部署维护docker环境的详细教程

1,安装环境说明

系统环境：centos6.6

服务应用了:  haproxy  confd   etcd   docker

主机名               ip　　　　  服务角色

dockerha-152    　　192.168.36.152    haproxy confd

dockeretcd-153     192.168.36.153      etcd

dockermain-154    192.168.36.154    docker

2,安装依懒包，关闭冲突的服务

官方文档要求linux kernel至少3.8以上，且docker只能运行在64位的系统中。由于rhel6和centos6的内核版本为2.6，因此必须要先升级内核。

cd /etc/yum.repos.d 
wget http://www.hop5.in/yum/el6/hop5.repo
yum install kernel-ml-aufs kernel-ml-aufs-devel -y

修改grub的主配置文件/etc/grub.conf，设置default=0，表示第一个title下的内容为默认启动的kernel（一般新安装的内核在第一个位置）。

然后重启，重启系统，这时候你的内核就成功升级了,版本应该在３.８以上了，

uname -r 
[root@dockermain-154 shell]# uname -r

3.10.5-3.el6.x86_64

sed -i '/^selinux=/c\selinux=disabled' /etc/selinux/config
setenforce 0

在fedora epel源中已经提供了docker-io包，下载安装epel：

rpm -ivh http://mirrors.sohu.com/fedora-epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm 
sed -i 's/^mirrorlist=https/mirrorlist=http/' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo

3,安装组件

(1)haproxy confd

dockerha-152上操作

1、haproxy 

# yum –y install haproxy 

2、confd 

# wget https://github.com/kelseyhightower/confd/releases/download/v0.6.3/confd-0.6.3-linux-amd64 
# mv confd /usr/local/bin/confd 
# chmod +x /usr/local/bin/confd 
# /usr/local/bin/confd -version 

(2)etcd

dockeretcd-153上操作

# mkdir -p /home/install && cd /home/install 
# wget https://github.com/coreos/etcd/releases/download/v0.4.6/etcd-v0.4.6-linux-amd64.tar.gz 
# tar -zxvf etcd-v0.4.6-linux-amd64.tar.gz 
# cd etcd-v0.4.6-linux-amd64 
# cp etcd* /bin/ 
# /bin/etcd -version 
etcd version 0.4.6 

(3)docker

# yum -y install docker-io 
# service docker start 
# chkconfig docker on 

4,docker命令使用

(1)查看帮助

docker command --help

(2)搜索可用的境像

docker search name 如示例：

[root@dockermain-154 src]# docker search centos
name        description          stars  official automated
centos        the official build of centos.     817  [ok]  
ansible/centos7-ansible    ansible on centos7        30     [ok]
tutum/centos      centos image with ssh access. for the root... 13     [ok]
jdeathe/centos-ssh-apache-php  centos-6 6.5 x86_64 / apache / php / php m... 8     [ok]
blalor/centos      bare-bones base centos 6.5 image    8     [ok]
jprjr/centos-php-fpm                6     [ok]
steeef/graphite-centos    centos 6.x with graphite and carbon via ng... 6     [ok]
tutum/centos-6.4     deprecated. use tutum/centos:6.4 instead. ... 5     [ok]
layerworx/centos     a general centos 6 image with the epel6 an... 2     [ok]
jr42/chef-solo-centos    official centos base images with current c... 1     [ok]
million12/centos-supervisor   base centos-7 with supervisord launcher, h... 1     [ok]
internavenue/centos-percona   centos-based percona image.      1     [ok]
jdeathe/centos-ssh     centos-6 6.5 x86_64 / epel repo. / openssh... 1     [ok]
jdeathe/centos-ssh-mysql   centos-6 6.5 x86_64 / mysql. image include... 1     [ok]
yajo/centos-epel     centos with epel and fully updated    1     [ok]
nimmis/java-centos     this is docker images of centos 7 with dif... 0     [ok]
lighthopper/orientdb-centos   a dockerfile for creating an orientdb imag... 0     [ok]
bbrietzke/centos-starter   centos 7 with epel and supervisord    0     [ok]
tcnksm/centos-node     dockerfile for centos packaging node   0     [ok]
insaneworks/centos     centos 6.5 x86_64 + @update      0     [ok]
snowyday/centos      provide for emacs and ricty font on x11 en... 0     [ok]
dmglab/centos      centos with superpowers!      0     [ok]
akroh/centos      centos 6 container that has been updated w... 0     [ok]
timhughes/centos     centos with systemd installed and running  0     [ok]
solict/provisionous-puppet-centos centos provisions with puppet included   0     [ok]

(3)下载镜像

注意镜像名称要写全，就是用docker search name 搜出来的name列的名称。

docker pull name　如示例：

[root@dockermain-154 src]# docker pull jdeathe/centos-ssh-apache-php
pulling repository jdeathe/centos-ssh-apache-php
........
62203f428b1f: download complete 
e1812755a4ca: download complete 
0910edda3736: download complete 
status: downloaded newer image for jdeathe/centos-ssh-apache-php:latest

(4)查看已安装的镜像

[root@dockermain-154 src]# docker images
repository      tag     image id   created    virtual size
centos       latest    dade6cb4530a  10 days ago   210.1 mb
jdeathe/centos-ssh-apache-php latest    f1a489312a4a  3 months ago  297.7 mb

(5)docker容器中运行命令

docker run命令有两个参数，一个是镜像名，一个是要在镜像中运行的命令。 注意：image=repository[:tag]，如果image参数不指定镜像的tag，默认tag为latest。

[root@dockermain-154 run]# sudo docker run jdeathe/centos-ssh-apache-php echo 'hello world!'
hello world!
[root@dockermain-154 run]# sudo docker run jdeathe/centos-ssh-apache-php hostname
db7e1d2269fb

(6)列出容器

 查看最近生成的容器：docker ps -l

 查看正在运行的容器：docker ps

 [root@dockermain-154 run]# docker ps -l
container id  image         command    created    status      ports    names
db7e1d2269fb  jdeathe/centos-ssh-apache-php:latest "hostname"   27 seconds ago  exited (0) 26 seconds ago      adoring_babbage 

(7)显示容器标准输出

[root@dockermain-154 run]# docker ps -l
container id  image         command    created    status      ports    names
db7e1d2269fb  jdeathe/centos-ssh-apache-php:latest "hostname"   27 seconds ago  exited (0) 26 seconds ago      adoring_babbage  
[root@dockermain-154 run]# docker logs db7e1d2269fb
db7e1d2269fb

(8)给容器中安装程序或服务

[root@dockermain-154 run]# sudo docker run centos yum install -y httpd
loaded plugins: fastestmirror
..........

dependency installed:

 apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-3.el7              
 apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7             
 centos-logos.noarch 0:70.0.6-1.el7.centos          
 httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-19.el7.centos          
 mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7            

failed:

  httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-19.el7.centos                                           

complete!

(9)保存对容器中的修改并生成新的镜像

docker commit containerid [repository[:tag]]

repository参数可以是新的镜像名字，也可以是旧的镜像名；如果和旧的镜像名和tag都相同，会覆盖掉旧的镜像。

[root@dockermain-154 ~]# docker commit bd7cc4f4ac92 centos:httpd
1e0915f3247b86414ebc11fd994fc6abfb590ff3b1ab890949c845ee88b2d9f4
[root@dockermain-154 ~]# docker images
repository      tag     image id   created    virtual size
centos       httpd    1e0915f3247b  9 seconds ago  320.8 mb
centos       latest    dade6cb4530a  10 days ago   210.1 mb
jdeathe/centos-ssh-apache-php latest    f1a489312a4a  3 months ago  297.7 mb

(10)停止正在运行的容器 

(11)查看容器或镜像详情

下面是我刚保存提交产生的新的容器

[root@dockermain-154 ~]# docker inspect 943e45b6e5f3
[{
 "apparmorprofile": "",
 "args": [],
 "config": {
  "attachstderr": true,
  "attachstdin": true,
  "attachstdout": true,
  "cmd": [
   "/bin/bash"
  ],
  "cpushares": 0,
  "cpuset": "",
  "domainname": "",
  "entrypoint": null,
  "env": [
   "path=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
  ],
  "exposedports": null,
  "hostname": "943e45b6e5f3",
  "image": "centos:httpd",
  "macaddress": "",
  "memory": 0,
  "memoryswap": 0,
  "networkdisabled": false,
  "onbuild": null,
  "openstdin": true,
  "portspecs": null,
  "stdinonce": true,
  "tty": true,
  "user": "",
  "volumes": null,
  "workingdir": ""
 },

(12)删除容器

docker rm containerid

查看所有容器id：docker ps -a -q

删除所有的容器：docker rm $(docker ps -a -q)

(13)删除镜像

docker rmi image

(14)查看docker的信息，包括containers和images数目、kernel版本等

[root@dockermain-154 ~]# docker info
containers: 14
images: 56
storage driver: aufs
 root dir: /var/lib/docker/aufs
 dirs: 89
execution driver: native-0.2
kernel version: 3.10.5-3.el6.x86_64
operating system: <unknown>
cpus: 1
total memory: 989.6 mib
name: dockermain-154
id: w4pw:w3xr:fqze:sbaa:2ds2:bm6n:dv5b:arf2:3szm:xgst:5zf7:dfzv
warning: no swap limit support

(15)创建容器，并像平常ssh登录一样使用

[root@dockermain-154 ~]# docker run -i -t centos /bin/bash
[root@7c0414d03fe7 /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin selinux srv sys tmp usr var

以上所述是小编给大家介绍的部署维护docker环境的详细教程，希望对大家有所帮助