MySQL修改默认引擎和字符集详情

一、数据库引擎

1.1 查看数据库引擎

mysql> show engines;
+--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
| engine             | support | comment                                                        | transactions | xa   | savepoints |
+--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
| innodb             | default | supports transactions, row-level locking, and foreign keys     | yes          | yes  | yes        |
| mrg_myisam         | yes     | collection of identical myisam tables                          | no           | no   | no         |
| memory             | yes     | hash based, stored in memory, useful for temporary tables      | no           | no   | no         |
| blackhole          | yes     | /dev/null storage engine (anything you write to it disappears) | no           | no   | no         |
| myisam             | yes     | myisam storage engine                                          | no           | no   | no         |
| csv                | yes     | csv storage engine                                             | no           | no   | no         |
| archive            | yes     | archive storage engine                                         | no           | no   | no         |
| performance_schema | yes     | performance schema                                             | no           | no   | no         |
| federated          | no      | federated mysql storage engine                                 | null         | null | null       |
+--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)

可以看到默认引擎是 innodb。

1.2 修改默认数据库引擎

1.打开配置文件

[root@vm_0_15_centos ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf

2.在最下面编辑如下内容：

default-storage-engine=innodb

3.重启服务

[root@vm_0_15_centos ~]# systemctl restart mysqld

二、数据库字符集

2.1 查看字符集

查看mysql数据库服务器和数据库字符集

mysql> show variables like '%character%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| variable_name            | value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | latin1                     |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | latin1                     |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.01 sec)

字符集	作用
character_set_client	用来设置客户端使用的字符集。
character_set_connection	用来设置连接数据库时的字符集
character_set_database	用来设置默认创建数据库的编码格式
character_set_filesystem	文件系统的编码格式，把操作系统上的文件名转化成此字符集，默认binary是不做任何转换的
character_set_results	查询结果字符集
character_set_server	服务器安装时指定的默认编码格式
character_set_system	系统元数据(字段名等)字符集
character_sets_dir	字符集安装的目录

查看 mysql 所支持的字符集

show charset;

查看库的字符集

show database status from 库名 like  表名;

查看表的字符集

show table status from 库名 like  表名;

查看表中所有列的字符集

show full columns from 表名;

2.2 修改字符集

1.打开配置文件

[root@vm_0_15_centos ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf

2.在最下面编辑如下内容：

character-set-server=utf8
[client]
default-character-set=utf8

3.重启服务并验证

[root@vm_0_15_centos ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
[root@vm_0_15_centos ~]# mysql -uroot -p
enter password: 
welcome to the mysql monitor.  commands end with ; or \g.
your mysql connection id is 2
server version: 5.7.27 mysql community server (gpl)

copyright (c) 2000, 2019, oracle and/or its affiliates. all rights reserved.

oracle is a registered trademark of oracle corporation and/or its
affiliates. other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

type 'help;' or '\h' for help. type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show variables like '%character%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| variable_name            | value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | utf8                       |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | utf8                       |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

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