Duplicate复制数据库并创建物理StandBy（pfile版本）
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2022-06-14 23:41:54
1设定环境如下： Primary数据库 IP 172.17.22.16 SID orcl Standby数据库 IP 172.17.22.17 SID orcl 设置提示，以区分操作的位置 primary数据库 set SQLPROMPT Primary> standby数据库 set SQLPRO ......
1设定环境如下：
primary数据库
| ip | 172.17.22.16 |
| sid | orcl |
standby数据库
| ip | 172.17.22.17 |
| sid | orcl |
设置提示，以区分操作的位置
primary数据库
set sqlprompt primary>
standby数据库
set sqlprompt standby>
1、primary端设置 归档模式+强制日志
确保primary数据库运行在归档模式
primary>archive log list database log mode no archive mode automatic archival disabled archive destination use_db_recovery_file_dest oldest online log sequence 5 current log sequence 7 primary>shutdown immediate; database closed. database dismounted. oracle instance shut down. primary>startup mount oracle instance started. total system global area 3290345472 bytes fixed size 2217832 bytes variable size 1795164312 bytes database buffers 1476395008 bytes redo buffers 16568320 bytes database mounted. primary>alter database archivelog; database altered. primary>alter database open; database altered. primary>archive log list database log mode archive mode automatic archival enabled archive destination use_db_recovery_file_dest oldest online log sequence 5 next log sequence to archive 7 current log sequence 7 primary>
开启强制日志
primary>select force_logging from v$database; for --- no primary>alter database force logging; database altered.
2、standby端创建相关目录
为了和primary库保存相同的结构，我们需要在standby数据库建立相同的目录，首先查询现有primary数据库的相关目录
primary>col name for a30
primary>col value for a100
primary>select name ,value from v$parameter where name in ('audit_file_dest','background_dump_dest','control_files','core_dump_dest','user_dump_dest') order by name asc;
name value
------------------------------ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
audit_file_dest /usr/oracle/app/admin/orcl/adump
background_dump_dest /usr/oracle/app/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace
control_files /usr/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl, /usr/oracle/app/flash_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl
core_dump_dest /usr/oracle/app/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/cdump
user_dump_dest /usr/oracle/app/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace
在standby数据库服务器创建相同的目录
[oracle@oracledb ~]$ mkdir -p /usr/oracle/app/admin/orcl/adump [oracle@oracledb ~]$ mkdir -p /usr/oracle/app/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace [oracle@oracledb ~]$ mkdir -p /usr/oracle/app/oradata/orcl [oracle@oracledb ~]$ mkdir -p /usr/oracle/app/flash_recovery_area/orcl [oracle@oracledb ~]$ mkdir -p /usr/oracle/app/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/ [oracle@oracledb ~]$ mkdir -p /usr/oracle/app/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace
3、创建辅助实例密钥文件
方法一： 直接从primary数据库复制密钥文件过来
[oracle@oracledb dbs]$ scp orapworcl 172.17.22.17:/usr/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs oracle@172.17.22.17's password: orapworcl 100% 1536 1.5kb/s 00:00 [oracle@oracledb dbs]$
方法二： orapwd生成
orapwd file=/usr/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/orapworcl password=wangshengzhuang entries=30;
4、生成standby端的pfile
在primary端根据spfile生产pfile
primary>create pfile from spfile; file created.
修改primary端的pfile内容如下
orcl.__db_cache_size=1476395008 orcl.__java_pool_size=16777216 orcl.__large_pool_size=16777216 orcl.__oracle_base='/usr/oracle/app'#oracle_base set from environment orcl.__pga_aggregate_target=1325400064 orcl.__sga_target=1979711488 orcl.__shared_io_pool_size=0 orcl.__shared_pool_size=436207616 orcl.__streams_pool_size=0 *.audit_file_dest='/usr/oracle/app/admin/orcl/adump' *.audit_trail='db' *.compatible='11.2.0.0.0' *.control_files='/usr/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl','/usr/oracle/app/flash_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl' *.db_block_size=8192 *.db_domain='' *.db_name='orcl' *.db_recovery_file_dest='/usr/oracle/app/flash_recovery_area' *.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4070572032 *.diagnostic_dest='/usr/oracle/app' *.dispatchers='(protocol=tcp) (service=orclxdb)' *.memory_target=3299868672 *.nls_language='simplified chinese' *.nls_territory='china' *.open_cursors=300 *.processes=150 *.remote_login_passwordfile='exclusive' *.undo_tablespace='undotbs1' *.db_unique_name=db_primary *.log_archive_config='dg_config=(db_primary,db_standby)' *.log_archive_dest_2='service=tns_standby arch valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=db_standby' #arch表示同步已归档的日志 *.log_archive_dest_state_2=defer #表示归档目的地暂时不可用 *.fal_server=tns_standby *.fal_client=tns_primary *.standby_file_management=auto
primary端重新启动
primary>create spfile from pfile; file created. primary>startup oracle instance started. total system global area 3290345472 bytes fixed size 2217832 bytes variable size 1795164312 bytes database buffers 1476395008 bytes redo buffers 16568320 bytes database mounted. database opened. primary>show parameter fal name type value ------------------------------------ ---------------------- ------------------------------ fal_client string tns_primary #tns_primary为主服务器的网络服务名 fal_server string tns_standby
复制生成的initorcl.ora到standby的$oracle_home/dbs目录下
[oracle@oracledb dbs]$ pwd /usr/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs [oracle@oracledb dbs]$ scp initorcl.ora 172.17.22.17:/usr/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs the authenticity of host '172.17.22.17 (172.17.22.17)' can't be established. rsa key fingerprint is 72:28:f5:f9:9c:f8:49:23:48:6d:9d:d4:0e:0c:89:71. are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes warning: permanently added '172.17.22.17' (rsa) to the list of known hosts. oracle@172.17.22.17's password: initorcl.ora 100% 1291 1.3kb/s 00:00 [oracle@oracledb dbs]$
修改standbyd端的initorcl.ora文件，内容如下
orcl.__db_cache_size=1476395008 orcl.__java_pool_size=16777216 orcl.__large_pool_size=16777216 orcl.__oracle_base='/usr/oracle/app'#oracle_base set from environment orcl.__pga_aggregate_target=1325400064 orcl.__sga_target=1979711488 orcl.__shared_io_pool_size=0 orcl.__shared_pool_size=436207616 orcl.__streams_pool_size=0 *.audit_file_dest='/usr/oracle/app/admin/orcl/adump' *.audit_trail='db' *.compatible='11.2.0.0.0' *.control_files='/usr/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl','/usr/oracle/app/flash_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl' *.db_block_size=8192 *.db_domain='' *.db_name='orcl' *.db_recovery_file_dest='/usr/oracle/app/flash_recovery_area' *.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4070572032 *.diagnostic_dest='/usr/oracle/app' *.dispatchers='(protocol=tcp) (service=orclxdb)' *.memory_target=3299868672 *.nls_language='simplified chinese' *.nls_territory='china' *.open_cursors=300 *.processes=150 *.remote_login_passwordfile='exclusive' *.undo_tablespace='undotbs1' *.db_unique_name=db_standby *.log_archive_config='dg_config=(db_primary,db_standby)' *.log_archive_dest_2='service=tns_primary arch valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=db_primary' #arch为已归档日志 *.log_archive_dest_state_2=enable #备用的连接到主的可以开启,因为此时主同步日志到备未启用 *.fal_server=tns_primary *.fal_client=tns_standby *.standby_file_management=auto
通过复制的pfile创建standby数据库的spfile
standby> create spfile from pfile; file created.
启动到nomount环境
sql> startup nomount oracle instance started. total system global area 3290345472 bytes fixed size 2217832 bytes variable size 1795164312 bytes database buffers 1476395008 bytes redo buffers 16568320 bytes
5、配置监听服务
primary端监听
# listener.ora network configuration file: /usr/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# generated by oracle configuration tools.
listener =
(description_list =
(description =
(address = (protocol = ipc)(key = extproc1521))
(address = (protocol = tcp)(host = 172.17.22.16)(port = 1521))
)
)
adr_base_listener = /usr/oracle/app
standby端监听（配置了静态监听 服务名global_dbname = standby）
# listener.ora network configuration file: /usr/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# generated by oracle configuration tools.
#红色字体为静态监听,后面duplicate需要用到静态监听注册
sid_list_listener =
(sid_list =
(sid_desc =
(global_dbname = standby)
(oracle_home =/usr/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
(sid_name = orcl)
)
)
listener =
(description_list =
(description =
(address = (protocol = ipc)(key = extproc1521))
(address = (protocol = tcp)(host = 172.17.22.17)(port = 1521))
)
)
adr_base_listener = /usr/oracle/app
启动standby端监听
[oracle@oracledb admin]$ lsnrctl start lsnrctl for linux: version 11.2.0.1.0 - production on 23-dec-2015 15:48:15 copyright (c) 1991, 2009, oracle. all rights reserved. starting /usr/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait... tnslsnr for linux: version 11.2.0.1.0 - production system parameter file is /usr/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora log messages written to /usr/oracle/app/diag/tnslsnr/oracledb/listener/alert/log.xml listening on: (description=(address=(protocol=ipc)(key=extproc1521))) listening on: (description=(address=(protocol=tcp)(host=172.17.22.17)(port=1521))) connecting to (description=(address=(protocol=ipc)(key=extproc1521))) status of the listener ------------------------ alias listener version tnslsnr for linux: version 11.2.0.1.0 - production start date 23-dec-2015 15:48:16 uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec trace level off security on: local os authentication snmp off listener parameter file /usr/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora listener log file /usr/oracle/app/diag/tnslsnr/oracledb/listener/alert/log.xml listening endpoints summary... (description=(address=(protocol=ipc)(key=extproc1521))) (description=(address=(protocol=tcp)(host=172.17.22.17)(port=1521))) services summary... service "standby" has 1 instance(s). instance "orcl", status unknown, has 1 handler(s) for this service... the command completed successfully
6、配置网络服务名，并测试互通性
primary端和standby端都要进行如下配置：
tns_primary =
(description =
(address = (protocol = tcp)(host = 172.17.22.16)(port = 1521))
(connect_data =
(server = dedicated)
(service_name = db_primary)
)
)
tns_standby =
(description =
(address = (protocol = tcp)(host = 172.17.22.17)(port = 1521))
(connect_data =
(server = dedicated)
(service_name =standby )
)
)
***********************************************************************************************
service_name 的值参考lsnrctl的输出，确保用sqlplus工具或者navicact工具能够连接service_name
因为fal_server 会使用服务名，如果配置不正确，这归档日志无法正常发送
***********************************************************************************************
在primary端和standby端都进行测试（为了角色切换）
[oracle@oracledb admin]$ tnsping tns_primary tns ping utility for linux: version 11.2.0.1.0 - production on 23-dec-2015 15:48:44 copyright (c) 1997, 2009, oracle. all rights reserved. used parameter files: /usr/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/sqlnet.ora used tnsnames adapter to resolve the alias attempting to contact (description = (address = (protocol = tcp)(host = 172.17.22.16)(port = 1521)) (connect_data = (server = dedicated) (service_name = orcl))) ok (0 msec) [oracle@oracledb admin]$ tnsping tns_standby tns ping utility for linux: version 11.2.0.1.0 - production on 23-dec-2015 15:48:49 copyright (c) 1997, 2009, oracle. all rights reserved. used parameter files: /usr/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/sqlnet.ora used tnsnames adapter to resolve the alias attempting to contact (description = (address = (protocol = tcp)(host = 172.17.22.17)(port = 1521)) (connect_data = (server = dedicated) (service_name = orcl))) ok (0 msec)
7、duplicate standby
rman连接两个数据库
[oracle@oracledb admin]$ rman target sys/primary_password@tns_primary auxiliary sys/standby_password@tns_standby recovery manager: release 11.2.0.1.0 - production on wed dec 23 16:11:51 2015 copyright (c) 1982, 2009, oracle and/or its affiliates. all rights reserved. connected to target database: orcl (dbid=1426832466) connected to auxiliary database: orcl (not mounted)
开始复制
rman> duplicate target database for standby from active database dorecover nofilenamecheck; starting duplicate db at 23-dec-15 using target database control file instead of recovery catalog allocated channel: ora_aux_disk_1 channel ora_aux_disk_1: sid=20 device type=disk rman-00571: =========================================================== rman-00569: =============== error message stack follows =============== rman-00571: =========================================================== rman-03002: failure of duplicate db command at 12/23/2015 16:13:38 rman-05541: no archived logs found in target database
primary端切换下日志，重写执行rman duplicate即可
8、启用日志传送
primary>show parameter log_archive_dest_state_2 name type value ------------------------------------ ---------------------- ------------------------------ log_archive_dest_state_2 string defer #当前主的还未启用 log_archive_dest_state_20 string enable log_archive_dest_state_21 string enable log_archive_dest_state_22 string enable log_archive_dest_state_23 string enable log_archive_dest_state_24 string enable log_archive_dest_state_25 string enable log_archive_dest_state_26 string enable log_archive_dest_state_27 string enable log_archive_dest_state_28 string enable log_archive_dest_state_29 string enable
primary>alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2=enable; system altered.
8、验证结果
查询primary数据库角色
primary>select database_role from v$database; database_role -------------------------------- primary
查询standby数据库角色
standby>select database_role from v$database; database_role -------------------------------- physical standby standby>
primary端插入一条数据
primary> insert into "scott"."dept" ("deptno", "dname", "loc") values ('12', 'operations', 'operations');
row created.
primary>commit;
commit complete.
primary>alter system switch logfile;
system altered.
standby端：启动redo应用; 暂停redo应用 ; 打开数据库; 查询数据是否被同步过来了
standby>alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session; #standby端应用redo database altered. standby>alter database recover managed standby database cancel; #取消应用redo database altered. standby>alter database open; #打开数据库 database altered. standby>select open_mode from v$database; #standby是只读状态 open_mode ---------------------------------------- read only standby>
见证奇迹的时刻
standby>select * from scott.dept; deptno dname loc ---------- ---------------------------- -------------------------- accounting new york research dallas sales chicago operations boston operations operations
9、启用实时应用redo
添加redo log
首先查询当前redo log的大小、位置
primary>col group# for 9
primary>col status for a10
primary>col type for a10
primary>col member for a50;
primary>col is_rec for a10
primary>select * from v$logfile;
group# status type member is_rec
------ ---------- ---------- -------------------------------------------------- ------
online /usr/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/redo03.log no
online /usr/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/redo02.log no
online /usr/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/redo01.log no
primary>select * from v$log;
group# thread# sequence# bytes blocksize members archiv status first_change# first_time next_change# next_time
------ ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ------ ---------- ------------- ------------ ------------ ------------
1 10 52428800 512 1 no current 1029234 23-dec-15 2.8147e+14
1 8 52428800 512 1 yes inactive 1028340 23-dec-15 1028421 23-dec-15
1 9 52428800 512 1 yes inactive 1028421 23-dec-15 1029234 23-dec-15
当前有三组、每组1个member、大小为50m, 我们增加四组，每组1个member，大小为50m
primary>alter database add standby logfile group 4('/usr/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/stbyredolog4a.log') size 50 m;
database altered.
primary>alter database add standby logfile group 5('/usr/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/stbyredolog5a.log') size 50 m;
database altered.
primary>alter database add standby logfile group 6('/usr/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/stbyredolog6a.log') size 50 m;
database altered.
primary>alter database add standby logfile group 7('/usr/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/stbyredolog7a.log') size 50 m;
database altered.
查看结果：
primary>select * from v$logfile;
group# status type member is_rec
------ ---------- ---------- -------------------------------------------------- ------
online /usr/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/redo03.log no
online /usr/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/redo02.log no
online /usr/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/redo01.log no
standby /usr/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/stbyredolog4a.log no
standby /usr/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/stbyredolog5a.log no
standby /usr/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/stbyredolog6a.log no
standby /usr/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/stbyredolog7a.log no
rows selected.
同理在standby端做相同的操作
standby>alter database add standby logfile group 4('/usr/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/stbyredolog4a.log') size 50 m;
database altered.
standby>alter database add standby logfile group 5('/usr/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/stbyredolog5a.log') size 50 m;
database altered.
standby>alter database add standby logfile group 6('/usr/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/stbyredolog6a.log') size 50 m;
database altered.
standby>alter database add standby logfile group 7('/usr/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/stbyredolog7a.log') size 50 m;
database altered.
standby>select * from v$logfile;
group# status type member is_rec
------ ---------- ---------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------
online /usr/oracle/app/flash_recovery_area/db_standby/onlinelog/o1_mf_3_c7np1p97_.log yes
online /usr/oracle/app/flash_recovery_area/db_standby/onlinelog/o1_mf_2_c7np1osm_.log yes
online /usr/oracle/app/flash_recovery_area/db_standby/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_c7np1od8_.log yes
standby /usr/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/stbyredolog4a.log no
standby /usr/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/stbyredolog5a.log no
standby /usr/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/stbyredolog6a.log no
standby /usr/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/stbyredolog7a.log no
更改primary和standby端的log_archive_dest_2
primary>show parameter log_archive_dest_2
name type value
------------------------------------ ---------- ------------------------------
log_archive_dest_2 string service=tns_standby arch valid
_for=(online_logfiles,primary_
role) db_unique_name=db_standb
y
log_archive_dest_20 string
log_archive_dest_21 string
log_archive_dest_22 string
log_archive_dest_23 string
log_archive_dest_24 string
log_archive_dest_25 string
log_archive_dest_26 string
log_archive_dest_27 string
log_archive_dest_28 string
log_archive_dest_29 string
primary>alter system set log_archive_dest_2='service=tns_standby lgwr valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=db_standby';
#以前此处为arch,
system altered.
primary>show parameter log_archive_dest_2
name type value
------------------------------------ ---------- ------------------------------
log_archive_dest_2 string service=tns_standby lgwr valid
_for=(online_logfiles,primary_
role) db_unique_name=db_standb
y
log_archive_dest_20 string
log_archive_dest_21 string
log_archive_dest_22 string
log_archive_dest_23 string
log_archive_dest_24 string
log_archive_dest_25 string
log_archive_dest_26 string
log_archive_dest_27 string
log_archive_dest_28 string
log_archive_dest_29 string
primary>
更改standby端的log_archive_dest_2
standby>alter system set log_archive_dest_2='service=tns_primary lgwr valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=db_primary';
启用实时standby端redo应用
standby>alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session; #因为更改成了lgwr来传递,所以需要使用实时
验证：
首先在primay端插入一条数据：
primary>select * from scott.dept;
deptno dname loc
---------- ---------------------------- --------------------------
accounting new york
research dallas
sales chicago
operations boston
operations operations
primary>insert into "scott"."dept" ("deptno", "dname", "loc") values ('13', 'operations', 'operations');
row created.
primary>commit;
commit complete.
standby端查看
standby>select * from scott.dept;
deptno dname loc
---------- ---------------------------- --------------------------
accounting new york
research dallas
sales chicago
operations boston
operations operations
operations operations
rows selected.
10、switchover
备库暂停 redo应用
standby>alter database recover managed standby database cancel; #取消redo应用 database altered.
查询主库是否支持switchover操作
primary> select switchover_status from v$database; switchover_status ---------------------------------------- to standby
查询备库是否支持switchover操作
standby> select switchover_status from v$database; switchover_status ---------------------------------------- not allowed
not allowed是因为主库还未切换为standby
switchover，primary切换为物理standby，切换后查看数据库角色、打开模式、
primary>alter database commit to switchover to physical standby; #将当前primary角色切换到物理standby database altered. primary>shutdown immediate; ora-01507: database not mounted oracle instance shut down. primary>startup oracle instance started. total system global area 3290345472 bytes fixed size 2217832 bytes variable size 1795164312 bytes database buffers 1476395008 bytes redo buffers 16568320 bytes database mounted. database opened. primary>select open_mode from v$database; open_mode ---------------------------------------- read only primary>select database_role from v$database; database_role -------------------------------- physical standby primary>
物理standby切换为primary
standby>select switchover_status from v$database; switchover_status ---------------------------------------- to primary standby> alter database commit to switchover to primary; #standby切换到primary database altered. standby>alter database open; database altered. standby>select open_mode from v$database; open_mode ---------------------------------------- read write standby>select database_role from v$database; database_role -------------------------------- primary standby>
常用查询
1、查询进程的活动状态
select process,client_process,sequence#,status from v$managed_standby;
2、查询redo应用进度
select dest_name,archived_thread#,archived_seq#,applied_thread#,applied_seq#,db_unique_name from v$archive_dest_status where status ='valid';
3、查询归档文件路径及创建信息
select name,creator,sequence#,applied,completion_time from v$archived_log;
4、查询归档历史
select first_time,first_change#,next_change#,sequence# from v$log_history; select thread#,sequence#,applied from v$archived_log;
5、参看数据库的基本信息
select database_role,db_unique_name,open_mode,protection_mode,protection_level,switchover_status from v$database;
6、查询redo应用及redo传输服务的活动状态
select database_role,db_unique_name,open_mode,protection_mode,protection_level,switchover_status from v$database;
7、检查应用模式
standby>select recovery_mode from v$archive_dest_status where dest_id=2; recovery_mode ---------------------------------------------- idle
取值
idle
managed：
managed real_time_apply：