   
     if (this.registry instanceof environmentcapable) {      
          this.environment = ((environmentcapable)this.registry).getenvironment();  
      }  else {      
          this.environment = new standardenvironment(); 
      }
}

这个方法比较长,beandefinitionreader不能直接加载配置文件,需要把配置文件封装成resource,然后才能调用重载方法loadbeandefinitions()。所以这个方法其实就是2段,第一部分是委托resourceloader将配置文件封装成resource,第二部分是调用loadbeandefinitions(),对resource进行解析

而这里的resourceloader,就是前面的xmlwebapplicationcontext,因为applicationcontext接口,是继承自resourceloader接口的

resource也是一个接口体系,在web环境下,这里就是servletcontextresource

接下来进入重载方法loadbeandefinitions()

public int loadbeandefinitions(resource... resources) throws beandefinitionstoreexception {
        assert.notnull(resources, "resource array must not be null");
        int counter = 0;
        for (resource resource : resources) {
            counter += loadbeandefinitions(resource);
        }
        return counter;
    }

这里就不用说了,就是把每一个resource作为参数,继续调用重载方法。读spring源码,会发现重载方法特别多。

public int loadbeandefinitions(resource resource)  throws
 beandefinitionstoreexception {
        return loadbeandefinitions(new encodedresource(resource));
}

还是重载方法,不过这里对传进来的resource又进行了一次封装,变成了编码后的resource。

public int loadbeandefinitions(encodedresource encodedresource) 
throws beandefinitionstoreexception {
        assert.notnull(encodedresource, "encodedresource must not be null");
        if (logger.isinfoenabled()) {
            logger.info("loading xml bean definitions from " + encodedresource.getresource());
        }

        set<encodedresource> currentresources = this.resourcescurrentlybeingloaded.get();
        if (currentresources == null) {
            currentresources = new hashset<encodedresource>(4);
            this.resourcescurrentlybeingloaded.set(currentresources);
        }
        if (!currentresources.add(encodedresource)) {
            throw new beandefinitionstoreexception(
                    "detected cyclic loading of " + encodedresource + " - check your import definitions!");
        }
        try {
            inputstream inputstream = encodedresource.getresource().getinputstream();
            try {
                inputsource inputsource = new inputsource(inputstream);
                if (encodedresource.getencoding() != null) {
                    inputsource.setencoding(encodedresource.getencoding());
                }
                return doloadbeandefinitions(inputsource, encodedresource.getresource());
            }
            finally {
                inputstream.close();
            }
        }
        catch (ioexception ex) {
            throw new beandefinitionstoreexception(
                    "ioexception parsing xml document from " + encodedresource.getresource(), ex);
        }
        finally {
            currentresources.remove(encodedresource);
            if (currentresources.isempty()) {
                this.resourcescurrentlybeingloaded.remove();
            }
        }
    }

这个就是loadbeandefinitions()的最后一个重载方法,比较长,可以拆看来看。

assert.notnull(encodedresource, "encodedresource must not be null");
        if (logger.isinfoenabled()) {
            logger.info("loading xml bean definitions from " + encodedresource.getresource());
        }

        set<encodedresource> currentresources = this.resourcescurrentlybeingloaded.get();
        if (currentresources == null) {
            currentresources = new hashset<encodedresource>(4);
            this.resourcescurrentlybeingloaded.set(currentresources);
        }
        if (!currentresources.add(encodedresource)) {
            throw new beandefinitionstoreexception(
                    "detected cyclic loading of " + encodedresource + " - check your import definitions!");
        }

这第一部分,是处理线程相关的工作,把当前正在解析的resource,设置为当前resource。

try {
            inputstream inputstream = encodedresource.getresource().getinputstream();
            try {
                inputsource inputsource = new inputsource(inputstream);
                if (encodedresource.getencoding() != null) {
                    inputsource.setencoding(encodedresource.getencoding());
                }
                return doloadbeandefinitions(inputsource, encodedresource.getresource());
            }
            finally {
                inputstream.close();
            }
        }

这里是第二部分,是核心,首先把resource还原为inputstream,然后调用实际解析的方法doloadbeandefinitions()。可以看到,这种命名方式是很值得学习的,一种业务方法,比如parse(),可能需要做一些外围的工作,然后实际解析的方法,可以命名为doparse()。这种doxxx()的命名方法,在很多开源框架中都有应用,比如logback等。
接下来就看一下这个doloadbeandefinitions()方法

protected int doloadbeandefinitions(inputsource inputsource, resource resource)
            throws beandefinitionstoreexception {
        try {
            document doc = doloaddocument(inputsource, resource);return registerbeandefinitions(doc, resource);
            return registerbeandefinitions(doc, resource);
        }
        catch (beandefinitionstoreexception ex) {
            throw ex;
        }
        catch (saxparseexception ex) {
            throw new xmlbeandefinitionstoreexception(resource.getdescription(),
                    "line " + ex.getlinenumber() + " in xml document from " + resource + " is invalid", ex);
        }
        catch (saxexception ex) {
            throw new xmlbeandefinitionstoreexception(resource.getdescription(),
                    "xml document from " + resource + " is invalid", ex);
        }
        catch (parserconfigurationexception ex) {
            throw new beandefinitionstoreexception(resource.getdescription(),
                    "parser configuration exception parsing xml from " + resource, ex);
        }
        catch (ioexception ex) {
            throw new beandefinitionstoreexception(resource.getdescription(),
                    "ioexception parsing xml document from " + resource, ex);
        }
        catch (throwable ex) {
            throw new beandefinitionstoreexception(resource.getdescription(),
                    "unexpected exception parsing xml document from " + resource, ex);
        }
    }

抛开异常处理:核心代码如下:

 document doc = doloaddocument(inputsource, resource);
 return  registerbeandefinitions(doc, resource);

doloaddocument方法将inputstream读取成标准的document对象,然后调用registerbeandefinitions(),进行解析工作。

protected document doloaddocument(inputsource inputsource, resource resource) throws exception {   
    return this.documentloader.loaddocument(inputsource,  
                                            getentityresolver(), this.errorhandler,  
                                            getvalidationmodeforresource(resource),  
                                            isnamespaceaware());
}

接下来就看一下这个核心方法registerbeandefinitions

public int registerbeandefinitions(document doc, resource resource) throws beandefinitionstoreexception {
        //创建的其实是defaultbeandefinitiondocumentreader 的实例,利用反射创建的。
        beandefinitiondocumentreader documentreader = createbeandefinitiondocumentreader();
        documentreader.setenvironment(this.getenvironment());
        int countbefore = getregistry().getbeandefinitioncount();
        documentreader.registerbeandefinitions(doc, createreadercontext(resource));
        return getregistry().getbeandefinitioncount() - countbefore;
}

这里注意两点 :

1.document对象
首先这个document对象,是w3c定义的标准xml对象,跟spring无关。其次这个registerbeandefinitions方法,我觉得命名有点误导性。因为这个时候实际上解析还没有开始,怎么直接就注册了呢。比较好的命名,我觉得可以是parseandregisterbeandefinitions()。
2.documentreader的创建时使用反射创建的,代码如下

protected beandefinitiondocumentreader    
 createbeandefinitiondocumentreader() {   
          return beandefinitiondocumentreader.class.cast(beanutils.
            instantiateclass(this.documentreaderclass));
}

instantiateclass方法中传入了一个class类型的参数。追溯发现下述代码:

private class<?> documentreaderclass = 
defaultbeandefinitiondocumentreader.class;

所以创建的documentreaderclass是defaultbeandefinitiondocumentreader类的实例。
接下来就进入beandefinitiondocumentreader 中定义的registerbeandefinitions()方法看看

public void registerbeandefinitions(document doc, xmlreadercontext readercontext) {
        this.readercontext = readercontext;
        logger.debug("loading bean definitions");
        element root = doc.getdocumentelement();
        doregisterbeandefinitions(root);
    }

处理完外围事务之后,进入doregisterbeandefinitions()方法,这种命名规范,上文已经介绍过了

protected void doregisterbeandefinitions(element root) {
        string profilespec = root.getattribute(profile_attribute);
        if (stringutils.hastext(profilespec)) {
            assert.state(this.environment != null, "environment property must not be null");
            string[] specifiedprofiles = stringutils.tokenizetostringarray(profilespec, beandefinitionparserdelegate.multi_value_attribute_delimiters);
            if (!this.environment.acceptsprofiles(specifiedprofiles)) {
                return;
            }
        }
        // any nested <beans> elements will cause recursion in this method. in
        // order to propagate and preserve <beans> default-* attributes correctly,
        // keep track of the current (parent) delegate, which may be null. create
        // the new (child) delegate with a reference to the parent for fallback purposes,
        // then ultimately reset this.delegate back to its original (parent) reference.
        // this behavior emulates a stack of delegates without actually necessitating one.
        beandefinitionparserdelegate parent = this.delegate;
        this.delegate = createhelper(readercontext, root, parent);
        preprocessxml(root);
        parsebeandefinitions(root, this.delegate);
        postprocessxml(root);
        this.delegate = parent;
}

这个方法也比较长,拆开来看

string profilespec = root.getattribute(profile_attribute);
        if (stringutils.hastext(profilespec)) {
            assert.state(this.environment != null, "environment property must not be null");
            string[] specifiedprofiles = stringutils.tokenizetostringarray(profilespec, beandefinitionparserdelegate.multi_value_attribute_delimiters);
            if (!this.environment.acceptsprofiles(specifiedprofiles)) {
                return;
            }
}

如果配置文件中元素,配有profile属性,就会进入这一段,不过一般都是不会的

        beandefinitionparserdelegate parent = this.delegate;
        this.delegate = createhelper(readercontext, root, parent);
        preprocessxml(root);
        parsebeandefinitions(root, this.delegate);
        postprocessxml(root);
        this.delegate = parent;

然后这里创建了beandefinitionparserdelegate对象,preprocessxml()和postprocessxml()都是空方法,核心就是parsebeandefinitions()方法。这里又把beandefinition解析和注册的工作,委托给了beandefinitionparserdelegate对象,在parsebeandefinitions()方法中完成
总的来说,解析工作的委托链是这样的:classpathxmlapplicationcontext,xmlbeandefinitionreader,defaultbeandefinitiondocumentreader,beandefinitionparserdelegate
classpathxmlapplicationcontext作为最外围的组件,发起解析的请求
xmlbeandefinitionreader将配置文件路径封装为resource,读取出w3c定义的document对象,然后委托给defaultbeandefinitiondocumentreader
defaultbeandefinitiondocumentreader就开始做实际的解析工作了,但是涉及到bean的具体解析,它还是会继续委托给beandefinitionparserdelegate来做。
接下来在parsebeandefinitions()方法中发生了什么,以及beandefinitionparserdelegate类完成的工作,在下一篇博客中继续介绍。

loadbeandefinitions

beandefinition的解析,已经走到了defaultbeandefinitiondocumentr
eader里,这时候配置文件已经被加载,并解析成w3c的document对象。这篇博客就接着介绍,defaultbeandefinitiondocumentreader和beandefinitionparserdelegate类,是怎么协同完成bean的解析和注册的。

        beandefinitionparserdelegate parent = this.delegate;
        this.delegate = createhelper(readercontext, root, parent);
        preprocessxml(root);
        parsebeandefinitions(root, this.delegate);
        postprocessxml(root);
        this.delegate = parent;

这段代码,创建了一个beandefinitionparserdelegate组件,然后就是preprocessxml()、parsebeandefinitions()、postprocessxml()方法
其中preprocessxml()和postprocessxml()默认是空方法,接下来就看下parsebeandefinitions()方法

protected void parsebeandefinitions(element root, beandefinitionparserdelegate delegate) {
        if (delegate.isdefaultnamespace(root)) {
            nodelist nl = root.getchildnodes();
            for (int i = 0; i < nl.getlength(); i++) {
                node node = nl.item(i);
                if (node instanceof element) {
                    element ele = (element) node;
                    if (delegate.isdefaultnamespace(ele)) {
                        parsedefaultelement(ele, delegate);
                    }
                    else {
                        delegate.parsecustomelement(ele);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        else {
            delegate.parsecustomelement(root);
        }
    }

从这个方法开始,beandefinitionparserdelegate就开始发挥作用了,判断当前解析元素是否属于默认的命名空间,如果是的话,就调用parsedefaultelement()方法,否则调用delegate上parsecustomelement()方法

public boolean isdefaultnamespace(string namespaceuri) {
        return (!stringutils.haslength(namespaceuri) || beans_namespace_uri.equals(namespaceuri));
    }
    public boolean isdefaultnamespace(node node) {
        return isdefaultnamespace(getnamespaceuri(node));
    }

只有,会被认为是默认的命名空间。也就是说,beans、bean这些元素,会认为属于默认的命名空间,而像task:scheduled这些,就认为不属于默认命名空间。
根节点beans的一个子节点bean,是属于默认命名空间的,所以会进入parsedefaultelement()方法

private void parsedefaultelement(element ele, beandefinitionparserdelegate delegate) {
        if (delegate.nodenameequals(ele, import_element)) {
            importbeandefinitionresource(ele);
        }
        else if (delegate.nodenameequals(ele, alias_element)) {
            processaliasregistration(ele);
        }
        else if (delegate.nodenameequals(ele, bean_element)) {
            processbeandefinition(ele, delegate);
        }
        else if (delegate.nodenameequals(ele, nested_beans_element)) {
            // recurse
            doregisterbeandefinitions(ele);
        }
    }

这里可能会有4种情况,import、alias、bean、beans,分别有一个方法与之对应,这里解析的是bean元素,所以会进入processbeandefinition()方法

protected void processbeandefinition(element ele, beandefinitionparserdelegate delegate) {
        beandefinitionholder bdholder = delegate.parsebeandefinitionelement(ele);
        if (bdholder != null) {
            bdholder = delegate.decoratebeandefinitionifrequired(ele, bdholder);
            try {
                // register the final decorated instance.
                beandefinitionreaderutils.registerbeandefinition(bdholder, getreadercontext().getregistry());
            }
            catch (beandefinitionstoreexception ex) {
                getreadercontext().error("failed to register bean definition with name '" +
                        bdholder.getbeanname() + "'", ele, ex);
            }
            // send registration event.
            getreadercontext().firecomponentregistered(new beancomponentdefinition(bdholder));
        }
    }

这里主要有3个步骤,先是委托delegate对bean进行解析,然后委托delegate对bean进行装饰,最后由一个工具类来完成beandefinition的注册
可以看出来,defaultbeandefinitiondocumentreader不负责任何具体的bean解析,它面向的是xml document对象,根据其元素的命名空间和名称,起一个类似路由的作用(不过,命名空间的判断,也是委托给delegate来做的)。所以这个类的命名,是比较贴切的,突出了其面向document的特性。具体的工作,是由beandefinitionparserdelegate来完成的
下面就看下parsebeandefinitionelement()方法

public beandefinitionholder parsebeandefinitionelement(element ele, beandefinition containingbean) {
        string id = ele.getattribute(id_attribute);
        string nameattr = ele.getattribute(name_attribute);
        list<string> aliases = new arraylist<string>();
        if (stringutils.haslength(nameattr)) {
            string[] namearr = stringutils.tokenizetostringarray(nameattr, multi_value_attribute_delimiters);
            aliases.addall(arrays.aslist(namearr));
        }
        string beanname = id;
        if (!stringutils.hastext(beanname) && !aliases.isempty()) {
            beanname = aliases.remove(0);
            if (logger.isdebugenabled()) {
                logger.debug("no xml 'id' specified - using '" + beanname +
                        "' as bean name and " + aliases + " as aliases");
            }
        }
        if (containingbean == null) {
            checknameuniqueness(beanname, aliases, ele);
        }
        abstractbeandefinition beandefinition = parsebeandefinitionelement(ele, beanname, containingbean);
        if (beandefinition != null) {
            if (!stringutils.hastext(beanname)) {
                try {
                    if (containingbean != null) {
                        beanname = beandefinitionreaderutils.generatebeanname(
                                beandefinition, this.readercontext.getregistry(), true);
                    }
                    else {
                        beanname = this.readercontext.generatebeanname(beandefinition);
                        // register an alias for the plain bean class name, if still possible,
                        // if the generator returned the class name plus a suffix.
                        // this is expected for spring 1.2/2.0 backwards compatibility.
                        string beanclassname = beandefinition.getbeanclassname();
                        if (beanclassname != null &&
                                beanname.startswith(beanclassname) && beanname.length() > beanclassname.length() &&                      !this.readercontext.getregistry().isbeannameinuse(beanclassname)) {
                            aliases.add(beanclassname);
                        }
                    }
                    if (logger.isdebugenabled()) {
                        logger.debug("neither xml 'id' nor 'name' specified - " +
                                "using generated bean name [" + beanname + "]");
                    }
                }
                catch (exception ex) {
                    error(ex.getmessage(), ele);
                    return null;
                }
            }
            string[] aliasesarray = stringutils.tostringarray(aliases);
            return new beandefinitionholder(beandefinition, beanname, aliasesarray);
        }
        return null;
    }

这个方法很长,可以分成三段来看

string id = ele.getattribute(id_attribute);
        string nameattr = ele.getattribute(name_attribute);
        list<string> aliases = new arraylist<string>();
        if (stringutils.haslength(nameattr)) {
            string[] namearr = stringutils.tokenizetostringarray(nameattr, multi_value_attribute_delimiters);
            aliases.addall(arrays.aslist(namearr));
        }
        string beanname = id;
        if (!stringutils.hastext(beanname) && !aliases.isempty()) {
            beanname = aliases.remove(0);
            if (logger.isdebugenabled()) {
                logger.debug("no xml 'id' specified - using '" + beanname +
                        "' as bean name and " + aliases + " as aliases");
            }
        }
        if (containingbean == null) {
            checknameuniqueness(beanname, aliases, ele);
        }

这一段,主要是处理一些跟alias,id等标识相关的东西

abstractbeandefinition beandefinition = parsebeandefinitionelement(ele, beanname, containingbean);

这一行是核心,进行实际的解析

if (beandefinition != null) {
            if (!stringutils.hastext(beanname)) {
                try {
                    if (containingbean != null) {
                        beanname = beandefinitionreaderutils.generatebeanname(
                                beandefinition, this.readercontext.getregistry(), true);
                    }
                    else {
                        beanname = this.readercontext.generatebeanname(beandefinition);
                        // register an alias for the plain bean class name, if still possible,
                        // if the generator returned the class name plus a suffix.
                        // this is expected for spring 1.2/2.0 backwards compatibility.
                        string beanclassname = beandefinition.getbeanclassname();
                        if (beanclassname != null &&
                                beanname.startswith(beanclassname) && beanname.length() > beanclassname.length() &&
                                !this.readercontext.getregistry().isbeannameinuse(beanclassname)) {
                            aliases.add(beanclassname);
                        }
                    }
                    if (logger.isdebugenabled()) {
                        logger.debug("neither xml 'id' nor 'name' specified - " +
                                "using generated bean name [" + beanname + "]");
                    }
                }
                catch (exception ex) {
                    error(ex.getmessage(), ele);
                    return null;
                }
            }
            string[] aliasesarray = stringutils.tostringarray(aliases);
            return new beandefinitionholder(beandefinition, beanname, aliasesarray);
        }

这段是后置处理,对beanname进行处理
前置处理和后置处理,不是核心,就不细看了,重点看下核心的那一行调用

public abstractbeandefinition parsebeandefinitionelement(
            element ele, string beanname, beandefinition containingbean) {
        this.parsestate.push(new beanentry(beanname));
        string classname = null;
        if (ele.hasattribute(class_attribute)) {
            classname = ele.getattribute(class_attribute).trim();
        }
        try {
            string parent = null;
            if (ele.hasattribute(parent_attribute)) {
                parent = ele.getattribute(parent_attribute);
            }
            abstractbeandefinition bd = createbeandefinition(classname, parent);
            parsebeandefinitionattributes(ele, beanname, containingbean, bd);
            bd.setdescription(domutils.getchildelementvaluebytagname(ele, description_element));
            parsemetaelements(ele, bd);
            parselookupoverridesubelements(ele, bd.getmethodoverrides());
            parsereplacedmethodsubelements(ele,   bd.getmethodoverrides());
            parseconstructorargelements(ele, bd);
            parsepropertyelements(ele, bd);
            parsequalifierelements(ele, bd);
            bd.setresource(this.readercontext.getresource());
            bd.setsource(extractsource(ele));
            return bd;
        }
        catch (classnotfoundexception ex) {
            error("bean class [" + classname + "] not found", ele, ex);
        }
        catch (noclassdeffounderror err) {
            error("class that bean class [" + classname + "] depends on not found", ele, err);
        }
        catch (throwable ex) {
            error("unexpected failure during bean definition parsing", ele, ex);
        }
        finally {
            this.parsestate.pop();
        }
        return null;
    }

这个方法也挺长的,拆开看看

this.parsestate.push(new beanentry(beanname));
        string classname = null;
        if (ele.hasattribute(class_attribute)) {
            classname = ele.getattribute(class_attribute).trim();
        }

这段是从配置中抽取出类名。接下来的长长一段,把异常处理先抛开,看看实际的业务

            string parent = null;
            if (ele.hasattribute(parent_attribute)) {
                parent = ele.getattribute(parent_attribute);
            }
            abstractbeandefinition bd = createbeandefinition(classname, parent);
            parsebeandefinitionattributes(ele, beanname, containingbean, bd);                  
            bd.setdescription(domutils.getchildelementvaluebytagname(ele, description_element));
            parsemetaelements(ele, bd);
            parselookupoverridesubelements(ele, bd.getmethodoverrides());
            parsereplacedmethodsubelements(ele, bd.getmethodoverrides());
            parseconstructorargelements(ele, bd);
            parsepropertyelements(ele, bd);
            parsequalifierelements(ele, bd);
            bd.setresource(this.readercontext.getresource());
            bd.setsource(extractsource(ele));
            return bd;

这里每个方法的命名,就说明了是要干什么,可以一个个跟进去看,本文就不细说了。总之,经过这里的解析,就得到了一个完整的beandefinitionholder。只是说明一下,如果在配置文件里,没有对一些属性进行设置,比如autowire-candidate等,那么这个解析生成的beandefinition,都会得到一个默认值
然后,对这个bean做一些必要的装饰

public beandefinitionholder decoratebeandefinitionifrequired(
            element ele, beandefinitionholder definitionholder, beandefinition containingbd) {
        beandefinitionholder finaldefinition = definitionholder;
        // decorate based on custom attributes first.
        namednodemap attributes = ele.getattributes();
        for (int i = 0; i < attributes.getlength(); i++) {
            node node = attributes.item(i);
            finaldefinition = decorateifrequired(node, finaldefinition, containingbd);
        }
        // decorate based on custom nested elements.
        nodelist children = ele.getchildnodes();
        for (int i = 0; i < children.getlength(); i++) {
            node node = children.item(i);
            if (node.getnodetype() == node.element_node) {
                finaldefinition = decorateifrequired(node, finaldefinition, containingbd);
            }
        }
        return finaldefinition;
    }

持续单步调试,代码继续运行到defaultbeandefinitiondocumentreader中的processbeandefinition中的registerbeandefinition()

beandefinitionreaderutils.registerbeandefinition(bdholder, 
getreadercontext().getregistry());

单步进入代码发现beandefinitionreaderutils静态方法registerbeandefinition()

public static void registerbeandefinition(
            beandefinitionholder definitionholder, beandefinitionregistry registry)
            throws beandefinitionstoreexception {
        // register bean definition under primary name.
        string beanname = definitionholder.getbeanname();
        // 其实调用的是defaultlistablebeanfactory中的registerbeandefinition方法
        registry.registerbeandefinition(beanname, definitionholder.getbeandefinition());
        // register aliases for bean name, if any.
        string[] aliases = definitionholder.getaliases();
        if (aliases != null) {
            for (string aliase : aliases) {
                registry.registeralias(beanname, aliase);
            }
        }
    }

解释一下其实调用的是defaultlistablebeanfactory中的registerbeandefinition方法这句话,因为defaultlistablebeanfactory实现beandefinitionregistry接口,beandefinitionregistry接口中定义了registerbeandefinition()方法
看下defaultlistablebeanfactory中registerbeandefinition()实例方法的具体实现:

public void registerbeandefinition(string beanname, beandefinition beandefinition)
            throws beandefinitionstoreexception {
        assert.hastext(beanname, "bean name must not be empty");
        assert.notnull(beandefinition, "beandefinition must not be null");
        if (beandefinition instanceof abstractbeandefinition) {
            try {
                ((abstractbeandefinition) beandefinition).validate();
            }
            catch (beandefinitionvalidationexception ex) {
                throw new beandefinitionstoreexception(beandefinition.getresourcedescription(), beanname,
                        "validation of bean definition failed", ex);
            }
        }
        synchronized (this.beandefinitionmap) {
            object oldbeandefinition = this.beandefinitionmap.get(beanname);
            if (oldbeandefinition != null) {
                if (!this.allowbeandefinitionoverriding) {
                    throw new beandefinitionstoreexception(beandefinition.getresourcedescription(), beanname,
                            "cannot register bean definition [" + beandefinition + "] for bean '" + beanname +
                            "': there is already [" + oldbeandefinition + "] bound.");
                }
                else {
                    if (this.logger.isinfoenabled()) {
                        this.logger.info("overriding bean definition for bean '" + beanname +
                                "': replacing [" + oldbeandefinition + "] with [" + beandefinition + "]");
                    }
                }
            }
            else {
                this.beandefinitionnames.add(beanname);
                this.frozenbeandefinitionnames = null;
            }
            this.beandefinitionmap.put(beanname, beandefinition);
            resetbeandefinition(beanname);
        }
    }

代码追溯之后发现这个方法里,最关键的是以下2行:

this.beandefinitionnames.add(beanname);
this.beandefinitionmap.put(beanname, beandefinition);

前者是把beanname放到队列里,后者是把beandefinition放到map中,到此注册就完成了。在后面实例化的时候,就是把beandefinitionmap中的beandefinition取出来,逐一实例化
beanfactory准备完毕之后,代码又回到了classpathxmlapplicationcontext里

public void refresh() throws beansexception, illegalstateexception {
        synchronized (this.startupshutdownmonitor) {
            // prepare this context for refreshing.
            preparerefresh();
            // tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory.
            configurablelistablebeanfactory beanfactory = obtainfreshbeanfactory();
            // prepare the bean factory for use in this context.
            preparebeanfactory(beanfactory);
            try {
                // allows post-processing of the bean factory in context subclasses.
                postprocessbeanfactory(beanfactory);
                // invoke factory processors registered as beans in the context.
                invokebeanfactorypostprocessors(beanfactory);
                // register bean processors that intercept bean creation.
                registerbeanpostprocessors(beanfactory);
                // initialize message source for this context.
                initmessagesource();
                // initialize event multicaster for this context.
                initapplicationeventmulticaster();
                // initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses.
                onrefresh();
                // check for listener beans and register them.
                registerlisteners();
                // instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.
                finishbeanfactoryinitialization(beanfactory);
                // last step: publish corresponding event.
                finishrefresh();
            }
            catch (beansexception ex) {
                // destroy already created singletons to avoid dangling resources.
                destroybeans();
                // reset 'active' flag.
                cancelrefresh(ex);
                // propagate exception to caller.
                throw ex;
            }
        }
    }

也就是obtainfreshbeanfactory()方法执行之后,再进行下面的步骤。
总结来说,applicationcontext将解析配置文件的工作委托给beandefinitionreader,然后beandefinitionreader将配置文件读取为xml的document文档之后,又委托给beandefinitiondocumentreader
beandefinitiondocumentreader这个组件是根据xml元素的命名空间和元素名,起到一个路由的作用,实际的解析工作,是委托给beandefinitionparserdelegate来完成的
beandefinitionparserdelegate的解析工作完成以后,会返回beandefinitionholder给beandefinitiondocumentreader,在这里,会委托给defaultlistablebeanfactory完成bean的注册
xmlbeandefinitionreader(计数、解析xml文档),beandefinitiondocumentreader(依赖xml文档,进行解析和注册),beandefinitionparserdelegate(实际的解析工作)。可以看出,在解析bean的过程中,这3个组件的分工是比较清晰的,各司其职,这种设计思想值得学习
到此为止,bean的解析、注册、spring ioc 容器的实例化过程就基本分析结束了。