Python简单的GUI程序示例详解

一、记事本

源码

#python简易记事本
from tkinter import *
from tkinter import messagebox
from tkinter import filedialog
import os
filename=''   #文件名，全局变量
def about():
    messagebox.showinfo('提示','这是一个消息框')
def openfile():
    global filename   #使用全局变量
    filename=filedialog.askopenfilename(defaultextension='.txt')   #打开文件，默认扩展名是xtxt
    if filename=='':   #如果没有选择
        filename=none
    else:
        root.title('filename:'+os.path.basename(filename))   #将文件名显示在标题栏中
        textpad.delete(1.0,end)   #删除文本框中原有内容
        f=open(filename,'r',encoding='utf-8')   #获取文件中内容
        textpad.insert(1.0,f.read())   #显示到文本框
        f.close()
def saveotherfile():
    global filename
    f=filedialog.asksaveasfilename(initialfile='未命名.txt',defaultextension='.txt')   #保存文件
    filename=f
    root.title('filename:' + os.path.basename(filename))
    fh=open(f,'w',encoding='utf-8')   #只写方式打开文件
    msg=textpad.get(1.0,end)   #从文本框中获取内容
    fh.write(msg)
    fh.close()
root=tk()   #设置菜单栏
root.title('记事本')
root.geometry('500x500+100+100')   #widthxheight+x+y
menubar=menu(root)
root.config(menu=menubar)
filemenu=menu(menubar)   #第一个菜单栏
filemenu.add_command(label='打开',accelerator='ctrl+n',command=openfile)
filemenu.add_command(label='保存',accelerator='ctrl+t',command=saveotherfile)
menubar.add_cascade(label='文件',menu=filemenu)
aboutmenu=menu(menubar)
aboutmenu.add_command(label='关于',accelerator='ctrl+y',command=about)
menubar.add_cascade(label='帮助',menu=aboutmenu)
status=label(root,text='ln20',bd=1,relief=sunken,anchor=w)   #底部状态栏
status.pack(side=bottom,fill=x)
lnlabel=label(root,width=2,bg='antique white')   #左边边界栏
lnlabel.pack(side=left,fill=y)
textpad=text(root,undo=true)   #设置文本框
textpad.pack(expand=yes,fill=both)
scroll=scrollbar(textpad)   #右边进度条栏
textpad.config(yscrollcommand=scroll.set)
scroll.config(command=textpad.yview)
scroll.pack(side=right,fill=y)
root.mainloop()#python简易记事本
from tkinter import *
from tkinter import messagebox
from tkinter import filedialog
import os
filename=''   #文件名，全局变量
def about():
    messagebox.showinfo('提示','这是一个消息框')
def openfile():
    global filename   #使用全局变量
    filename=filedialog.askopenfilename(defaultextension='.txt')   #打开文件，默认扩展名是xtxt
    if filename=='':   #如果没有选择
        filename=none
    else:
        root.title('filename:'+os.path.basename(filename))   #将文件名显示在标题栏中
        textpad.delete(1.0,end)   #删除文本框中原有内容
        f=open(filename,'r',encoding='utf-8')   #获取文件中内容
        textpad.insert(1.0,f.read())   #显示到文本框
        f.close()
def saveotherfile():
    global filename
    f=filedialog.asksaveasfilename(initialfile='未命名.txt',defaultextension='.txt')   #保存文件
    filename=f
    root.title('filename:' + os.path.basename(filename))
    fh=open(f,'w',encoding='utf-8')   #只写方式打开文件
    msg=textpad.get(1.0,end)   #从文本框中获取内容
    fh.write(msg)
    fh.close()
root=tk()   #设置菜单栏
root.title('记事本')
root.geometry('500x500+100+100')   #widthxheight+x+y
menubar=menu(root)
root.config(menu=menubar)
filemenu=menu(menubar)   #第一个菜单栏
filemenu.add_command(label='打开',accelerator='ctrl+n',command=openfile)
filemenu.add_command(label='保存',accelerator='ctrl+t',command=saveotherfile)
menubar.add_cascade(label='文件',menu=filemenu)
aboutmenu=menu(menubar)
aboutmenu.add_command(label='关于',accelerator='ctrl+y',command=about)
menubar.add_cascade(label='帮助',menu=aboutmenu)
status=label(root,text='ln20',bd=1,relief=sunken,anchor=w)   #底部状态栏
status.pack(side=bottom,fill=x)
lnlabel=label(root,width=2,bg='antique white')   #左边边界栏
lnlabel.pack(side=left,fill=y)
textpad=text(root,undo=true)   #设置文本框
textpad.pack(expand=yes,fill=both)
scroll=scrollbar(textpad)   #右边进度条栏
textpad.config(yscrollcommand=scroll.set)
scroll.config(command=textpad.yview)
scroll.pack(side=right,fill=y)
root.mainloop()

运行效果：

二、简单画图

# 画图程序
import os
import tkinter
import tkinter.simpledialog
import tkinter.colorchooser
import tkinter.filedialog
from pil import image
from pil import imagegrab
def openitem():
    global img
    filename=tkinter.filedialog.askopenfilename(title="open",filetypes=[('image','*.png *.gif')])
    if filename:
        img=tkinter.photoimage(file=filename)
        canvas.create_image(400,300,image=img)
def saveitem():
    savex=int(root.winfo_rootx())
    savey=int(root.winfo_rooty())
    savew=root.winfo_width()
    saveh=root.winfo_height()
    im=imagegrab.grab((savex,savey,savex+savew,savey+saveh))      
    filename=tkinter.filedialog.asksaveasfilename(title='save',filetypes=[('image','*.png *.gif')])
    if not filename:
        return
    try:
        if filename[filename.index('.'):] in ['.png','.gif']==false:
            filename+='.png'
    except:
        filename+='.png'
    im.save(filename)
def clearitem():
    for i in canvas.find_all():
        canvas.delete(i)
def curvetype():   
    pentype.set(1)
def linetype():
    pentype.set(2)
def rectangletype():
    pentype.set(3)
def texttype():
    global usertext
    usertext=tkinter.simpledialog.askstring(title="please input your words", prompt='')
    pentype.set(4)
def erasetype():
    pentype.set(5)
def chooseforecolor():
    global forecolor    
    forecolor=tkinter.colorchooser.askcolor()[1]
def choosebackcolor():
    global backcolor
    backcolor=tkinter.colorchooser.askcolor()[1]
def onclickleft(event):
    global usertext
    candraw.set(1)
    x.set(event.x)
    y.set(event.y)
    if pentype.get()==4:
        canvas.create_text(event.x,event.y,text=usertext)
def onmoveleft(event):
    global lastpaint,forecolor,backcolor
    if candraw.get()==0:
        return
    if pentype.get()==1:        #绘制曲线
        canvas.create_line(x.get(),y.get(),event.x,event.y,fill=forecolor)
        x.set(event.x)
        y.set(event.y)
    elif pentype.get()==2:      #绘制直线(预览)
        try:
            canvas.delete(lastpaint)
        except:
            pass
        lastpaint=canvas.create_line(x.get(),y.get(),event.x,event.y,fill=forecolor)
    elif pentype.get()==3:      #绘制矩形(预览)
        try:
            canvas.delete(lastpaint)
        except:
            pass
        lastpaint=canvas.create_rectangle(x.get(),y.get(),event.x,event.y,fill=backcolor,outline=forecolor)
    elif pentype.get()==5:      #橡皮擦
        canvas.create_rectangle(event.x-5,event.y-5,event.x+5,event.y+5,fill=backcolor,outline=backcolor)
def onreleaseleft(event):
    global lastpaint,forecolor,backcolor
    lastpaint=0  
    if pentype.get()==2:         #抬起左键画直线
        canvas.create_line(x.get(),y.get(),event.x,event.y,fill=forecolor)
    elif pentype.get()==3:      #抬起左键就画矩形
        canvas.create_rectangle(x.get(),y.get(),event.x,event.y,fill=backcolor,outline=forecolor)
    candraw.set(0)
def onreleaseright(event):
    menu.post(event.x_root, event.y_root)
root=tkinter.tk()
root.title("paint")
root.geometry("800x600+280+50")
lastpaint=0
usertext=""
forecolor='black'
backcolor='white'
x=tkinter.intvar(value=0)
y=tkinter.intvar(value=0)
candraw=tkinter.intvar(value=0)     #能否画图，1：能，0:不能
pentype=tkinter.intvar(value=1)     #画笔类型，1：曲线，2：直线，3：矩形，4：文本，5：橡皮擦
menu=tkinter.menu(root,tearoff=0)
submenu=tkinter.menu(menu,tearoff=0)
img=tkinter.photoimage()
canvas=tkinter.canvas(root,bg='white',width=800,height=600)
canvas.create_image(800,600,image=img)
menu.add_command(label='open',command=openitem)
menu.add_command(label='save as',command=saveitem)
menu.add_separator()
submenu.add_command(label='curve',command=curvetype)
submenu.add_command(label='line',command=linetype)
submenu.add_command(label='rectangle',command=rectangletype)
submenu.add_command(label='text',command=texttype)
submenu.add_command(label='erase',command=erasetype)
menu.add_cascade(label='pen type',menu=submenu)
menu.add_separator()
menu.add_command(label='foreground color',command=chooseforecolor)
menu.add_command(label='bakckground color',command=choosebackcolor)
menu.add_separator()
menu.add_command(label='clear',command=clearitem)
canvas.bind('<button-1>', onclickleft)
canvas.bind('<b1-motion>',onmoveleft)
canvas.bind('<buttonrelease-1>',onreleaseleft)
canvas.bind('<buttonrelease-3>',onreleaseright)
canvas.pack(fill=tkinter.both,expand=tkinter.yes)
root.mainloop()

 运行效果：

总结

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