系统设计design for failure思想

      complex systems fail in spectacular ways. failure isn’t a question of if, but when. resilient systems recover from failure; robust systems resist failure. avoid single points of failure. accept the fact that you have to build a distributed system.

1、假定任何环节都有可能出问题，然后倒推依次设计
2、避免单点故障（single point of failure）
3、目标:应用能够连续工作，服务一直可用
4、充分考虑到多可用区az（availability zone）

traditionally we've tried to "avoid" failure by doing whatever we could to make services/components "not fail". we would deploy monolithic "appliances" (hardware or software) and if that appliance failed it was a significant event. as we start to move toward distributed systems, especially microservices, we find that there are many more points of failure. microservices are implemented as a collection of services that evolve independently and interact and react to their surrounding environments including the changing of user/customer behaviors, business strategy/direction, system behavior, and even other services. one premise of these types of complex-adaptive systems is the ability to withstand failures and unexpected faults.

to do this, you must design your services with failure in mind. there are a handful of practices that come to mind:

• maximize service availability
• self healing
• isolate the "blast radius" of any single failure
• continually prove your system has been designed for failure

最后以一首歌做为结束。the musician laurie anderson captured this dynamic in her song “walking and falling”: 大家体会一下 design for failure

you’re walking. and you don’t always realize it,

but you’re always falling.

with each step you fall forward slightly.

and then catch yourself from falling.

over and over, you’re falling.

and then catching yourself from falling.

and this is how you can be walking and falling

at the same time.

－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－

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作者：petter liu
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