一个简单的python爬虫,爬取知乎

• 主要实现 爬取一个收藏夹 里 所有问题答案下的 图片

• 文字信息暂未收录，可自行实现，比图片更简单

• 具体代码里有详细注释，请自行阅读

项目源码：

  1 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
  2 
  3 from spider import spiderhtml
  4 from multiprocessing import pool
  5 import sys,urllib,http,os,random,re,time
  6 __author__ = 'waiting'
  7 '''
  8 使用了第三方的类库 beautifulsoup4，请自行安装
  9 需要目录下的spider.py文件
 10 运行环境：python3.4,windows7
 11 '''
 12 
 13 #收藏夹的地址
 14 url = 'https://www.zhihu.com/collection/30822111'  #page参数改为代码添加
 15 
 16 #本地存放的路径,不存在会自动创建
 17 store_path = 'e:\\zhihu\收藏夹\\会员才知道的世界'
 18 
 19 class zhihucollectionspider(spiderhtml):
 20   def __init__(self,pagestart, pageend, url):
 21     self._url = url
 22     self._pagestart = int(pagestart)
 23     self._pageend = int(pageend)+1
 24     self.downlimit = 0            #低于此赞同的答案不收录
 25 
 26   def start(self):
 27     for page in range(self._pagestart,self._pageend):    #收藏夹的页数
 28       url = self._url + '?page='+str(page)
 29       content = self.geturl(url)
 30       questionlist = content.find_all('div',class_='zm-item')
 31       for question in questionlist:            #收藏夹的每个问题
 32         qtitle = question.find('h2',class_='zm-item-title')
 33         if qtitle is none:                #被和谐了
 34           continue
 35 
 36         questionstr = qtitle.a.string
 37         qurl = 'https://www.zhihu.com'+qtitle.a['href']  #问题题目
 38         qtitle = re.sub(r'[\\/:*?"<>]','#',qtitle.a.string)      #windows文件/目录名不支持的特殊符号
 39         try:
 40           print('-----正在获取问题:'+qtitle+'-----')    #获取到问题的链接和标题，进入抓取
 41         except unicodeencodeerror:
 42           print(r'---问题含有特殊字符无法显示---')
 43         try:
 44           qcontent = self.geturl(qurl)
 45         except:
 46           print('!!!!获取出错!!!!!')
 47           pass
 48         answerlist = qcontent.find_all('div',class_='zm-item-answer  zm-item-expanded')
 49         self._processanswer(answerlist,qtitle)            #处理问题的答案
 50         time.sleep(5)
 51 
 52 
 53   def _processanswer(self,answerlist,qtitle):
 54     j = 0      
 55     for answer in answerlist:
 56       j = j + 1
 57       
 58       upvoted = int(answer.find('span',class_='count').string.replace('k','000'))   #获得此答案赞同数
 59       if upvoted < self.downlimit:
 60         continue
 61       authorinfo = answer.find('div',class_='zm-item-answer-author-info')        #获取作者信息
 62       author = {'introduction':'','link':''}
 63       try:
 64         author['name'] = authorinfo.find('a',class_='author-link').string       #获得作者的名字
 65         author['introduction'] = str(authorinfo.find('span',class_='bio')['title']) #获得作者的简介
 66         author['link'] = authorinfo.find('a',class_='author-link')['href']      
 67       except attributeerror:
 68         author['name'] = '匿名用户'+str(j)
 69       except typeerror:                                  #简介为空的情况
 70         pass                                     #匿名用户没有链接
 71 
 72       file_name = os.path.join(store_path,qtitle,'info',author['name']+'_info.txt')
 73       if os.path.exists(file_name):              #已经抓取过
 74         continue
 75   
 76       self.savetext(file_name,'{introduction}\r\n{link}'.format(**author))      #保存作者的信息
 77       print('正在获取用户`{name}`的答案'.format(**author))
 78       answercontent = answer.find('div',class_='zm-editable-content clearfix')
 79       if answercontent is none:                #被举报的用户没有答案内容
 80         continue
 81   
 82       imgs = answercontent.find_all('img')
 83       if len(imgs) == 0:                    #答案没有上图
 84         pass
 85       else:
 86         self._getimgfromanswer(imgs,qtitle,**author)
 87 
 88   #收录图片
 89   def _getimgfromanswer(self,imgs,qtitle,**author):
 90     i = 0
 91     for img in imgs:
 92       if 'inline-image' in img['class']:          #不抓取知乎的小图
 93         continue
 94       i = i + 1
 95       imgurl = img['src']
 96       extension = os.path.splitext(imgurl)[1]
 97       path_name = os.path.join(store_path,qtitle,author['name']+'_'+str(i)+extension)
 98       try:
 99         self.saveimg(imgurl,path_name)          #捕获各种图片异常，流程不中断
100       except:                  
101         pass
102         
103   #收录文字
104   def _gettextfromanswer(self):
105     pass
106 
107 #命令行下运行，例：zhihu.py 1 5   获取1到5页的数据
108 if __name__ == '__main__':
109   page, limit, paramsnum= 1, 0, len(sys.argv)
110   if paramsnum>=3:
111     page, pageend = sys.argv[1], sys.argv[2]
112   elif paramsnum == 2:
113     page = sys.argv[1]
114     pageend = page
115   else:
116     page,pageend = 1,1
117 
118   spider = zhihucollectionspider(page,pageend,url)
119   spider.start()

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