Linux下使用Tomcat7搭建高性能Java服务器 应用服务器LinuxJavaTomcatnginx
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2022-06-05 21:19:00
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1. 架构说明： nginx + 4个tomcat
nginx作为前端代理，并且肩负负载均衡的作用，多个tomcat可以解决单台服务器高并发的性能问题，至于后端放几个tomcat要看你的服务器有多大内存，我的服务器是4核的CPU，8G内存。
2. nginx安装简单说明:
编译参数：
--prefix=/opt/mysql/ --enable-assembler --with-extra-charsets=complex \
--enable-thread-safe-client --with-big-tables --with-readline --with-ssl --with-embedded-server \
--enable-local-infile --with-plugins=innobase
可以根据自己的环境修改配置
nginx.conf配置：
user www;
worker_processes 8;
error_log /opt/logs/nginx/default/error/log;
pid logs/nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;
events {
use epoll;
worker_connections 1024; #有的设置到65535
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
client_header_buffer_size 128k;
large_client_header_buffers 8 128k;
client_max_body_size 200m;
client_body_buffer_size 128k;
proxy_connect_timeout 600;
proxy_read_timeout 600;
proxy_send_timeout 600;
proxy_buffer_size 16k;
proxy_buffers 4 32k;
proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k;
log_format main '$remote_addr $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" $status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"';
access_log /opt/logs/nginx/default/access/log main;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_comp_level 8;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_types text/plain application/xml;
gzip_vary on;
proxy_temp_path /opt/nginx_cache/proxy_temp_path;
proxy_cache_path /opt/nginx_cache/proxy_cache_path levels=1:2 keys_zone=cache_one:200m inactive=1d max_size=30g;
upstream testservers {
server 127.0.0.1:8080 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;
server 127.0.0.1:8081 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;
server 127.0.0.1:8082 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;
server 127.0.0.1:8083 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name test.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php index.jsp;
charset utf-8;
location ~ .*\.(js|jpg|JPG|jpeg|JPEG|bmp|gif|GIF)$ {
proxy_cache cache_one;
proxy_cache_valid 200 304 1h;
proxy_cache_valid 301 302 1m;
proxy_cache_valid any 1m;
proxy_cache_key $host$uri$is_args$args;
proxy_pass http://testervers;
proxy_redirect default;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
proxy_set_header Range $http_range;
proxy_next_upstream http_502 http_504 error timeout invalid_header;
}
location / {
proxy_pass http://testservers;
proxy_redirect default;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
proxy_set_header Range $http_range;
proxy_next_upstream http_502 http_504 error timeout invalid_header;
}
# 对管理后台进行访问限制
location ^~/manager/ {
allow 你的IP;
deny all;
proxy_pass http://testservers;
proxy_redirect default;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
proxy_set_header Range $http_range;
proxy_next_upstream http_502 http_504 error timeout invalid_header;
}
}
}
}
从上面配置可以看出，nginx会把http请求均匀分发给8080,8081,8082,8083几个端口的后端服务，实现负载均衡的效果。
3. Tomcat 配置
server.xml配置，由于一个<Service></Service>会启动一个实例，所以我们这里要启动4个tomcat实例就设置4个Service :
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" />
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JasperListener" />
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" />
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" />
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener" />
<GlobalNamingResources>
<Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container"
type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"
description="User database that can be updated and saved"
factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory"
pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" />
</GlobalNamingResources>
<Service name="Catalina0">
<Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
minSpareThreads="100"
acceptCount="1000"
connectionTimeout="50000"
maxThreads="3000"
disableUploadTimeout="true"
URIEncoding="UTF-8"
redirectPort="8443" />
<Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />
<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">
<Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm">
<Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm"
resourceName="UserDatabase"/>
</Realm>
<Host name="localhost" appBase="/opt/www/webapps"
unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
</Host>
</Engine>
</Service>
<Service name="Catalina1">
<Connector port="8081" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
minSpareThreads="100"
acceptCount="1000"
connectionTimeout="50000"
maxThreads="3000"
disableUploadTimeout="true"
URIEncoding="UTF-8"
redirectPort="8444" />
<Connector port="8010" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8444" />
<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">
<Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm">
<Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm"
resourceName="UserDatabase"/>
</Realm>
<Host name="localhost" appBase="/opt/www/webapps"
unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
</Host>
</Engine>
</Service>
<Service name="Catalina2">
<Connector port="8082" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
minSpareThreads="100"
acceptCount="1000"
connectionTimeout="50000"
maxThreads="3000"
disableUploadTimeout="true"
URIEncoding="UTF-8"
redirectPort="8445" />
<Connector port="8011" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8445" />
<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">
<Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm">
<Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm"
resourceName="UserDatabase"/>
</Realm>
<Host name="localhost" appBase="/opt/www/webapps"
unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
</Host>
</Engine>
</Service>
<Service name="Catalina3">
<Connector port="8083" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
minSpareThreads="100"
acceptCount="1000"
connectionTimeout="50000"
maxThreads="3000"
disableUploadTimeout="true"
URIEncoding="UTF-8"
redirectPort="8446" />
<Connector port="8011" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8446" />
<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">
<Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm">
<Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm"
resourceName="UserDatabase"/>
</Realm>
<Host name="localhost" appBase="/opt/www/webapps"
unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
</Host>
</Engine>
</Service>
</Server>
然后可以设置tomcat为Linux的服务，以便可以自动启动，创建权限为755的配置文件：/etc/init.d/tomcat，内容如下：
#!/bin/bash
#
# tomcatd This shell script takes care of starting and stopping
# standalone tomcat
#
# chkconfig: 345 91 10
# description: tomcat service
# processname: tomcat
# config file:
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
# Check that networking is up.
[ ${NETWORKING} = "no" ] && exit 0
prog=tomcat
export JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk
export CATALINA_HOME=/opt/tomcat
export CATALINA_OPTS='-Xms2048m -Xmx2048m' #初始化JVM内存可以自己根据情况设置
PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
STARTUP=$CATALINA_HOME/bin/startup.sh
SHUTDOWN=$CATALINA_HOME/bin/shutdown.sh
if [ ! -f $CATALINA_HOME/bin/startup.sh ]
then
echo "CATALINA_HOME for tomcat not available"
exit
fi
start() {
# Start daemons.
echo -n $"Startting tomcat service: "
daemon $STARTUP
RETVAL=$?
return $RETVAL
}
stop() {
# Stop daemons.
echo -n $"Stoping tomcat service: "
$SHUTDOWN
RETVAL=$?
return $RETVAL
}
# See how we were called.
case "$1" in
start)
start
;;
stop)
stop
;;
restart|reload)
stop
start
RETVAL=$?
;;
status)
status $prog
RETVAL=$?
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|status}"
exit 1
esac
exit $RETVAL
添加服务：chkconfig --add tomcat
设置自动启动：chkconfig tomcat on
另外，需要修改tomcat/bin/startup.sh，在#!/bin/sh下面添加：CATALINA_OPTS='-Xms2048m -Xmx2048m'
4. Tomcat全局filter解决乱码问题：
代码就不写了，说下过程，filter代码网上到处都是，我要说的在tomcat/conf/web.xml中增加filter配置，和在单独应用中增加一样，然后把filter的class打包jar文件放在tomcat/lib目录下即可。
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