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Leetcode111——二叉树的最小深度

程序员文章站 2022-06-19 12:08:41
https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/minimum-depth-of-binary-tree/solution/er-cha-shu-de-zui-xiao-shen-du-by-leetcode-solutio/DFS和BFS都属于盲目搜索。DFS(Depth-First-Search):深度优先搜索DFS沿着树的深度遍历树的节点,尽可能深的搜索树的分支。当节点v的所有边都已经被探寻过,搜索将回溯到发现节点v的那条边的起始节点。下图的深度优先遍历顺序为:1->2...

https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/minimum-depth-of-binary-tree/solution/er-cha-shu-de-zui-xiao-shen-du-by-leetcode-solutio/

DFS和BFS都属于盲目搜索

DFS(Depth-First-Search):深度优先搜索

DFS沿着树的深度遍历树的节点,尽可能深的搜索树的分支。当节点v的所有边都已经被探寻过,搜索将回溯到发现节点v的那条边的起始节点。

下图的深度优先遍历顺序为:1->2->4->8->5->3->6->7
Leetcode111——二叉树的最小深度

BFS(Breadth-First-Search):广度优先搜索

从根节点开始,沿着树(图)的宽度遍历树(图)的节点,如果所有节点均被访问,则算法终止。

下图的深度优先遍历顺序为:1->2->4->8->5->3->6->7
Leetcode111——二叉树的最小深度
分别使用栈和队列实现深度优先搜索和广度优先搜索:

import java.util.ArrayDeque;

public class BinaryTree {
	static class TreeNode{
		int val;
		TreeNode left;
		TreeNode right;
		public TreeNode(int val) {
			this.val = val;
		}
	}
	
	TreeNode root;
	public BinaryTree(int[] array) {
		root=makeBinaryTreeByArray(array, 1);
	}
	
	/*
	 *  将数组转换为一棵二叉树 采用递归的方式转换
	 */
	public static TreeNode makeBinaryTreeByArray(int[] array, int index) {
		if(index<array.length) {
			int val = array[index];
			if(val!=0) {
				TreeNode t = new TreeNode(val);
				array[index]=0;
				t.left=makeBinaryTreeByArray(array, index*2);
				t.right=makeBinaryTreeByArray(array, index*2+1);
				return t;
			}
		}
		return null;
	}
	
	/**
	 * 深度优先遍历——使用栈实现
	 */
	public void depthOrderTraversal() {
		if(root==null) {
			System.out.println("empty tree");
			return;
		}
		ArrayDeque<TreeNode> stack=new ArrayDeque<TreeNode>();
		stack.push(root);
		while(!stack.isEmpty()) {
			TreeNode node = stack.pop();
			System.out.print(node.val +" ");
			if(node.right!=null) {
				stack.push(node.right);
			}
			if(node.left!=null) {
				stack.push(node.left);
			}
		}
		System.out.println("\n");
		
	}
	
	/**
	 * 广度优先搜索——使用队列实现
	 */
	public void levelOrderTraversal() {
		if(root==null) {
			System.out.println("\n");
			return;
		}
		ArrayDeque<TreeNode> queue=new ArrayDeque<TreeNode>();
		queue.add(root);
		while(!queue.isEmpty()) {
			TreeNode node = queue.remove();
			System.out.print(node.val + " ");
			if(node.left!=null) {
				queue.add(node.left);
			}
			if(node.right!=null) {
				queue.add(node.right);
			}
		}
		System.out.println("\n");
	}
	
	 public static void main(String[] args) { 
         int[] arr={0,13,65,5,97,25,0,37,22,0,4,28,0,0,32,0}; 
         BinaryTree tree=new BinaryTree(arr);                       
         tree.depthOrderTraversal(); 
         tree.levelOrderTraversal(); 
	}
}

求二叉树的最小深度:

  • 当root节点左右孩子都为空时,返回1
  • 当root节点左右孩子有一个为空时,返回不为空的孩子节点的深度
  • 当root节点左右孩子都不为空时,返回左右孩子较小深度的节点值
  class TreeNode {
     int val;
      TreeNode left;
      TreeNode right;
      TreeNode() {}
      TreeNode(int val) { this.val = val; }
      TreeNode(int val, TreeNode left, TreeNode right) {
          this.val = val;
          this.left = left;
          this.right = right;
      }
  }

 public class Solution {
    public static int minDepth(TreeNode root) {
    	if(root==null) return 0;
    	if(root.left==null && root.right==null) return 1;
    	if((root.left!=null && root.right==null)) {
    		return minDepth(root.left)+1;
    	}
    	if((root.right!=null && root.left==null)) {
    		return minDepth(root.right)+1;
    	}
    	if(root.left!=null && root.right!=null) {
    		return Math.min(minDepth(root.left), minDepth(root.right))+1;
    	}
		return 0;
    }
    
    public static void main(String args[]) {
    	TreeNode one = new TreeNode(1);
    	TreeNode one_left = new TreeNode(1);
    	TreeNode one_right = new TreeNode(1);
    	TreeNode one_left_left = new TreeNode(1);
    	TreeNode one_left_left_left = new TreeNode(1);
    	one.left = one_left;
    	one.right = one_right;
    	one_left.left = one_left_left;
    	one_right.left = one_left_left_left;
    	System.out.print(minDepth(one));
    }
}

参考文章:
https://www.jianshu.com/p/b086986969e6

本文地址:https://blog.csdn.net/aaqian1/article/details/112002613