mysql数据库的多实例与主从同步。
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2022-06-10 16:59:48
1、MySQL的多实例: 多实例的特点:能够有效地利用服务器的资源,节约服务器的资源 MySQL多实例的配置有两种,第一是使用一个配置文件,这种方法不推荐使用,容易出错;第二种是用多个配置文件,这种方法的好处是可以方便管理。 [root@localhost 3308]# tree -L 2 /dat... ......
1、mysql的多实例:
多实例的特点:能够有效地利用服务器的资源,节约服务器的资源
mysql多实例的配置有两种,第一是使用一个配置文件,这种方法不推荐使用,容易出错;第二种是用多个配置文件,这种方法的好处是可以方便管理。
[root@localhost 3308]# tree -l 2 /data/
/data/
├── 3307
│ ├── data
│ ├── my.cnf
│ ├── mysql
│ ├── mysql_3307.err
│ ├── mysqld.pid
│ └── mysql.sock
└── 3308
├── data
├── my.cnf
├── mysql
├── mysql_3308.err
├── mysqld.pid
└── mysql.sock
安装mysql
通过压缩包哦安装,提前下载mysql-5.5.62-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz,解压即可。
添加mysql用户,
useradd -s /sbin/nologin mysql
将解压的文件移动到/usr/local并做软连接
mv mysql-5.5.62-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local
ln -s mysql-5.5.62-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
创建每个服务端口的data文件夹
mkdir -p /data/{3307,3308}
进行mysql初始化:
./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/application/mysql/ --datadir=/data/3307/data
./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/application/mysql/ --datadir=/data/3308/data
配置端口的配置文件my.cnf
vim /data/3307/my.cnf
vim /data/3308/my.cnf
[3307/my.cnf]
[client]
port = 3307
socket = /data/3307/mysql.sock
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
[mysqld]
user = mysql
port = 3307
socket = /data/3307/mysql.sock
basedir = /application/mysql
datadir = /data/3307/data
open_files_limit = 1024
back_log = 600
max_connections = 800
max_connect_errors = 3000
table_cache = 614
external-locking = false
max_allowed_packet =8m
sort_buffer_size = 1m
join_buffer_size = 1m
thread_cache_size = 100
thread_concurrency = 2
query_cache_size = 2m
query_cache_limit = 1m
query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k
#default_table_type = innodb
thread_stack = 192k
#transaction_isolation = read-committed
tmp_table_size = 2m
max_heap_table_size = 2m
#long_query_time = 1
#log_long_format
#log-error = /data/3307/error.log
#log-slow-queries = /data/3307/slow.log
pid-file = /data/3307/mysql.pid
#log-bin = /data/3307/mysql-bin
relay-log = /data/3307/relay-bin
relay-log-info-file = /data/3307/relay-log.info
binlog_cache_size = 1m
max_binlog_cache_size = 1m
max_binlog_size = 2m
expire_logs_days = 7
key_buffer_size = 16m
read_buffer_size = 1m
read_rnd_buffer_size = 1m
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 1m
#myisam_sort_buffer_size = 1m
#myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10g
#myisam_max_extra_sort_file_size = 10g
#myisam_repair_threads = 1
#myisam_recover
lower_case_table_names = 1
skip-name-resolve
slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062
replicate-ignore-db=mysql
server-id = 8
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 4m
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 32m
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:128m:autoextend
innodb_file_io_threads = 4
innodb_thread_concurrency = 8
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 2m
innodb_log_file_size = 4m
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
innodb_file_per_table = 0
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 2m
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/data/3307/mysql_3307.err
pid-file=/data/3307/mysqld.pid
3308的配置文件把3307改成3308
配置各端口的启动文件
vim /data/3307/mysql
vim /data/3308/mysql
[3307/mysql]
#!/bin/bash
# chkconfig: 2345 21 60
# description: msyql start scripts
port=3307
user=root
passwd=123456
path=/application/mysql/bin
#socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
mysqlsock="/data/${port}/mysql.sock"
function_start(){
if [ -e $mysqlsock ];then
echo "mysql already running..."
else
$path/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/${port}/my.cnf &>/dev/null &
[ $? -eq 0 ]&&{
# . /etc/init.d/functions
echo "mysql start success!!!"
}
fi
}
function_stop(){
if [ -e $mysqlsock ];then
$path/mysqladmin -u$user -p$passwd -s $mysqlsock shutdown &>/dev/null &
[ $? -eq 0 ]&& {
# . /etc/init.d/functions
echo "mysql stop success!!!"
}||echo "mysql stop failed"
else
echo "mysql dont start"
fi
}
function_restart(){
if [ -e $socket ];then
function_stop
sleep 2
function_start
else
function_start
fi
}
function_status(){
[ -e $msyqlsock ]&& echo "mysql is running" || echo "mysql is down"
}
case $1 in
start)
function_start
;;
stop)
function_stop
;;
status)
function_status
;;
restart)
function_restart
;;
*)
echo "usage |$0{start|stop|status|restart}"
esac
3308的启动文件将port改成3308
将/data多实例文件添加权限
chown -r mysql.mysql /data/
启动数据库
[root@localhost 3307]# mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/3307/my.cnf
/data/3307/mysql start
进入数据库
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -s /data/3307/mysql.sock
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -lntup
active internet connections (only servers)
proto recv-q send-q local address foreign address state pid/program name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3307 0.0.0.0:* listen 18787/mysqld
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3308 0.0.0.0:* listen 19506/mysqld
2、mysql的主从复制
mysql数据库的主从复制方案,与使用scp/rsync等命令进行的文件级别复制类似,都是数据的远程传输,只不过mysql的主从复制是其自带的功能,无需借助第三方工具,而且,mysql的主从复制并不是数据库磁盘上的文件直接拷贝,而是通过逻辑的binlog日志复制到要同步的服务器本地,然后由本地的线程读取日志里面的sql语句,重新应用到mysql数据库中。
主从复制原理
1)在slave服务器上执行start slave命令开启主从复制开关,开始进行主从复制
2)此时,slave服务器的i/o线程会通过在master上已经授权的复制用户权限请求连接master服务器,并请求从指定binlog日志文件的指定位置(日志文件名和位置就是在配置主从复制服务时执行change master命令指定的)之后开始发送binlog日志内容。
3)master服务器接收到来自slave服务器的i/o线程的请求后,其上负责复制的i/o线程会根据slave服务器的i/o线程请求的信息分批读取指定binlog日志文件指定位置之后的binlog日志信息,然后返回给slave端的i/o线程。返回的信息中除了binlog日志内容外,还有在master服务器端记录的新的binlog文件名称,以及在新的binlog中的下一个指定更新位置。
4)当slave服务器的i/o线程获取到master服务器上i/o线程发送的日志内容,日志文件及位置点后,会将binlog日志内容依次写到slave端自身的relay log(即中继日志)文件(mysql-relay-bin.xxxx)的最末端,并将新的binlog文件名和位置记录到master-info文件中,以便下一次读取master端新binlog日志时能够告诉master服务器从新binlog日志的指定文件及位置开始请求新的binlog日志内容。
5)slave服务器端的sql线程会实时检测本地relay log中i/o线程新增加的日志内容,然后及时地把relay log文件中的内容解析成sql语句,并在自身slave服务器上按解析sql语句的位置顺序执行应用这些sql语句,并在relay-log.info中记录当前应用中继日志的文件名及位置点。
开启主数据库的log-bin:
#在my.cnf文件里的[mysqld]下编辑:
log-bin = /data/3306/mysql-bin
测试log-bin是否开启:
[root@localhost 3307]# mysql -u root -p -s /data/3306/mysql.sock
enter password:
welcome to the mysql monitor. commands end with ; or \g.
your mysql connection id is 7
server version: 5.5.62 mysql community server (gpl)
copyright (c) 2000, 2018, oracle and/or its affiliates. all rights reserved.
oracle is a registered trademark of oracle corporation and/or its
affiliates. other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
type 'help;' or '\h' for help. type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show variables like 'server_id';
+---------------+-------+
| variable_name | value |
+---------------+-------+
| server_id | 5 |
+---------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show variables like 'log_bin';
+---------------+-------+
| variable_name | value |
+---------------+-------+
| log_bin | on |
+---------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
建立用于从库复制的账号yunjisuan
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'yunjisuan'@'10.6.29.154' identified by 'yunjisuan123';
query ok, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
刷新权限
mysql> flush privileges;
query ok, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
+-----------+-----------------------+
| user | host |
+-----------+-----------------------+
| root | 127.0.0.1 |
| yunjisuan | 10.6.29.154 |
| root | ::1 |
| | localhost |
| root | localhost |
| | localhost.localdomain |
| root | localhost.localdomain |
+-----------+-----------------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
备份主表
[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 -s /data/3306/mysql.sock --events -a -b | gzip >/server/backup/mysql_bak.$(date +%f).sql.gz
查看从数据库的serverid
[root@localhost ~]# egrep "server-id|log-bin" /data/3307/my.cnf
#log-bin = /data/3307/mysql-bin
server-id = 2
查看从数据的状态
mysql> show variables like 'log_bin';
+---------------+-------+
| variable_name | value |
+---------------+-------+
| log_bin | off |
+---------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show variables like 'server_id';
+---------------+-------+
| variable_name | value |
+---------------+-------+
| server_id | 2 |
+---------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
解压主数据库备份文件
[root@localhost backup]# gzip -d mysql_bak.2019-09-11.sql.gz
把数据还原到3307
[root@localhost backup]# mysql -u root -p123456 -s /data/3307/mysql.sock <mysql_bak.2019-09-11.sql
登录从库,配置复制参数
mysql> show master status
-> ;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| file | position | binlog_do_db | binlog_ignore_db |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000002 | 107 | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> change master to master_host='10.6.29.154',master_port=3306,master_user='yunjisuan',master_password='yunjisuan123',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',master_log_pos=345;
query ok, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
开启主从同步开关,并查看
[root@localhost backup]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -s /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "start slave"
[root@localhost backup]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -s /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\g"
*************************** 1. row ***************************
slave_io_state: waiting for master to send event
master_host: 10.6.29.154
master_user: yunjisuan
master_port: 3306
connect_retry: 60
master_log_file: mysql-bin.000002
read_master_log_pos: 107
relay_log_file: relay-bin.000002
relay_log_pos: 253
relay_master_log_file: mysql-bin.000002
slave_io_running: yes
slave_sql_running: yes
replicate_do_db:
replicate_ignore_db: mysql
replicate_do_table:
replicate_ignore_table:
replicate_wild_do_table:
replicate_wild_ignore_table:
last_errno: 0
last_error:
skip_counter: 0
exec_master_log_pos: 107
relay_log_space: 403
until_condition: none
until_log_file:
until_log_pos: 0
master_ssl_allowed: no
master_ssl_ca_file:
master_ssl_ca_path:
master_ssl_cert:
master_ssl_cipher:
master_ssl_key:
seconds_behind_master: 0
master_ssl_verify_server_cert: no
last_io_errno: 0
last_io_error:
last_sql_errno: 0
last_sql_error:
replicate_ignore_server_ids:
master_server_id: 5
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
随后在主库创建数据库等,再到从库查看:
[root@localhost backup]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -s /data/3306/mysql.sock -e "create database admin1;"
[root@localhost backup]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -s /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show databases;"
+--------------------+
| database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| admin1 |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
这样就完成了mysql数据库的主从同步。
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