基于Pygame实现简单的贪吃蛇游戏

导入相关的包

import pygame, sys, random
from pygame.locals import *

设置屏幕大小以及基本参数

设置屏幕大小为400*400，mainclock = pygame.time.clock()用来设置时间同步，不会根据计算机的运行来决定运行多少次， mainclock.tick(1) 一秒只会运行一次，设置了屏幕的底色为白色。

# 定义屏幕的宽高
width = 400
height = 400
# 初始化屏幕 设置窗口标题
surface = pygame.display.set_mode((width, height), 0, 32)
pygame.display.set_caption('贪吃蛇')

pygame.init()
mainclock = pygame.time.clock()

# 定义使用的颜色
black = (0, 0, 0)
green = (0, 255, 0)
white = (255, 255, 255)


while true:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == quit:
            pygame.quit()
            sys.exit()

    surface.fill(white)
    pygame.display.update()
    mainclock.tick(1)

设置贪吃蛇的位置，以及移动的大小

这里设置了贪吃蛇的长度和起始位置，和食物和蛇的宽度，这里必须设置为可以被食物和蛇的宽度整除的数，这样才能保证蛇能到任意的位置

# 设置蛇的初始长度
snakewidth = 4
# 设置蛇的起始位置为（40，40）
snakex = 40
snakey = 40
# 食物和蛇的宽度设置为8
foodsnakewidth = 8
# 定义四个方向
moveleft = false
moveright = false
moveup = false
movedown = false
# 定义初始的方向
moveright = true


def getsnake():
    # 设置蛇的初始长度为4,并设置蛇的初始位置为(40,40)
    # 因为贪吃蛇会拐弯，所以将蛇设置为一个列表
    snake = []
    for i in range(snakewidth):
        snake.append(pygame.rect(snakex + i * foodsnakewidth, snakey, foodsnakewidth, foodsnakewidth))
    return snake


# 贪吃蛇
snake = getsnake()

绘制蛇

surface.fill(white)
for s in snake:
    pygame.draw.rect(surface, black, s)

让蛇动起来

这里将蛇列表最后一位移除，然后将第一位的位置根据方向加减坐标

    snake.pop()
    newtop = copy.deepcopy(snake[0])
    # 改变蛇的位置
    if moveright:
        newtop.left += foodsnakewidth
    if moveleft:
        newtop.left -= foodsnakewidth
    if moveup:
        newtop.top -= foodsnakewidth
    if movedown:
        newtop.top += foodsnakewidth

    snake.insert(0, newtop)

这样会有一个问题，如果超出屏幕呢，我们将超出屏幕，那么就会消失，我们只需要你移动第一个元素的时候，如果超出则将元素移动另一个位置。

    # 改变蛇的位置
    if moveright:
        if newtop.right == width:
            newtop.left = 0
        else:
            newtop.left += foodsnakewidth
    if moveleft:
        if newtop.left == 0:
            newtop.right == width
        else:
            newtop.left -= foodsnakewidth
    if moveup:
        if newtop.top == 0:
            newtop.bottom = height
        else:
            newtop.top -= foodsnakewidth
    if movedown:
        if newtop.bottom == height:
            newtop.top = 0
        else:
            newtop.top += foodsnakewidth

实现贪吃蛇拐弯

为了实现对应的功能，我们将方向变量改为一个变量，这样我们方便修改方向

# 定义四个方向
# moveleft moveright moveup movedown
# 定义初始的方向
snakedirection = "moveright"
  ----
  省略的代码
  ----
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == quit:
            pygame.quit()
            sys.exit()
        if event.type == keydown:
            if event.key == k_left:
                if snakedirection == "moveright":
                    snake.reverse()
                snakedirection = "moveleft"
            if event.key == k_right:
                if snakedirection == "moveleft":
                    snake.reverse()
                snakedirection = "moveright"
            if event.key == k_up:
                if snakedirection == "movedown":
                    snake.reverse()
                snakedirection = "moveup"
            if event.key == k_down:
                if snakedirection == "moveup":
                    snake.reverse()
                snakedirection = "movedown"

为了方便看到效果，我将mainclock.tick(1) 设置为mainclock.tick(3)

实现随机食物

这里用了很啰嗦的代码，我自己也看不下去，有点含糊，这里为了简单只设计了一个食物，遍历屏幕上不是贪吃蛇的可以放食物的集合，然后随机生成一个食物。

    if len(foods) < foodnum:

        canfoodcoll = []
        # 获取当前不是贪吃蛇的位置集合
        for x in range(sizenum):
            for y in range(sizenum):
                foodexist = true
                for sn in snake:
                    if x * foodsnakewidth == sn.left and y * foodsnakewidth == sn.top:
                        foodexist = false
                        break
                if foodexist:
                    canfoodcoll.append({'x': x, 'y': y})
        f = canfoodcoll[random.randint(0, len(canfoodcoll))]
        foods.append(pygame.rect(f['x'], f['y'], foodsnakewidth, foodsnakewidth))

吃食物

这里用 colliderect判断二者是否相撞，然后食物集合置空，不减去贪吃蛇集合的最后一个元素。

    if len(foods) < foodnum:

        canfoodcoll = []
        # 获取当前不是贪吃蛇的位置集合
        for x in range(sizenum):
            for y in range(sizenum):
                foodexist = true
                for sn in snake:
                    if x * foodsnakewidth == sn.left and y * foodsnakewidth == sn.top:
                        foodexist = false
                        break
                if foodexist:
                    canfoodcoll.append({'x': x, 'y': y})
        f = canfoodcoll[random.randint(0, len(canfoodcoll))]
        foods.append(pygame.rect(f['x'] * foodsnakewidth, f['y'] * foodsnakewidth, foodsnakewidth, foodsnakewidth))
        print(f['x'])
        print(f['y'])
    else:
        if newtop.colliderect(foods[0]):
            foods = []
            eatflg = true
        print('xxx')

完整代码 

import pygame, sys, random
from pygame.locals import *
import copy

# 定义屏幕的宽高
width = 400
height = 400
# 初始化屏幕 设置窗口标题
surface = pygame.display.set_mode((width, height), 0, 32)
pygame.display.set_caption('贪吃蛇')

pygame.init()
mainclock = pygame.time.clock()

# 定义使用的颜色
black = (0, 0, 0)
green = (0, 255, 0)
white = (255, 255, 255)

# 设置蛇的初始长度
snakewidth = 4
# 设置蛇的起始位置为（40，40）
snakex = 40
snakey = 40
# 食物和蛇的宽度设置为8
foodsnakewidth = 8
# 定义四个方向
# moveleft moveright moveup movedown
# 定义初始的方向
snakedirection = "moveright"

# 食物区间
foods = []
# 用去宽度处以对应的 大小，减去1 就是食物矩形起点可以存在的区间
#sizenum = height / foodsnakewidth - 1
# 这里为了减少计算
sizenum = 39
# 为了简单我们只设置一个食物
foodnum = 1


def getsnake():
    # 设置蛇的初始长度为4,并设置蛇的初始位置为(40,40)
    # 因为贪吃蛇会拐弯，所以将蛇设置为一个列表
    snake = []
    for i in range(snakewidth):
        snake.append(pygame.rect(snakex + i * foodsnakewidth, snakey, foodsnakewidth, foodsnakewidth))
    return snake


# 贪吃蛇
snake = getsnake()

while true:

    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == quit:
            pygame.quit()
            sys.exit()
        if event.type == keydown:
            if event.key == k_left:
                if snakedirection == "moveright":
                    snake.reverse()
                snakedirection = "moveleft"
            if event.key == k_right:
                if snakedirection == "moveleft":
                    snake.reverse()
                snakedirection = "moveright"
            if event.key == k_up:
                if snakedirection == "movedown":
                    snake.reverse()
                snakedirection = "moveup"
            if event.key == k_down:
                if snakedirection == "moveup":
                    snake.reverse()
                snakedirection = "movedown"
    surface.fill(white)
    for s in snake:
        pygame.draw.rect(surface, black, s)
    for f in foods:
        pygame.draw.rect(surface, green, f)
    pygame.display.update()


    # 是否吃了食物
    eatflg = false

    newtop = copy.deepcopy(snake[0])
    # 改变蛇的位置
    if snakedirection == "moveright":
        if newtop.right == width:
            newtop.left = 0
        else:
            newtop.left += foodsnakewidth
    if snakedirection == "moveleft":
        if newtop.left == 0:
            newtop.right = width
        else:
            newtop.left -= foodsnakewidth
    if snakedirection == "moveup":
        if newtop.top == 0:
            newtop.bottom = height
        else:
            newtop.top -= foodsnakewidth
    if snakedirection == "movedown":
        if newtop.bottom == height:
            newtop.top = 0
        else:
            newtop.top += foodsnakewidth

    if len(foods) < foodnum:

        canfoodcoll = []
        # 获取当前不是贪吃蛇的位置集合
        for x in range(sizenum):
            for y in range(sizenum):
                foodexist = true
                for sn in snake:
                    if x * foodsnakewidth == sn.left and y * foodsnakewidth == sn.top:
                        foodexist = false
                        break
                if foodexist:
                    canfoodcoll.append({'x': x, 'y': y})
        f = canfoodcoll[random.randint(0, len(canfoodcoll))]
        foods.append(pygame.rect(f['x'] * foodsnakewidth, f['y'] * foodsnakewidth, foodsnakewidth, foodsnakewidth))
        print(f['x'])
        print(f['y'])
    else:
        if newtop.colliderect(foods[0]):
            foods = []
            eatflg = true
        print('xxx')



    snake.insert(0, newtop)
    if not eatflg:
        snake.pop()

    mainclock.tick(3) 

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