循序渐进PostgreSQL:实现PostgreSQL自启动

循序渐进PostgreSQL:实现PostgreSQL自启动 在手动安装（针对源码编译PG或者是解压缩版安装PG的情形）情况下，PG并不是在开机的情况下自动启动，在关机的情况下自动停止，作为DBA人员来说，显然这样的情形是无法接受的。 www.2cto.com 1. windows下的服务自启

循序渐进PostgreSQL:实现PostgreSQL自启动

在手动安装（针对源码编译PG或者是解压缩版安装PG的情形）情况下，PG并不是在开机的情况下自动启动，在关机的情况下自动停止，作为DBA人员来说，显然这样的情形是无法接受的。

www.2cto.com

1. windows下的服务自启动

在Windows下， 可以使用pg_ctl命令生成PostgreSQL服务，并让它自启动。实际上，安装版本也是这么做的。 我们不妨看看pg_ctl命令的详细帮助先：

D:\pg921>pg_ctl --help

pg_ctl is a utility to initialize, start, stop, or control a PostgreSQL server.

Usage:

pg_ctl init[db] [-D DATADIR] [-s] [-o "OPTIONS"]

pg_ctl start [-w] [-t SECS] [-D DATADIR] [-s] [-l FILENAME] [-o "OPTIONS"]

pg_ctl stop [-W] [-t SECS] [-D DATADIR] [-s] [-m SHUTDOWN-MODE]

pg_ctl restart [-w] [-t SECS] [-D DATADIR] [-s] [-m SHUTDOWN-MODE]

[-o "OPTIONS"]

pg_ctl reload [-D DATADIR] [-s]

pg_ctl status [-D DATADIR]

pg_ctl promote [-D DATADIR] [-s]

pg_ctl kill SIGNALNAME PID

pg_ctl register [-N SERVICENAME] [-U USERNAME] [-P PASSWORD] [-D DATADIR]

[-S START-TYPE] [-w] [-t SECS] [-o "OPTIONS"]

pg_ctl unregister [-N SERVICENAME]

Common options:

-D, --pgdata=DATADIR location of the database storage area

-s, --silent only print errors, no informational messages

-t, --timeout=SECS seconds to wait when using -w option

-V, --version output version information, then exit

-w wait until operation completes

-W do not wait until operation completes

-?, --help show this help, then exit

(The default is to wait for shutdown, but not for start or restart.)

If the -D option is omitted, the environment variable PGDATA is used.

Options for start or restart:

-c, --core-files not applicable on this platform

-l, --log=FILENAME write (or append) server log to FILENAME

-o OPTIONS command line options to pass to postgres

(PostgreSQL server executable) or initdb

-p PATH-TO-POSTGRES normally not necessary

Options for stop or restart:

-m, --mode=MODE MODE can be "smart", "fast", or "immediate"

Shutdown modes are:

smart quit after all clients have disconnected

fast quit directly, with proper shutdown

immediate quit without complete shutdown; will lead to recovery on restart

Allowed signal names for kill:

ABRT HUP INT QUIT TERM USR1 USR2

Options for register and unregister:

-N SERVICENAME service name with which to register PostgreSQL server

-P PASSWORD password of account to register PostgreSQL server

-U USERNAME user name of account to register PostgreSQL server

-S START-TYPE service start type to register PostgreSQL server

Start types are:

auto start service automatically during system startup (default)

demand start service on demand

Report bugs to .

从上边可以看出，pg_ctl register用于生成服务，而pg_ctl unregister -N 用于删除一个服务。

如：

D:\pg921>pg_ctl register -N pg921 -D d:\pg921\data -S auto -w -t 10 -l d:/pg921/log/pg921.log -o "-p 5433"

此命令，即是要生成一个服务：pg921, 启动方式： -S auto, 自启动，如果想生成手动启动，就用-S demand来指定。

-t 10，意指等待10秒钟, 实际上可以设定的长一些(在生产环境中).

-l d:/pg921/log/pg921.log，　指定生成的日志文件的位置。

-o "-p 5433", 将服务端口号改为5433。

验证一下上述命令生成的效果：

D:\pg921>net start pg921

The pg921 service is starting.

The pg921 service was started successfully.

D:\pg921>psql -p 5433 iihero

psql (9.2.1)

Type "help" for help.

iihero=# \q

2. Linux下的服务自启动

在Linux下，我们需要写一个自启动的脚本，至少支持两个命令选项： start 和 stop，并将这个脚本建立适当的链接。我们就以Ubuntu10为例，

先看看系统有没有chkconfig命令工具： www.2cto.com

xionghe@seanlinux2:~$ chkconfig

程序“chkconfig”尚未安装。 您可以使用以下命令安装：

sudo apt-get install chkconfig

xionghe@seanlinux2:~$ sudo apt-get install chkconfig

脚本内容如下： 放入目录/etc/init.d目录下边

#! /bin/sh

# Installation prefix

prefix=/home/xionghe/pgsql

# Data directory

PGDATA="/home/xionghe/pgsql/data"

# Who to run the postmaster as, usually "postgres". (NOT "root")

PGUSER=xionghe

# Where to keep a log file

PGLOG="$PGDATA/serverlog"

# It's often a good idea to protect the postmaster from being killed by the

# OOM killer (which will tend to preferentially kill the postmaster because

# of the way it accounts for shared memory). Setting the OOM_ADJ value to

# -17 will disable OOM kill altogether. If you enable this, you probably want

# to compile PostgreSQL with "-DLINUX_OOM_ADJ=0", so that individual backends

# can still be killed by the OOM killer.

#OOM_ADJ=-17

## STOP EDITING HERE

# The path that is to be used for the script

PATH=/home/xionghe/pgsql/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin

# What to use to start up the postmaster. (If you want the script to wait

# until the server has started, you could use "pg_ctl start -w" here.

# But without -w, pg_ctl adds no value.)

DAEMON="$prefix/bin/postmaster"

# What to use to shut down the postmaster

PGCTL="$prefix/bin/pg_ctl"

set -e

# Only start if we can find the postmaster.

test -x $DAEMON ||

{

echo "$DAEMON not found"

if [ "$1" = "stop" ]

then exit 0

else exit 5

fi

}

# Parse command line parameters.

case $1 in

start)

echo -n "Starting PostgreSQL: "

test x"$OOM_ADJ" != x && echo "$OOM_ADJ" > /proc/self/oom_adj

su - $PGUSER -c "$DAEMON -D '$PGDATA' &" >>$PGLOG 2>&1

echo "ok"

;;

stop)

echo -n "Stopping PostgreSQL: "

su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL stop -D '$PGDATA' -s -m fast"

echo "ok"

;;

restart)

echo -n "Restarting PostgreSQL: "

su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL stop -D '$PGDATA' -s -m fast -w"

test x"$OOM_ADJ" != x && echo "$OOM_ADJ" > /proc/self/oom_adj

su - $PGUSER -c "$DAEMON -D '$PGDATA' &" >>$PGLOG 2>&1

echo "ok"

;;

reload)

echo -n "Reload PostgreSQL: "

su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL reload -D '$PGDATA' -s"

echo "ok"

;;

status)

su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL status -D '$PGDATA'"

;;

*)

# Print help

echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|reload|status}" 1>&2

exit 1

;;

esac

exit 0

建立相应链接：

root@seanlinux2:/etc# ln -s /etc/init.d/postgresql /etc/rc0.d/K02postgresql

root@seanlinux2:/etc# ln -s /etc/init.d/postgresql /etc/rc1.d/K02postgresql

root@seanlinux2:/etc# ln -s /etc/init.d/postgresql /etc/rc2.d/K02postgresql

root@seanlinux2:/etc# ln -s /etc/init.d/postgresql /etc/rc3.d/K98postgresql

root@seanlinux2:/etc# ln -s /etc/init.d/postgresql /etc/rc4.d/K98postgresql

root@seanlinux2:/etc# ln -s /etc/init.d/postgresql /etc/rc5.d/K98postgresql