《云计算》-docker安装部署、镜像基本操作、镜像与容器常用指令
案例1:安装Docker
案例2:镜像基本操作
案例3:镜像与容器常用指令
1 案例1:安装Docker
1.1 问题
本案例要求配置yum源并安装Docker:
准备两台虚拟机,IP为192.168.1.10和192.168.1.20
安装docker-engine 和 docker-engine-selinux
关闭防火墙
1.2 步骤
实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。
步骤一:配置yum源
1)配置第三方yum源(真机操作)
[aaa@qq.com ~]# mkdir /var/ftp/docker
[aaa@qq.com ~]# mv docker-engine-* /var/ftp/docker
[aaa@qq.com ~]# ls /var/ftp/docker
docker-engine-1.12.1-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
docker-engine-selinux-1.12.1-1.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
[aaa@qq.com ~]# createrepo /var/ftp/docker/
Spawning worker 0 with 1 pkgs
Spawning worker 1 with 1 pkgs
Spawning worker 2 with 0 pkgs
Spawning worker 3 with 0 pkgs
Spawning worker 4 with 0 pkgs
Spawning worker 5 with 0 pkgs
Workers Finished
Saving Primary metadata
Saving file lists metadata
Saving other metadata
Generating sqlite DBs
Sqlite DBs complete
2)配置IP(虚拟机配置静态ip)docker1和docker2主机同样操作
[aaa@qq.com ~]# echo docker1 > /etc/hostname
[aaa@qq.com ~]# hostname docker1
[aaa@qq.com ~]# echo docker2 > /etc/hostname
[aaa@qq.com ~]# hostname docker2
[aaa@qq.com ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
# Generated by dracut initrd
DEVICE="eth0"
ONBOOT="yes"
IPV6INIT="no"
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
NM_CONTROLLED="no"
TYPE="Ethernet"
BOOTPROTO="static"
IPADDR="192.168.1.10"
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=192.168.1.254
[aaa@qq.com ~]# systemctl restart network
[aaa@qq.com ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
# Generated by dracut initrd
DEVICE="eth0"
ONBOOT="yes"
IPV6INIT="no"
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
NM_CONTROLLED="no"
TYPE="Ethernet"
BOOTPROTO="static"
IPADDR="192.168.1.20"
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=192.168.1.254
[aaa@qq.com ~]# systemctl restart network
3)配置yum客户端(docker1和docker2主机同样操作)
[aaa@qq.com ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo
[local_repo]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base
baseurl="ftp://192.168.1.254/system"
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
[loca]
name=local
baseurl="ftp://192.168.1.254/docker"
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
[aaa@qq.com ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo
[local_repo]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base
baseurl="ftp://192.168.1.254/system"
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
[loca]
name=local
baseurl="ftp://192.168.1.254/docker"
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
4)安装docker(docker1和docker2主机同样操作)
[aaa@qq.com ~]# yum -y install docker-engine
[aaa@qq.com ~]# systemctl restart docker
[aaa@qq.com ~]# systemctl enable docker
[aaa@qq.com ~]# ifconfig //有docker0说明环境部署完成
docker0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 172.17.0.1 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 0.0.0.0
ether 02:42:3e:e7:3f:6e txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
[aaa@qq.com2 ~]# docker version //查看版本
[aaa@qq.com ~]# yum -y install docker-engine
[aaa@qq.com ~]# systemctl restart docker
[aaa@qq.com ~]# systemctl enable docker
[aaa@qq.com ~]# ifconfig //有docker0说明环境部署完成
docker0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 172.17.0.1 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 0.0.0.0
ether 02:42:53:82:b9:d4 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
[aaa@qq.com ~]# docker version //查看版本
2 案例2:镜像基本操作
2.1 问题
本案例要求熟悉镜像的基本操作:
导入镜像
导出镜像
启动镜像
2.2 步骤
实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。
步骤一:docker镜像
1)下载镜像
[aaa@qq.com ~]# docker pull busybox
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/busybox
8c5a7da1afbc: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:cb63aa0641a885f54de20f61d152187419e8f6b159ed11a251a09d115fdff9bd
Status: Downloaded newer image for busybox:latest
2)上传镜像
[aaa@qq.com ~]# docker push busybox
3)查看镜像
[aaa@qq.com ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
busybox latest e1ddd7948a1c 4 weeks ago 1.163 MB
4)查找busybox镜像
[aaa@qq.com ~]# docker search busybox
5)导出busybox镜像为busybox.tar
[aaa@qq.com ~]# docker save busybox:latest >busybox.tar
[aaa@qq.com ~]# ls
busybox.tar
6)导入镜像
[aaa@qq.com ~]# scp busybox.tar 192.168.1.20:/root
[aaa@qq.com ~]# ls
busybox.tar
[aaa@qq.com ~]# docker load <busybox.tar
f9d9e4e6e2f0: Loading layer [==================================================>] 1.378 MB/1.378 MB
Loaded image: busybox:latest[=> ] 32.77 kB/1.378 MB
[aaa@qq.com ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
busybox latest e1ddd7948a1c 4 weeks ago 1.163 MB
7)删除镜像
[aaa@qq.com ~]# docker rmi busybox
Untagged: busybox:latest
Deleted: sha256:e1ddd7948a1c31709a23cc5b7dfe96e55fc364f90e1cebcde0773a1b5a30dcda
Deleted: sha256:f9d9e4e6e2f0689cd752390e14ade48b0ec6f2a488a05af5ab2f9ccaf54c299d
步骤二:一次性导入多个镜像
[aaa@qq.com ~]# yum -y install unzip
[aaa@qq.com ~]# unzip docker_images.zip
Archive: docker_images.zip
creating: docker_images/
inflating: docker_images/nginx.tar
inflating: docker_images/redis.tar
inflating: docker_images/centos.tar
inflating: docker_images/registry.tar
inflating: docker_images/ubuntu.tar
[aaa@qq.com ~]# ls
busybox.tar docker_images docker_images.zip eip
[aaa@qq.com ~]# cd docker_images
[aaa@qq.com docker_images]# ls
centos.tar nginx.tar redis.tar registry.tar ubuntu.tar
[aaa@qq.com docker_images]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
busybox latest e1ddd7948a1c 4 weeks ago 1.163 MB
[aaa@qq.com docker_images]# for i in *; do docker load <$i; done
导入多个镜像如图-1所示:
图-1
步骤三:启动镜像
1)启动centos镜像生成一个容器
启动镜像时若不知道后面的命令加什么:
1、可以猜(如:/bin/bash、/bin/sh)
2、可以不加后面的命令,默认启动
[aaa@qq.com docker_images]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[aaa@qq.com /]# ls /
anaconda-post.log bin dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
[aaa@qq.com /]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[aaa@qq.com yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Sources.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo
CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-Vault.repo
[aaa@qq.com yum.repos.d]# rm -rf C*
[aaa@qq.com yum.repos.d]# ls
[aaa@qq.com yum.repos.d]#vi dvd.repo //在容器里面配置一个yum源
[local]
name=local
baseurl=ftp://192.168.1.254/system
enable=1
gpgcheck=0
[aaa@qq.com yum.repos.d]# yum -y install net-tools //安装软件
[aaa@qq.com yum.repos.d]# exit
exit
3 案例3:镜像与容器常用指令
3.1 问题
本案例要求掌握镜像与容器的常用命令:
镜像常用指令练习
容器常用指令练习
3.2 步骤
实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。
步骤一:镜像常用命令
1)查看后台运行的容器
[aaa@qq.com ~]# docker run -d nginx //启动nginx的镜像
[aaa@qq.com ~]# docker ps //查看后台运行的容器
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
56ec8154f8e0 nginx:latest "nginx -g 'daemon off" 17 minutes ago Up 12 minutes 80/tcp, 443/tcp zen_darwin
2)只显示容器ID
[aaa@qq.com docker_images]# docker ps -q
56ec8154f8e0
85c6b0b62235
f7ee40a87af5
3)显示所有的容器,包括没有启动的
[aaa@qq.com docker_images]# docker ps -a
4)显示所有的容器ID
[aaa@qq.com docker_images]# docker ps -qa
56ec8154f8e0
2b68c3960737
85c6b0b62235
f7ee40a87af5
b261be571648
fb2fb8c3d7a8
5)查看centos镜像历史(制作过程),如图-2所示:
[aaa@qq.com docker_images]# docker history centos
图-2
7)删除镜像,启动容器时删除镜像会失败,先删除容器,再删除镜像
格式:docker rmi 镜像名
[aaa@qq.com docker_images]# docker rmi nginx //nginx为镜像名
Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to remove repository reference "nginx" (must force) - container 4f83871aa42e is using its referenced image a5311a310510 //删除时报错
[aaa@qq.com docker_images]# docker stop 4f
4f
[aaa@qq.com docker_images]# docker rm 4f
4f
[aaa@qq.com docker_images]# docker rmi nginx //成功删除
Untagged: nginx:latest
Deleted: sha256:d1fd7d86a8257f3404f92c4474fb3353076883062d64a09232d95d940627459d
Deleted: sha256:4d765aea84ce4f56bd623e4fd38dec996a259af3418e2466d0e2067ed0ae8aa6
Deleted: sha256:5d385be69c9c4ce5538e12e6e677727ebf19ca0afaff6f035d8043b5e413003a
Deleted: sha256:adb712878b60bd7ed8ce661c91eb3ac30f41b67bfafed321395863051596a8e9
Deleted: sha256:55a50a618c1b76f784b0b68a0b3d70db93b353fb03227ea6bd87f794cad92917
Deleted: sha256:e53f74215d12318372e4412d0f0eb3908e17db25c6185f670db49aef5271f91f
8)修改镜像的名称和标签,默认标签为latest
[aaa@qq.com docker_images]# docker tag centos:latest cen:v1
9)查看镜像的底层信息,如图-3所示:
[aaa@qq.com docker_images]# docker inspect centos
图-3
10)修改镜像的标签
[aaa@qq.com docker_images]# docker tag centos:latest cen:v1
[aaa@qq.com docker_images]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
cen v1 e934aafc2206 5 months ago 198.6 MB
[aaa@qq.com docker_images]# docker rmi centos //删除centos
[aaa@qq.com ~]# docker run -it centos
//启动的时候,因为是用标签标签启动的,所以会重新通过ID下载
[aaa@qq.com ~]# docker run -it centos
Unable to find image 'centos:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/centos
Digest: sha256:989b936d56b1ace20ddf855a301741e52abca38286382cba7f44443210e96d16
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest
[aaa@qq.com ~]# docker run -it cen:v1 //通过新建的标签启动cen:v1
步骤二:容器命令
1)关闭容器
命令:docker stop 容器ID
[aaa@qq.com docker_images]# docker stop 0f //0f为容器ID
0f
2)启动容器
[aaa@qq.com docker_images]# docker start 0f
0f
3)重启容器
[aaa@qq.com docker_images]# docker restart 0f
0f
4)删除容器
运行中删除不掉,先关闭容器
[aaa@qq.com docker_images]# docker rm 0f //删除失败
Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container 0f63706692e15134a8f07655a992771b312b8eb01554fc37e1a39b03b28dd05c. Stop the container before attempting removal or use -f
[aaa@qq.com docker_images]# docker stop 0f //关闭容器
0f
[aaa@qq.com docker_images]# docker rm 0f //删除成功
0f
[aaa@qq.com docker_images]#
5)连接容器attach|exec
[aaa@qq.com docker_images]# docker attach 0f
[aaa@qq.com docker_images]# docker ps //容器关闭
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[aaa@qq.com docker_images]# docker exec -it 0f /bin/bash
[aaa@qq.com docker_images]# docker ps //容器不会关闭
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
0b3c50284a1c centos:v1 "/bin/bash" 15 minutes ago Up 15 minutes tiny_lamarr
[aaa@qq.com docker_images]# docker top f7 //查看容器进程列表
[aaa@qq.com ~]# docker run -itd centos:latest
[aaa@qq.com /]# ps
PID TTY TIME CMD
1 ? 00:00:00 bash
13 ? 00:00:00 ps
[aaa@qq.com docker_images]# docker exec -it 85 /bin/bash
aaa@qq.com:/# sleep 50 &
[1] 9
aaa@qq.com:/# exit
exit
[aaa@qq.com docker_images]#docker top 85
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 2744 2729 0 18:01 pts/4 00:00:00 /bin/bash
6)过滤查看mac和ip地址
[aaa@qq.com docker_images]# docker inspect -f '{{.NetworkSettings.MacAddress}}' 4f
02:42:ac:11:00:03
[aaa@qq.com docker_images]# docker inspect -f '{{.NetworkSettings.IPAddress}}' 4f
172.17.0.3
7)修改nginx的显示内容
[aaa@qq.com docker_images]# docker run -it nginx:latest
[aaa@qq.com docker_images]# docker exec -it 56 /bin/bash
aaa@qq.com:/# nginx -T /usr/share/nginx/html/
nginx: invalid option: “/usr/share/nginx/html/” //查找并显示结果
aaa@qq.com:/# echo aaa > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
//修改主页显示的内容
aaa@qq.com:/# nginx -T
aaa@qq.com:/# cat /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
aaa
8)过滤查看nginx的ip地址
[aaa@qq.com ~]# docker inspect -f '{{.NetworkSettings.IPAddress}}' 56
172.17.0.5
[aaa@qq.com ~]# curl 172.17.0.5
aaa
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