浅谈AspectCore_实用技巧
什么是AspectCore Project ?
AspectCore Project 是适用于Asp.Net Core 平台的轻量级 Aop(Aspect-oriented programming) 解决方案,它更好的遵循Asp.Net Core的模块化开发理念,使用AspectCore可以更容易构建低耦合、易扩展的Web应用程序。AspectCore使用Emit实现高效的动态代理从而不依赖任何第三方Aop库。
开使使用AspectCore
启动 Visual Studio。从 File 菜单, 选择 New > Project。选择 ASP.NET Core Web Application 项目模版,创建新的 ASP.NET Core Web Application 项目。
从 Nuget 安装 AspectCore.Extensions.DependencyInjection package:
PM> Install-Package AspectCore.Extensions.DependencyInjection
在一般情况下可以使用抽象的InterceptorAttribute自定义特性类,它实现IInterceptor接口。AspectCore默认实现了基于Attribute的拦截器配置。我们的自定义拦截器看起来像下面这样:
public class CustomInterceptorAttribute : InterceptorAttribute { public async override Task Invoke(IAspectContext context, AspectDelegate next) { try { Console.WriteLine("Before service call"); await next(context); } catch (Exception) { Console.WriteLine("Service threw an exception!"); throw; } finally { Console.WriteLine("After service call"); } } }
定义ICustomService接口和它的实现类CustomService:
public interface ICustomService { [CustomInterceptor] void Call(); } public class CustomService : ICustomService { public void Call() { Console.WriteLine("service calling..."); } }
在HomeController中注入ICustomService:
public class HomeController : Controller { private readonly ICustomService _service; public HomeController(ICustomService service) { _service = service; } public IActionResult Index() { _service.Call(); return View(); } }
注册ICustomService,接着,在ConfigureServices中配置创建代理类型的容器:
public IServiceProvider ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services) { services.AddTransient<ICustomService, CustomService>(); services.AddMvc(); services.AddAspectCore(); return services.BuildAspectCoreServiceProvider(); }
拦截器配置。首先安装AspectCore.Extensions.Configuration package:
PM> Install-Package AspectCore.Extensions.Configuration
全局拦截器。使用AddAspectCore(Action<AspectCoreOptions>)
的重载方法,其中AspectCoreOptions提供InterceptorFactories注册全局拦截器:
services.AddAspectCore(config => { config.InterceptorFactories.AddTyped<CustomInterceptorAttribute>(); });
带构造器参数的全局拦截器,在CustomInterceptorAttribute
中添加带参数的构造器:
public class CustomInterceptorAttribute : InterceptorAttribute { private readonly string _name; public CustomInterceptorAttribute(string name) { _name = name; } public async override Task Invoke(AspectContext context, AspectDelegate next) { try { Console.WriteLine("Before service call"); await next(context); } catch (Exception) { Console.WriteLine("Service threw an exception!"); throw; } finally { Console.WriteLine("After service call"); } } }
修改全局拦截器注册:
services.AddAspectCore(config => { config.InterceptorFactories.AddTyped<CustomInterceptorAttribute>(args: new object[] { "custom" }); });
作为服务的全局拦截器。在ConfigureServices中添加:
services.AddTransient<CustomInterceptorAttribute>(provider => new CustomInterceptorAttribute("service"));
修改全局拦截器注册:
services.AddAspectCore(config => { config.InterceptorFactories.AddServiced<CustomInterceptorAttribute>(); });
作用于特定Service或Method的全局拦截器,下面的代码演示了作用于带有Service后缀的类的全局拦截器:
services.AddAspectCore(config => { config.InterceptorFactories.AddTyped<CustomInterceptorAttribute>(method => method.DeclaringType.Name.EndsWith("Service")); });
使用通配符的特定全局拦截器:
services.AddAspectCore(config => { config.InterceptorFactories.AddTyped<CustomInterceptorAttribute>(PredicateFactory.ForService("*Service")); });
在AspectCore中提供NonAspectAttribute来使得Service或Method不被代理:
[NonAspect] public interface ICustomService { void Call(); }
同时支持全局忽略配置,亦支持通配符:
services.AddAspectCore(config => { //App1命名空间下的Service不会被代理 config.NonAspectOptions.AddNamespace("App1"); //最后一级为App1的命名空间下的Service不会被代理 config.NonAspectOptions.AddNamespace("*.App1"); //ICustomService接口不会被代理 config.NonAspectOptions.AddService("ICustomService"); //后缀为Service的接口和类不会被代理 config.NonAspectOptions.AddService("*Service"); //命名为Query的方法不会被代理 config.NonAspectOptions.AddMethod("Query"); //后缀为Query的方法不会被代理 config.NonAspectOptions.AddMethod("*Query"); });
拦截器中的依赖注入。在拦截器中支持属性注入,构造器注入和服务定位器模式。
属性注入,在拦截器中拥有public get and set权限的属性标记[AspectCore.Abstractions.FromServices
](区别于Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.FromServices
)特性,即可自动注入该属性,如:
public class CustomInterceptorAttribute : InterceptorAttribute { [AspectCore.Abstractions.FromServices] public ILogger<CustomInterceptorAttribute> Logger { get; set; } public override Task Invoke(AspectContext context, AspectDelegate next) { Logger.LogInformation("call interceptor"); return next(context); } }
构造器注入需要使拦截器作为Service,除全局拦截器外,仍可使用ServiceInterceptor使拦截器从DI中激活:
public interface ICustomService { [ServiceInterceptor(typeof(CustomInterceptorAttribute))] void Call(); }
服务定位器模式。拦截器上下文AspectContext可以获取当前Scoped的ServiceProvider:
public class CustomInterceptorAttribute : InterceptorAttribute { public override Task Invoke(AspectContext context, AspectDelegate next) { var logger = context.ServiceProvider.GetService<ILogger<CustomInterceptorAttribute>>(); logger.LogInformation("call interceptor"); return next(context); } }
使用Autofac和AspectCore。AspectCore原生支持集成Autofac,我们需要安装下面两个nuget packages:
PM> Install-Package Autofac.Extensions.DependencyInjection PM> Install-Package AspectCore.Extensions.Autofac
AspectCore提供RegisterAspectCore扩展方法在Autofac的Container中注册动态代理需要的服务,并提供AsInterfacesProxy和AsClassProxy扩展方法启用interface和class的代理。修改ConfigureServices方法为:
public IServiceProvider ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services) { services.AddMvc(); var container = new ContainerBuilder(); container.RegisterAspectCore(); container.Populate(services); container.RegisterType<CustomService>().As<ICustomService>().InstancePerDependency().AsInterfacesProxy(); return new AutofacServiceProvider(container.Build()); }
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