docker安装Elasticsearch7.6集群并设置密码的方法步骤

elasticsearch从6.8开始， 允许免费用户使用x-pack的安全功能， 以前安装es都是裸奔。接下来记录配置安全认证的方法。

为了简化物理安装过程，我们将使用docker安装我们的服务。

一些基础配置

es需要修改linux的一些参数。

设置vm.max_map_count=262144

sudo vim /etc/sysctl.conf
vm.max_map_count=262144

不重启， 直接生效当前的命令

sysctl -w vm.max_map_count=262144

es的data和logs目录需要给1000的用户授权， 我们假设安装3个实力的es集群，先创建对应的数据存储文件

mkdir -p es01/data
mkdir -p es01/logs
mkdir -p es02/data
mkdir -p es02/logs
mkdir -p es03/data
mkdir -p es03/logs

## es的用户id为1000，这里暂且授权给所有人好了
sudo chmod 777 es* -r

关于版本和docker镜像

elasticsearch分几种licenses，其中open source和basic是免费的， 而在6.8之后安全功能才开始集成在es的basic授权上。

basic对应docker镜像为

docker pull docker.elastic.co/elasticsearch/elasticsearch:7.6.2

同时dockerhub同步为elasticsearch. 我们直接拉取elasticsearch:7.6.2就好。

开始

首先，创建docker-compose.yml

version: '2.2'
services:
  es01:
    image: elasticsearch:7.6.2
    container_name: es01
    environment:
      - node.name=es01
      - cluster.name=es-docker-cluster
      - discovery.seed_hosts=es02,es03
      - cluster.initial_master_nodes=es01,es02,es03
      - bootstrap.memory_lock=true
      - "es_java_opts=-xms512m -xmx512m"
    ulimits:
      memlock:
        soft: -1
        hard: -1
    volumes:
      - ./es01/data:/usr/share/elasticsearch/data
      - ./es01/logs:/usr/share/elasticsearch/logs
      - ./elasticsearch.yml:/usr/share/elasticsearch/config/elasticsearch.yml
      - ./elastic-certificates.p12:/usr/share/elasticsearch/config/elastic-certificates.p12
    ports:
      - 9200:9200
    networks:
      - elastic

  es02:
    image: elasticsearch:7.6.2
    container_name: es02
    environment:
      - node.name=es02
      - cluster.name=es-docker-cluster
      - discovery.seed_hosts=es01,es03
      - cluster.initial_master_nodes=es01,es02,es03
      - bootstrap.memory_lock=true
      - "es_java_opts=-xms512m -xmx512m"
    ulimits:
      memlock:
        soft: -1
        hard: -1
    volumes:
      - ./es02/data:/usr/share/elasticsearch/data
      - ./es02/logs:/usr/share/elasticsearch/logs
      - ./elasticsearch.yml:/usr/share/elasticsearch/config/elasticsearch.yml
      - ./elastic-certificates.p12:/usr/share/elasticsearch/config/elastic-certificates.p12
    ports:
      - 9201:9200
    networks:
      - elastic

  es03:
    image: elasticsearch:7.6.2
    container_name: es03
    environment:
      - node.name=es03
      - cluster.name=es-docker-cluster
      - discovery.seed_hosts=es01,es02
      - cluster.initial_master_nodes=es01,es02,es03
      - bootstrap.memory_lock=true
      - "es_java_opts=-xms512m -xmx512m"
    ulimits:
      memlock:
        soft: -1
        hard: -1
    volumes:
      - ./es03/data:/usr/share/elasticsearch/data
      - ./es03/logs:/usr/share/elasticsearch/logs
      - ./elasticsearch.yml:/usr/share/elasticsearch/config/elasticsearch.yml
      - ./elastic-certificates.p12:/usr/share/elasticsearch/config/elastic-certificates.p12
    ports:
      - 9202:9200
    networks:
      - elastic

  kib01:
    depends_on: 
      - es01
    image: kibana:7.6.2
    container_name: kib01
    ports:
      - 5601:5601
    environment:
      elasticsearch_url: http://es01:9200
      elasticsearch_hosts: http://es01:9200
    volumes:
      - ./kibana.yml:/usr/share/kibana/config/kibana.yml
    networks:
      - elastic

networks:
  elastic:
    driver: bridge

关于elasticsearch.yml

内容如下

network.host: 0.0.0.0
xpack.security.enabled: true
xpack.security.transport.ssl.enabled: true
xpack.security.transport.ssl.keystore.type: pkcs12
xpack.security.transport.ssl.verification_mode: certificate
xpack.security.transport.ssl.keystore.path: elastic-certificates.p12
xpack.security.transport.ssl.truststore.path: elastic-certificates.p12
xpack.security.transport.ssl.truststore.type: pkcs12

xpack.security.audit.enabled: true

• network.host 设置允许其他ip访问，解除ip绑定
• xpack.security 则是安全相关配置，其中ssl的证书需要自己生成

关于证书elastic-certificates.p12

es提供了生成证书的工具elasticsearch-certutil，我们可以在docker实例中生成它，然后复制出来，后面统一使用。

首先运行es实例

sudo docker run -dit --name=es elasticsearch:7.6.2 /bin/bash

进入实例内部

sudo docker exec -it es /bin/bash

生成ca: elastic-stack-ca.p12

[root@25dee1848942 elasticsearch]# ./bin/elasticsearch-certutil ca
this tool assists you in the generation of x.509 certificates and certificate
signing requests for use with ssl/tls in the elastic stack.

the 'ca' mode generates a new 'certificate authority'
this will create a new x.509 certificate and private key that can be used
to sign certificate when running in 'cert' mode.

use the 'ca-dn' option if you wish to configure the 'distinguished name'
of the certificate authority

by default the 'ca' mode produces a single pkcs#12 output file which holds:
    * the ca certificate
    * the ca's private key

if you elect to generate pem format certificates (the -pem option), then the output will
be a zip file containing individual files for the ca certificate and private key

please enter the desired output file [elastic-stack-ca.p12]: 
enter password for elastic-stack-ca.p12 : 

再生成cert: elastic-certificates.p12

[root@25dee1848942 elasticsearch]# ./bin/elasticsearch-certutil cert --ca elastic-stack-ca.p12
this tool assists you in the generation of x.509 certificates and certificate
signing requests for use with ssl/tls in the elastic stack.

the 'cert' mode generates x.509 certificate and private keys.

这个生成elastic-certificates.p12 就是我们需要使用的。

复制出证书, ctrl+d退出容器内部

sudo docker cp es:/usr/share/elasticsearch/elastic-certificates.p12 .
# 关闭这个容器
sudo docker kill es
sudo docker rm es

如此获取了证书。

生成密码

我们首先要启动es集群，去里面生成密码。

sudo docker-compose up

然后进入其中一台

sudo docker exec -it es01 /bin/bash

生成密码用auto， 自己设置用 interactive

[root@cfeeab4bb0eb elasticsearch]# ./bin/elasticsearch-setup-passwords -h
sets the passwords for reserved users

commands
--------
auto - uses randomly generated passwords
interactive - uses passwords entered by a user

non-option arguments:
command              

option             description        
------             -----------        
-e <keyvaluepair>  configure a setting
-h, --help         show help          
-s, --silent       show minimal output
-v, --verbose      show verbose output



[root@cfeeab4bb0eb elasticsearch]# ./bin/elasticsearch-setup-passwords auto
initiating the setup of passwords for reserved users elastic,apm_system,kibana,logstash_system,beats_system,remote_monitoring_user.
the passwords will be randomly generated and printed to the console.
please confirm that you would like to continue [y/n]y


changed password for user apm_system
password apm_system = yxvzet9b2jedujyp66ws

changed password for user kibana
password kibana = 8nnthbj0n02idatghidu

changed password for user logstash_system
password logstash_system = 9nidge7ksv8sqidsk8dj

changed password for user beats_system
password beats_system = qeuvaf1vealpjhfeuojj

changed password for user remote_monitoring_user
password remote_monitoring_user = dtzcrckvtzsinrn3tw3d

changed password for user elastic
password elastic = q5f2qnfujqyvzpiz57mz

使用密码

浏览器访问localhost:9200/9201/9202 需要输入账号

输入对应的elastic/password就好

浏览器访问localhost:5601

忘记密码

如果生成后忘记密码了怎么办， 可以进入机器去修改。

进入es的机器

sudo docker exec -it es01 /bin/bash

创建一个临时的超级用户ryanmiao

./bin/elasticsearch-users useradd ryan -r superuser
enter new password: 
error: invalid password...passwords must be at least [6] characters long
[root@cfeeab4bb0eb elasticsearch]# ./bin/elasticsearch-users useradd ryan -r superuser
enter new password: 
retype new password: 

用这个用户去修改elastic的密码：

curl -xput -u ryan:ryan123 http://localhost:9200/_xpack/security/user/elastic/_password -h "content-type: application/json" -d '
{
  "password": "q5f2qnfujqyvzpiz57mz"
}'

参考 http://codingfundas.com/setting-up-elasticsearch-6-8-with-kibana-and-x-pack-security-enabled/index.html

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