Oracle10g多实例配置一例
背景: 一次甲方组织的部署方案讨论会上，各开发商都提出了自己的服务器要求，甲方只给一台数据库先临时过渡使用，要求整合几家应用oracle数据库; 我公司做为技术整合方虽然提出各种建议，最终无果，于是提出两种方案： 第一种：一个oracle数据库实例中多方案
背景: 一次甲方组织的部署方案讨论会上，各开发商都提出了自己的服务器要求，甲方只给一台数据库先临时过渡使用，要求整合几家应用oracle数据库; 我公司做为技术整合方虽然提出各种建议，最终无果，于是提出两种方案：
第一种：一个oracle数据库实例中多方案(用户)方式部署，一个应用分配一个数据库帐号（用户）。
第二种：一个是采用多实例方式部署，一个应用一个单独实例。
两种方案各有利弊；因各开发商都说自己数据敏感，于是提出选择了多实例部署的方案，多实例的方式就是在一个oracle数据库服务器创建多个数据库实例，同时运行，应用数据库层面互不干扰。 多实例创建方式很多种，这里以两个实例为例：
(1) 一个数据库实例创建好后，再直接采用DBCA创建另一个实例，适合全新安装，比较方便快速。
(2) 通过现有一个实例数据库克隆一个数据库实例。
(3) 通过rman备份恢复在本机恢复一个数据库实例。
安装多实例需要注意的问题，内存占用量大，两个数据库实例都要各自分配SGA，PGA等内存，对两个实例内存的分配注意控制，以免过多分配内存对主机系统造成影响。
本文第二种方式部署多实例，仅只做安装测试，对于sga内存分配等内容本例忽略掉了, 通过本文对数据库的物理结构进行了一次复习，该方式对11g for linux版本一样适用。
1. 数据库环境
(1) 现在一个数据库情况
操作系统版本 : OEL5.8 x64
数据库版本 : Oracle 10.2.0.5 x64
数据库名 : orcl
数据库SID : orcl
实例名 : orcl
数据库文件路径: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/
(2) 待克隆的数据库
数据库名 : abc
数据库SID : abc
实例名 : abc
数据库文件路径: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/
说明：两个数据库实例采用不同目录结构与数据库名称。
2. 准备abc实例的目录结构
# su - oracle
$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/abc/{adump,bdump,cdump,dpdump,udump,pfile}
$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/
3. 准备abc实例的参数文件
通过现有orcl实例的参数文件进行修改。
$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL> conn / as sysdba;
SQL> create pfile from spfile;
SQL> host cp $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initorcl.ora $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initabc.ora
SQL> host vi $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initabc.ora
#将orcl改为abc实例，注意路径是否正确。 abc.__db_cache_size=293601280 abc.__java_pool_size=4194304 abc.__large_pool_size=4194304 abc.__shared_pool_size=117440512 abc.__streams_pool_size=0 *.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/abc/adump' *.background_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/abc/bdump' *.compatible='10.2.0.5.0' *.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/control02.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc /control03.ctl' *.core_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/abc/cdump' *.db_block_size=8192 *.db_domain='' *.db_file_multiblock_read_count=16 *.db_name='abc' *.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area' *.db_recovery_file_dest_size=2147483648 *.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=abcXDB)' *.job_queue_processes=10 *.open_cursors=300 *.pga_aggregate_target=141557760 *.processes=150 *.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE' *.sga_target=425721856 *.undo_management='AUTO' *.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1' *.user_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/abc/udump'
4. 创建控制文件SQL语句
由于控制文件中包括数据库文件位置，实例名等数据，需要重新根据新的实例名与数据文件及文件路径创建控制文件。
根据control文件跟踪文件创建控制文件。
SQL> alter database backup controlfile to trace;
# 查看刚才创建的跟综文件的文件名:
SQL> oradebug setmypid
SQL> oradebug tracefile_name
/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/udump/orcl_ora_4044.trc
SQL> ! cat /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/udump/orcl_ora_4044.trc
# 按如下格式，如果有其它数据文件，可以按此格式加入。
CREATE CONTROLFILE set DATABASE "ABC" RESETLOGS NOARCHIVELOG
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 8
MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/redo01.log' SIZE 50M,
GROUP 2 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/redo02.log' SIZE 50M,
GROUP 3 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/redo03.log' SIZE 50M
-- STANDBY LOGFILE
DATAFILE
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/system01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/undotbs01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/sysaux01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/users01.dbf'
CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
;
5. 创建密码文件
$ orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwabc password=oracle entries=10
6. 多实例监听与服务名配置
(1) 添加静态监听配置,实现单IP,多实例
$ vi $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
)
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = orcl)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME = orcl)
)
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = abc)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME = abc)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.233.150)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))
)
)
(2) 命令服务配置
$ vi $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
ABC =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.233.150)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SID = abc)
(SERVICE = DEDICATED)
)
)
ORCL =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.233.150)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SID = orcl)
(SERVICE = DEDICATED)
)
)
EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SID = PLSExtProc)
(PRESENTATION = RO)
)
)
$ lsnrctl stop
$ lsnrctl start
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on 14-11014 22:07:31
Copyright (c) 1991, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production
System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=node1)(PORT=1521)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC0)))
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=node1)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production
Start Date 14-11014 22:07:31
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=node1)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC0)))
Services Summary...
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "abc" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "abc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
7. 拷贝orcl实例的数据文件
(1) 数据库必须在一致性状态下进行拷贝，需要关闭orcl数据库实例。
$ sqlplus / as sysdba;
SQL> shutdown immediate;
SQL> quit
(2) 拷贝orcl实例的所有数据文件
$ cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/*.dbf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/
$ ll /u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/
total 738672
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 262152192 Nov 14 22:12 sysaux01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 461381632 Nov 14 22:12 system01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 20979712 Nov 14 22:12 temp01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 26222592 Nov 14 22:12 undotbs01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 5251072 Nov 14 22:12 users01.dbf
$
8. 正启开始创建abc实例
(1) 通过abc SID启动数据库
[oracle@node1 ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=abc
[oracle@node1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba;
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on 14 22:18:52 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL>
(2) 启动abc实例到nomount状态
因为有abc实例的pfile参数文件，可以将数据库启动到nomount状态.
SQL> startup nomount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 427819008 bytes
Fixed Size 2096792 bytes
Variable Size 125829480 bytes
Database Buffers 293601280 bytes
Redo Buffers 6291456 bytes
SQL>
(3) 在nomount状态下创建生成控制文件，手动复制粘贴上面创建的生成控制文件语句。
SQL> CREATE CONTROLFILE set DATABASE "ABC" RESETLOGS NOARCHIVELOG
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 8
MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/redo01.log' SIZE 50M,
GROUP 2 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/redo02.log' SIZE 50M,
GROUP 3 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/redo03.log' SIZE 50M
-- STANDBY LOGFILE
DATAFILE
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/system01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/undotbs01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/sysaux01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/users01.dbf'
CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
18 ;
Control file created.
SQL>
SQL>
(4) resetlogs启动数据库
resetlogs启动数据库同时重新生成创建redo日志文件。
SQL> alter database open resetlogs;
Database altered.
(5) 通过abc实例的pfile文件创建spfile文件
SQL> create spfile from pfile;
(6) 添加一个临时数据文件
SQL> alter tablespace temp add tempfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/temp01.dbf'
9. 更改Oracle数据库DBID
(1)在nid之前必须要shutdown immediate一次再mount状态;
SQL> shutdown immediate;
SQL> startup mount;
SQL> quit
(2) nid修改数据库名
[oracle@node1 ~]$ nid target=sys
DBNEWID: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on 14 22:46:50 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Password:
Connected to database ABC (DBID=1390560469)
Connected to server version 10.2.0
Control Files in database:
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/control01.ctl
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/control02.ctl
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/control03.ctl
Change database ID of database ABC? (Y/[N]) => y
Proceeding with operation
Changing database ID from 1390560469 to 1819805470
Control File /u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/control01.ctl - modified
Control File /u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/control02.ctl - modified
Control File /u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/control03.ctl - modified
Datafile /u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/system01.dbf - dbid changed
Datafile /u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/undotbs01.dbf - dbid changed
Datafile /u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/sysaux01.dbf - dbid changed
Datafile /u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/users01.dbf - dbid changed
Datafile /u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/temp01.dbf - dbid changed
Control File /u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/control01.ctl - dbid changed
Control File /u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/control02.ctl - dbid changed
Control File /u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/control03.ctl - dbid changed
Instance shut down
(3) 验证数据库名修改，最终修改成功。
$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL> conn / as sysdba;
SQL> startup mount;
SQL> alter database open resetlogs;
SQL> select dbid,name from v$database;
DBID NAME
---------- ---------
1819805470 ABC
SQL>
10. 配置实例开机自启动
(1) 配置oracle开机启动，加入abc实例自启动开关项
# vi /etc/oratab
orcl:/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1:Y
abc:/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1:Y
(2) 设置开机启动
# vi /etc/rc.local
#!/bin/sh
su - oracle -c "lsnrctl start"
su - oracle -c "dbstart"
(3) 登录到数据库服务器上手动的启动与关闭数据库实例方法
进入orcl实例的方法；
$ export ORACLE_SID=orcl
$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL> conn /as sysdba
SQL> startup;
进入abc实例的方法；
$ export ORACLE_SID=abc
$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL> conn /as sysdba
SQL> startup