linux下只有rman备份集的异机不同目录恢复
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2022-06-12 12:48:24
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昨天在客户那里做了一次rman异机的恢复，把生产库弄一份给测试库用，总库大概80G，总共花费了2个小时，当时客户的环境是windows 11.2.0.3，今天早晨在linux下重新测试了一下，记录下来供大家参考 环境: 所有操作都是按主机名区分 源库: 主机名 bre1 实例名为
昨天在客户那里做了一次rman异机的恢复，把生产库弄一份给测试库用，总库大概80G，总共花费了2个小时，当时客户的环境是windows 11.2.0.3，今天早晨在linux下重新测试了一下，记录下来供大家参考
环境:
所有操作都是按主机名区分
源库:
主机名 bre1 实例名为bre1 数据文件目录在/u01/app/oradata下
目标库:
主机名 bre2 数据文件准备放在/bre1/oradata下
废话不多说，下面是实际操作步骤
1.在源库创建备份集，并且拷贝到目标库
拷贝的目录可用和原来的备份的时候的目录一致，也可以不一致
备份system表空间rman会自动备份参数文件和控制文件
RMAN> backup database format '/home/oracle/%U.bak'; Starting backup at 21-AUG-2014 10:03:35 using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/system01.dbf input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/sysaux01.dbf input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/undotbs01.dbf input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/test.dbf input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/users01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 21-AUG-2014 10:03:36 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 21-AUG-2014 10:03:51 piece handle=/home/oracle/03pggb7o_1_1.bak tag=TAG20140821T100336 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set including current control file in backup set including current SPFILE in backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 21-AUG-2014 10:03:52 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 21-AUG-2014 10:03:53 piece handle=/home/oracle/04pggb87_1_1.bak tag=TAG20140821T100336 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 Finished backup at 21-AUG-2014 10:03:53 [oracle@bre2 ~]$ scp bre1:/home/oracle/03pggb7o_1_1.bak . The authenticity of host 'bre1 (192.168.56.45)' can't be established. RSA key fingerprint is 73:56:4c:3a:01:3f:50:c8:d8:3a:5d:d5:21:00:6a:fe. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added 'bre1,192.168.56.45' (RSA) to the list of known hosts. oracle@bre1's password: 03pggb7o_1_1.bak 100% 336MB 37.3MB/s 00:09 [oracle@bre2 ~]$ scp bre1:/home/oracle/04pggb87_1_1.bak . oracle@bre1's password: 04pggb87_1_1.bak 100% 9600KB 9.4MB/s 00:002.还原spfile，使用nomount打开数据库
编辑一个最简单的pfile，只有db_name即可：
[oracle@bre2 dbs]$ vi initbre1.ora [oracle@bre2 dbs]$ cat initbre1.ora db_name=bre1然后就可以nomount打开数据库了：
SQL> startup nomount; ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 229683200 bytes Fixed Size 2251936 bytes Variable Size 171967328 bytes Database Buffers 50331648 bytes Redo Buffers 5132288 bytes SQL>再使用rman来恢复spfile：
RMAN> restore spfile from '/home/oracle/backup/04pggb87_1_1.bak'; Starting restore at 21-AUG-2014 9:39:31 using target database control file instead of recovery catalog allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=171 device type=DISK channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring spfile from AUTOBACKUP /home/oracle/backup/04pggb87_1_1.bak channel ORA_DISK_1: SPFILE restore from AUTOBACKUP complete Finished restore at 21-AUG-2014 9:39:32 RMAN>使用spfile来打理数据库试试
[oracle@bre2 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Thu Aug 21 10:08:01 2014 Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to an idle instance. SQL> startup nomount; ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initbre1.ora' SQL> startup nomount; ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initbre1.ora' SQL> startup nomount; ORA-09925: Unable to create audit trail file Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory Additional information: 9925有很多相关目录没有创建，可以使用strings spfilebre1.ora来查看一下spfile里面的内容，建好相关的目录，并且赋予权限。。这些都搞好后nomount打开数据库不再报错。
3.恢复控制文件
登陆到rman，控制文件还原的时候将还原到参数文件指定的位置，所以参数文件指定的控制文件目录必须存在，否则报错，例如下面一开始我没有创建就报错，后来创建完成就不报错了，如果你想还原到其他地方，可以修改参数文件指定到相应地址。
RMAN> restore controlfile from '/home/oracle/04pggb87_1_1.bak'; Starting restore at 21-AUG-2014 10:26:14 using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file RMAN-00571: =========================================================== RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS =============== RMAN-00571: =========================================================== RMAN-03002: failure of restore command at 08/21/2014 10:26:15 ORA-19870: error while restoring backup piece /home/oracle/04pggb87_1_1.bak ORA-19504: failed to create file "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/control01.ctl" ORA-27040: file create error, unable to create file Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory Additional information: 1 RMAN> restore controlfile from '/home/oracle/04pggb87_1_1.bak'; Starting restore at 21-AUG-2014 10:26:50 using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file RMAN-00571: =========================================================== RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS =============== RMAN-00571: =========================================================== RMAN-03002: failure of restore command at 08/21/2014 10:26:51 ORA-19504: failed to create file "/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/bre1/control02.ctl" ORA-27040: file create error, unable to create file Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory Additional information: 1 ORA-19600: input file is control file (/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/control01.ctl) ORA-19601: output file is control file (/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/bre1/control02.ctl) RMAN> restore controlfile from '/home/oracle/04pggb87_1_1.bak'; Starting restore at 21-AUG-2014 10:27:24 using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/control01.ctl output file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/bre1/control02.ctl Finished restore at 21-AUG-2014 10:27:25
4.mount数据库,注册备份集
重启数据库，直接就可以启动到mount
SQL> startup mount; ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 835104768 bytes Fixed Size 2257840 bytes Variable Size 503319632 bytes Database Buffers 322961408 bytes Redo Buffers 6565888 bytes Database mounted. SQL>如果此时备份集所在文件目录改变，需要手工catalog注册备份集，这里我们将拷过来的备份文件复制到/home/oracle/backup下，演示一下手工catalog备份集
[oracle@bre2 ~]$ ls 03pggb7o_1_1.bak 04pggb87_1_1.bak pfile.ora test [oracle@bre2 ~]$ mkdir backup [oracle@bre2 ~]$ mv *.bak backup [oracle@bre2 ~]$ ls backup 03pggb7o_1_1.bak 04pggb87_1_1.bak RMAN> catalog backuppiece '/home/oracle/backup/03pggb7o_1_1.bak'; Starting implicit crosscheck backup at 21-AUG-2014 10:32:10 using target database control file instead of recovery catalog allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=10 device type=DISK Crosschecked 1 objects Finished implicit crosscheck backup at 21-AUG-2014 10:32:10 Starting implicit crosscheck copy at 21-AUG-2014 10:32:10 using channel ORA_DISK_1 Finished implicit crosscheck copy at 21-AUG-2014 10:32:11 searching for all files in the recovery area cataloging files... no files cataloged cataloged backup piece backup piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/03pggb7o_1_1.bak RECID=2 STAMP=856175531 RMAN> catalog backuppiece '/home/oracle/backup/04pggb87_1_1.bak'; cataloged backup piece backup piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/04pggb87_1_1.bak RECID=3 STAMP=8561755505.使用set newname将数据文件还原到不同目录
原来的数据文件目录在/u01/admin/oradata下面,我们将数据文件恢复到/bre1/oradata下面，%b的意思是只获取文件名，没有目录信息
[root@bre2 ~]# mkdir -p /bre1/oradata
[root@bre2 ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /bre1
[oracle@bre2 ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Aug 21 10:36:10 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: BRE1 (DBID=2522432392, not open)
run{
allocate channel ch1 device type disk;
set newname for database to '/bre1/oradata/%b';
restore database;
release channel ch1;
6> }
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ch1
channel ch1: SID=396 device type=DISK
executing command: SET NEWNAME
Starting restore at 21-AUG-2014 10:38:03
channel ch1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ch1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ch1: restoring datafile 00001 to /bre1/oradata/system01.dbf
channel ch1: restoring datafile 00002 to /bre1/oradata/sysaux01.dbf
channel ch1: restoring datafile 00003 to /bre1/oradata/undotbs01.dbf
channel ch1: restoring datafile 00004 to /bre1/oradata/users01.dbf
channel ch1: restoring datafile 00005 to /bre1/oradata/test.dbf
channel ch1: reading from backup piece /home/oracle/backup/03pggb7o_1_1.bak
channel ch1: piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/03pggb7o_1_1.bak tag=TAG20140821T100336
channel ch1: restored backup piece 1
channel ch1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:45
Finished restore at 21-AUG-2014 10:38:48
released channel: ch1
数据文件都在了：
[root@bre2 ~]# ls -l /bre1/oradata
total 1564468
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 629153792 Aug 21 10:38 sysaux01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 734011392 Aug 21 10:38 system01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 20979712 Aug 21 10:38 test.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 209723392 Aug 21 10:38 undotbs01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 6561792 Aug 21 10:38 users01.dbf
资料上说可以使用switch datafile all来直接修改控制文件中的文件目录，但是我试了一下貌似不行，还是需要在手工rename，下面是我手工修改控制文件中的数据文件目录，先看一下当前的数据文件目录
SQL> select name from v$datafile; NAME -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/system01.dbf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/sysaux01.dbf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/undotbs01.dbf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/users01.dbf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/test.dbf SQL> select name from v$tempfile; NAME -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/temp01.dbf SQL> select member from v$logfile; MEMBER -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/redo01.log /u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/redo02.log /u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/redo03.log
我自己写了一个拼接sql来将数据文件目录做转换：
select 'alter database rename file '''||name||''' to ''/bre1/oradata'||substr(name,length(name)-INSTR(reverse(name),'/')+1,INSTR(reverse(name),'/'))||''';' from v$datafile
union all
select 'alter database rename file '''||name||''' to ''/bre1/oradata'||substr(name,length(name)-INSTR(reverse(name),'/')+1,INSTR(reverse(name),'/'))||''';' from v$tempfile
union all
select 'alter database rename file '''||member||''' to ''/bre1/oradata'||substr(member,length(member)-INSTR(reverse(member),'/')+1,INSTR(reverse(member),'/'))||''';' from v$logfile
;
select 'alter database rename file '''||name||''' to ''/bre1/oradata'||substr(name,length(name)-INSTR(reverse(name),'/')+1,INSTR(reverse(name),'/'))||''';' from v$datafile union all select 'alter database rename file '''||name||''' to ''/bre1/oradata'||substr(name,length(name)-INSTR(reverse(name),'/')+1,INSTR(reverse(name),'/'))||''';' from v$tempfile union all select 'alter database rename file '''||member||''' to ''/bre1/oradata'||substr(member,length(member)-INSTR(reverse(member),'/')+1,INSTR(reverse(member),'/'))||''';' from v$logfile 6 ; 'ALTERDATABASERENAMEFILE'''||NAME||'''TO''/BRE1/ORADATA'||SUBSTR(NAME,LENGTH(NAME)-INSTR(REVERSE(NAME),'/')+1,INSTR(REVERSE(NAME),'/'))||''';' -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- alter database rename file '/bre1/oradata/system01.dbf' to '/bre1/oradata/system01.dbf'; alter database rename file '/bre1/oradata/sysaux01.dbf' to '/bre1/oradata/sysaux01.dbf'; alter database rename file '/bre1/oradata/undotbs01.dbf' to '/bre1/oradata/undotbs01.dbf'; alter database rename file '/bre1/oradata/users01.dbf' to '/bre1/oradata/users01.dbf'; alter database rename file '/bre1/oradata/test.dbf' to '/bre1/oradata/test.dbf'; alter database rename file '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/temp01.dbf' to '/bre1/oradata/temp01.dbf'; alter database rename file '/bre1/oradata/redo01.log' to '/bre1/oradata/redo01.log'; alter database rename file '/bre1/oradata/redo02.log' to '/bre1/oradata/redo02.log'; alter database rename file '/bre1/oradata/redo03.log' to '/bre1/oradata/redo03.log'; alter database rename file '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/system01.dbf' to '/bre1/oradata/system01.dbf'; alter database rename file '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/sysaux01.dbf' to '/bre1/oradata/sysaux01.dbf'; alter database rename file '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/undotbs01.dbf' to '/bre1/oradata/undotbs01.dbf'; alter database rename file '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/users01.dbf' to '/bre1/oradata/users01.dbf'; alter database rename file '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/test.dbf' to '/bre1/oradata/test.dbf'; alter database rename file '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/redo01.log' to '/bre1/oradata/redo01.log'; alter database rename file '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/redo02.log' to '/bre1/oradata/redo02.log'; Database altered. SQL> Database altered. SQL> Database altered. SQL> Database altered. SQL> Database altered. SQL> Database altered. SQL> Database altered. SQL> alter database rename file '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/redo03.log' to '/bre1/oradata/redo03.log'; Database altered.rename之后控制文件中的数据文件目录都已经改到了/bre1/oradata下，那么就可以进行恢复了。
6.恢复数据库
我这里是测试就没有恢复什么归档日志，如果是正式生产库，还需要恢复归档日志，可能还需要使用到CATALOG ARCHIVELOG 来注册归档的备份集和在RMAN中使用
RUN
{
SET ARCHIVELOG DESTINATION TO '/home/oracle';
RESTORE ARCHIVELOG all;
}
来还原出归档日志。
或者还可以在controlfile中修改归档目录来恢复。恢复出归档日志之后，就可以进行数据库恢复。
[oracle@bre2 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Thu Aug 21 11:16:06 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> recover database using backup controlfile until cancel;
ORA-00279: change 830841 generated at 08/21/2014 10:03:36 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : /arch1_42_851018056.dbf
ORA-00280: change 830841 for thread 1 is in sequence #42
Specify log: {=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
cancel
Media recovery cancelled.
SQL> alter database open resetlogs;
Database altered.
open 过程中可能会遇到ora-00392错误，解决办法：
使用SQL> alter database clear logfile group 2;
到此恢复成功！
总结：
主要的难点是需要对rman比较熟悉，需要使用语句修改控制文件中的文件位置，否则会报错找不到相关文件。
如果备份集的目录改变了，需要手工catalog注册备份集到控制文件，并且rename file。
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