Shell脚本中执行sql语句操作mysql的5种方法

对于自动化运维，诸如备份恢复之类的，dba经常需要将sql语句封装到shell脚本。本文描述了在linux环境下mysql中，shell脚本下调用sql语句的几种方法，供大家参考。对于脚本输出的结果美化，需要进一步完善和调整。以下为具体的示例及其方法。

1、将sql语句直接嵌入到shell脚本文件中

复制代码代码如下:
--演示环境
[root@szdb ~]# more /etc/issue
centos release 5.9 (final)
kernel \r on an \m

root@localhost[(none)]> show variables like 'version';
+---------------+------------+
| variable_name | value |
+---------------+------------+
| version | 5.6.12-log |
+---------------+------------+

[root@szdb ~]# more shell_call_sql1.sh
#!/bin/bash
# define log
timestamp=`date +%y%m%d%h%m%s`
log=call_sql_${timestamp}.log
echo "start execute sql statement at `date`." >>${log}

# execute sql stat
mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "
tee /tmp/temp.log
drop database if exists tempdb;
create database tempdb;
use tempdb
create table if not exists tb_tmp(id smallint,val varchar(20));
insert into tb_tmp values (1,'jack'),(2,'robin'),(3,'mark');
select * from tb_tmp;
notee
quit"

echo -e "\n">>${log}
echo "below is output result.">>${log}
cat /tmp/temp.log>>${log}
echo "script executed successful.">>${log}
exit;

[root@szdb ~]# ./shell_call_sql1.sh
logging to file '/tmp/temp.log'
+------+-------+
| id | val |
+------+-------+
| 1 | jack |
| 2 | robin |
| 3 | mark |
+------+-------+
outfile disabled.

2、命令行调用单独的sql文件

复制代码代码如下:
[root@szdb ~]# more temp.sql
tee /tmp/temp.log
drop database if exists tempdb;
create database tempdb;
use tempdb
create table if not exists tb_tmp(id smallint,val varchar(20));
insert into tb_tmp values (1,'jack'),(2,'robin'),(3,'mark');
select * from tb_tmp;
notee

[root@szdb ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "source /root/temp.sql"
logging to file '/tmp/temp.log'
+------+-------+
| id | val |
+------+-------+
| 1 | jack |
| 2 | robin |
| 3 | mark |
+------+-------+
outfile disabled.

3、使用管道符调用sql文件

复制代码代码如下:
[root@szdb ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 logging to file '/tmp/temp.log'
id val
1 jack
2 robin
3 mark
outfile disabled.

#使用管道符调用sql文件以及输出日志
[root@szdb ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 /tmp/temp.log
[root@szdb ~]# more /tmp/temp.log
logging to file '/tmp/temp.log'
id val
1 jack
2 robin
3 mark
outfile disabled.

4、shell脚本中mysql提示符下调用sql

复制代码代码如下:
[root@szdb ~]# more shell_call_sql2.sh
#!/bin/bash
mysql -uroot -p123456 < source /root/temp.sql;
select current_date();
delete from tempdb.tb_tmp where id=3;
select * from tempdb.tb_tmp where id=2;
eof
exit;
[root@szdb ~]# ./shell_call_sql2.sh
logging to file '/tmp/temp.log'
id val
1 jack
2 robin
3 mark
outfile disabled.
current_date()
2014-10-14
id val
2 robin

5、shell脚本中变量输入与输出

复制代码代码如下:
[root@szdb ~]# more shell_call_sql3.sh
#!/bin/bash
cmd="select count(*) from tempdb.tb_tmp"
cnt=$(mysql -uroot -p123456 -s -e "${cmd}")
echo "current count is : ${cnt}"
exit
[root@szdb ~]# ./shell_call_sql3.sh
warning: using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
current count is : 3

[root@szdb ~]# echo "select count(*) from tempdb.tb_tmp"|mysql -uroot -p123456 -s
3

[root@szdb ~]# more shell_call_sql4.sh
#!/bin/bash
id=1
cmd="select count(*) from tempdb.tb_tmp where id=${id}"
cnt=$(mysql -uroot -p123456 -s -e "${cmd}")
echo "current count is : ${cnt}"
exit

[root@szdb ~]# ./shell_call_sql4.sh
current count is : 1

#以上脚本演示中，作抛砖引玉只用，对于输出的结果不是很规整友好，需要进一步改善和提高。