我的Python爬虫入门到项目研发心得笔记
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2022-03-10 22:08:50
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这是我的第一个python项目，在这里与大家分享出来~
需求
我们目前正在开发一款产品其功能大致是：用户收到短信如：购买了电影票或者火车票机票之类的事件。然后app读取短信，解析短信，获取时间地点，然后后台自动建立一个备忘录，在事件开始前1小时提醒用户。
设计
开始我们将解析的功能放在了服务端，但是后来考虑到用户隐私问题。后来将解析功能放到了app端，服务端只负责收集数据，然后将新数据发送给app端。
关于服务端主要是分离出两个功能，一、响应app端请求返回数据。二、爬取数据，存入数据库。
响应请求返回数据使用java来做，而爬取数据存入数据库使用python来做，这样分别使用不同语言来做是因为这两种语言各有优势，java效率比python高些，适合做web端，而爬取数据并不是太追求性能且python语言和大量的库适合做爬虫。
代码
本项目使用python3的版本
源码可在我的码云上下载：https://gitee.com/Mrcmc/py-scratch
了解这个项目你只需要有简单的python基础，能了解python语法就可以。其实我自己也是python没学完，然后就开始写，遇到问题就百度，边做边学这样才不至于很枯燥，也欢迎爱好Python的人跟小编交流切磋一下！小编推荐一个学python的学习群315346913。python可以做一些很有意思的事情，比如模拟连续登录挣积分，比如我最近在写一个预定模范出行车子的python脚本。
下面咱们按顺序，从上往下一个一个文件的讲解init.py包的标识文件，python包就是文件夹，当改文件夹下有一个init.py文件后它就成为一个package，我在这个包中引入一些py供其他py调用。
init.py
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
# import need manager module
import MongoUtil
import FileUtil
import conf_dev
import conf_test
import scratch_airport_name
import scratch_flight_number
import scratch_movie_name
import scratch_train_number
import scratch_train_station
import MainUtil
下面两个是配置文件，第一个是开发环境的（windows），第二个是测试环境的（linux），然后再根据不同系统启用不同的配置文件
conf_dev.py
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
# the configuration file of develop environment
# path configure
data_root_path = 'E:/APK98_GNBJ_SMARTSERVER/Proj-gionee-data/smart/data'
# mongodb configure
user = "cmc"
pwd = "123456"
server = "localhost"
port = "27017"
db_name = "smartdb"
conf_test.py
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
# the configuration file of test environment
#path configure
data_root_path = '/data/app/smart/data'
#mongodb configure
user = "smart"
pwd = "123456"
server = "10.8.0.30"
port = "27017"
db_name = "smartdb"
下面文件是一个util文件，主要是读取原文件的内容，还有将新内容写入原文件。
FileUtil.py
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
import conf_dev
import conf_test
import platform
# configure Multi-confronment
# 判断当前系统，并引入相对的配置文件
platform_os = platform.system()
config = conf_dev
if (platform_os == 'Linux'):
config = conf_test
# path
data_root_path = config.data_root_path
# load old data
def read(resources_file_path, encode='utf-8'):
file_path = data_root_path + resources_file_path
outputs = []
for line in open(file_path, encoding=encode):
if not line.startswith("//"):
outputs.append(line.strip('\n').split(',')[-1])
return outputs
# append new data to file from scratch
def append(resources_file_path, data, encode='utf-8'):
file_path = data_root_path + resources_file_path
with open(file_path, 'a', encoding=encode) as f:
f.write(data)
f.close
下面这个main方法控制着执行流程，其他的执行方法调用这个main方法
MainUtil.py
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
import sys
from datetime import datetime
import MongoUtil
import FileUtil
# @param resources_file_path 资源文件的path
# @param base_url 爬取的连接
# @param scratch_func 爬取的方法
def main(resources_file_path, base_url, scratch_func):
old_data = FileUtil.read(resources_file_path) #读取原资源
new_data = scratch_func(base_url, old_data) #爬取新资源
if new_data: #如果新数据不为空
date_new_data = "//" + datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d') + "\n" + "\n".join(new_data) + "\n" #在新数据前面加上当前日期
FileUtil.append(resources_file_path, date_new_data) #将新数据追加到文件中
MongoUtil.insert(resources_file_path, date_new_data) #将新数据插入到mongodb数据库中
else: #如果新数据为空，则打印日志
print(datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'), '----', getattr(scratch_func, '__name__'), ": nothing to update ")
将更新的内容插入mongodb中
MongoUtil.py
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
import platform
from pymongo import MongoClient
from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
import conf_dev
import conf_test
# configure Multi-confronment
platform_os = platform.system()
config = conf_dev
if (platform_os == 'Linux'):
config = conf_test
# mongodb
uri = 'mongodb://' + config.user + ':' + config.pwd + '@' + config.server + ':' + config.port + '/' + config.db_name
# 将数据写入mongodb
# @author chenmc
# @param uri connect to mongodb
# @path save mongodb field
# @data save mongodb field
# @operation save mongodb field default value 'append'
# @date 2017/12/07 16:30
# 先在mongodb中插入一条自增数据 db.sequence.insert({ "_id" : "version","seq" : 1})
def insert(path, data, operation='append'):
client = MongoClient(uri)
resources = client.smartdb.resources
sequence = client.smartdb.sequence
seq = sequence.find_one({"_id": "version"})["seq"] #获取自增id
sequence.update_one({"_id": "version"}, {"$inc": {"seq": 1}}) #自增id+1
post_data = {"_class": "com.gionee.smart.domain.entity.Resources", "version": seq, "path": path,
"content": data, "status": "enable", "operation": operation,
"createtime": datetime.now(timezone(timedelta(hours=8)))}
resources.insert(post_data) #插入数据
项目引入的第三方库，可使用pip install -r requirements.txt下载第三方库
requirements.txt
# need to install module# need to install module
bs4
pymongo
requests
json
下面真正的执行方法来了，这五个py分别表示爬取五种信息：机场名、航班号、电影名、列车号、列车站。他们的结构都差不多，如下:
第一部分：定义查找的url；
第二部分：获取并与旧数据比较，返回新数据；
第三部分：main方法，执行写入新数据到文件和mongodb中；
scratch_airport_name.py：爬取全国机场
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
import requests
import bs4
import json
import MainUtil
resources_file_path = '/resources/airplane/airportNameList.ini'
scratch_url_old = 'https://data.variflight.com/profiles/profilesapi/search'
scratch_url = 'https://data.variflight.com/analytics/codeapi/initialList'
get_city_url = 'https://data.variflight.com/profiles/Airports/%s'
#传入查找网页的url和旧数据，然后本方法会比对原数据中是否有新的条目，如果有则不加入，如果没有则重新加入，最后返回新数据
def scratch_airport_name(scratch_url, old_airports):
new_airports = []
data = requests.get(scratch_url).text
all_airport_json = json.loads(data)['data']
for airport_by_word in all_airport_json.values():
for airport in airport_by_word:
if airport['fn'] not in old_airports:
get_city_uri = get_city_url % airport['id']
data2 = requests.get(get_city_uri).text
soup = bs4.BeautifulSoup(data2, "html.parser")
city = soup.find('span', text="城市").next_sibling.text
new_airports.append(city + ',' + airport['fn'])
return new_airports
#main方法，执行这个py，默认调用main方法，相当于java的main
if __name__ == '__main__':
MainUtil.main(resources_file_path, scratch_url, scratch_airport_name)
scratch_flight_number.py：爬取全国航班号
#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
import requests
import bs4
import MainUtil
resources_file_path = '/resources/airplane/flightNameList.ini'
scratch_url = 'http://www.variflight.com/sitemap.html?AE71649A58c77='
def scratch_flight_number(scratch_url, old_flights):
new_flights = []
data = requests.get(scratch_url).text
soup = bs4.BeautifulSoup(data, "html.parser")
a_flights = soup.find('div', class_='list').find_all('a', recursive=False)
for flight in a_flights:
if flight.text not in old_flights and flight.text != '国内航段列表':
new_flights.append(flight.text)
return new_flights
if __name__ == '__main__':
MainUtil.main(resources_file_path, scratch_url, scratch_flight_number)
scratch_movie_name.py：爬取最近上映的电影
#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
import re
import requests
import bs4
import json
import MainUtil
# 相对路径，也是需要将此路径存入数据库
resources_file_path = '/resources/movie/cinemaNameList.ini'
scratch_url = 'http://theater.mtime.com/China_Beijing/'
# scratch data with define url
def scratch_latest_movies(scratch_url, old_movies):
data = requests.get(scratch_url).text
soup = bs4.BeautifulSoup(data, "html.parser")
new_movies = []
new_movies_json = json.loads(
soup.find('script', text=re.compile("var hotplaySvList")).text.split("=")[1].replace(";", ""))
coming_movies_data = soup.find_all('li', class_='i_wantmovie')
# 上映的电影
for movie in new_movies_json:
move_name = movie['Title']
if move_name not in old_movies:
new_movies.append(movie['Title'])
# 即将上映的电影
for coming_movie in coming_movies_data:
coming_movie_name = coming_movie.h3.a.text
if coming_movie_name not in old_movies and coming_movie_name not in new_movies:
new_movies.append(coming_movie_name)
return new_movies
if __name__ == '__main__':
MainUtil.main(resources_file_path, scratch_url, scratch_latest_movies)
scratch_train_number.py：爬取全国列车号
#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
import requests
import bs4
import json
import MainUtil
resources_file_path = '/resources/train/trainNameList.ini'
scratch_url = 'http://www.59178.com/checi/'
def scratch_train_number(scratch_url, old_trains):
new_trains = []
resp = requests.get(scratch_url)
data = resp.text.encode(resp.encoding).decode('gb2312')
soup = bs4.BeautifulSoup(data, "html.parser")
a_trains = soup.find('table').find_all('a')
for train in a_trains:
if train.text not in old_trains and train.text:
new_trains.append(train.text)
return new_trains
if __name__ == '__main__':
MainUtil.main(resources_file_path, scratch_url, scratch_train_number)
scratch_train_station.py：爬取全国列车站
#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
import requests
import bs4
import random
import MainUtil
resources_file_path = '/resources/train/trainStationNameList.ini'
scratch_url = 'http://www.smskb.com/train/'
def scratch_train_station(scratch_url, old_stations):
new_stations = []
provinces_eng = (
"Anhui", "Beijing", "Chongqing", "Fujian", "Gansu", "Guangdong", "Guangxi", "Guizhou", "Hainan", "Hebei",
"Heilongjiang", "Henan", "Hubei", "Hunan", "Jiangsu", "Jiangxi", "Jilin", "Liaoning", "Ningxia", "Qinghai",
"Shandong", "Shanghai", "Shanxi", "Shanxisheng", "Sichuan", "Tianjin", "Neimenggu", "Xianggang", "*",
"Xizang",
"Yunnan", "Zhejiang")
provinces_chi = (
"安徽", "北京", "重庆", "福建", "甘肃", "广东", "广西", "贵州", "海南", "河北",
"黑龙江", "河南", "湖北", "湖南", "江苏", "江西", "吉林", "辽宁", "宁夏", "青海",
"山东", "上海", "陕西", "山西", "四川", "天津", "内蒙古", "香港", "*", "*",
"云南", "浙江")
for i in range(0, provinces_eng.__len__(), 1):
cur_url = scratch_url + provinces_eng[i] + ".htm"
resp = requests.get(cur_url)
data = resp.text.encode(resp.encoding).decode('gbk')
soup = bs4.BeautifulSoup(data, "html.parser")
a_stations = soup.find('left').find('table').find_all('a')
for station in a_stations:
if station.text not in old_stations:
new_stations.append(provinces_chi[i] + ',' + station.text)
return new_stations
if __name__ == '__main__':
MainUtil.main(resources_file_path, scratch_url, scratch_train_station)
将项目放到测试服务器(centos7系统)中运行起来，我写了一个crontab，定时调用他们，下面贴出crontab。
/etc/crontab
SHELL=/bin/bash
PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
MAILTO=root
# For details see man 4 crontabs
# Example of job definition:
# .---------------- minute (0 - 59)
# | .------------- hour (0 - 23)
# | | .---------- day of month (1 - 31)
# | | | .------- month (1 - 12) OR jan,feb,mar,apr ...
# | | | | .---- day of week (0 - 6) (Sunday=0 or 7) OR sun,mon,tue,wed,thu,fri,sat
# | | | | |
# * * * * * user-name command to be executed
0 0 * * * root python3 /data/app/smart/py/scratch_movie_name.py >> /data/logs/smartpy/out.log 2>&1
0 1 * * 1 root python3 /data/app/smart/py/scratch_train_station.py >> /data/logs/smartpy/out.log 2>&1
0 2 * * 2 root python3 /data/app/smart/py/scratch_train_number.py >> /data/logs/smartpy/out.log 2>&1
0 3 * * 4 root python3 /data/app/smart/py/scratch_flight_number.py >> /data/logs/smartpy/out.log 2>&1
0 4 * * 5 root python3 /data/app/smart/py/scratch_airport_name.py >> /data/logs/smartpy/out.log 2>&1
以上就是小编今天为大家总结的Python爬虫代码笔记。
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