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HashMap源码分析(JDK1.8)

程序员文章站 2022-06-04 19:25:24
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HashMap简介

JangGwa从源码角度带你熟悉一下JDK1.8的HashMap,首先简单介绍下HashMap。

1.HashMap有三种数据结构,数组链表红黑树

2.HashMap是非线程安全

3.HashMap存储的内容是键值对(key-value)映射,key、value都可以为null

4.HashMap中的映射不是有序的。

5.实现了Cloneable接口,能被克隆

6.实现了Serializable接口,支持序列化

HashMap源码解析

HashMap继承了AbstractMap并实现了Map, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable 接口,上面做了相应的介绍就不再阐述了。关键我们看两个重要的属性initialCapacity,loadFactor

initialCapacity:初始容量,是哈希表创建中桶的数量。

loadFactor:加载因子(默认0.75),是哈希表在其容量自动增加之前可以达到多满的一种尺度。

当哈希表中的条目数超出了加载因子与当前容量的乘积时,哈希表将具有两倍的桶数。

public class More ...HashMap<K,V> extends AbstractMap<K,V>
     implements Map<K,V>, Cloneable, Serializable {
      private static final long serialVersionUID = 362498820763181265L;
      // 默认的初始容量(容量为HashMap中槽的数目)是16
      static final int DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY = 1 << 4; // aka 16
      // 最大容量(必须是2的幂且小于2的30次方,传入容量过大将被这个值替换)
      static final int MAXIMUM_CAPACITY = 1 << 30;
      // 默认加载因子
      static final float DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR = 0.75f;
      // list to tree 的临界值
      static final int TREEIFY_THRESHOLD = 8;
      // 删除冲突节点后,hash相同的节点数目小于这个数,红黑树就恢复成链表
      static final int UNTREEIFY_THRESHOLD = 6;
      // 扩容的临界值
      static final int MIN_TREEIFY_CAPACITY = 64;
      // 存储元素的数组
      transient Node<k,v>[] table;

Node节点的数据结构

// 继承自 Map.Entry<K,V>
static class Node<K,V> implements Map.Entry<K,V> {
       final int hash;
       final K key;
       V value;
       // 指向下一个节点
       Node<K,V> next;
       Node(int hash, K key, V value, Node<K,V> next) {
            this.hash = hash;
            this.key = key;
            this.value = value;
            this.next = next;
        }
        public final K getKey()        { return key; }
        public final V getValue()      { return value; }
        public final String toString() { return key + "=" + value; }
        // 返回 Hash 值
        public final int hashCode() {
            return Objects.hashCode(key) ^ Objects.hashCode(value);
        }

        public final V setValue(V newValue) {
            V oldValue = value;
            value = newValue;
            return oldValue;
        }
        // 重写 equals() 
        public final boolean equals(Object o) {
            if (o == this)
                return true;
            if (o instanceof Map.Entry) {
                Map.Entry<?,?> e = (Map.Entry<?,?>)o;
                if (Objects.equals(key, e.getKey()) &&
                    Objects.equals(value, e.getValue()))
                    return true;
            }
            return false;
        }
}


树节点数据结构

static final class TreeNode<K,V> extends LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> {
        TreeNode<K,V> parent;  // 父
        TreeNode<K,V> left;    // 左
        TreeNode<K,V> right;   // 右
        TreeNode<K,V> prev;    // needed to unlink next upon deletion
        boolean red;           // 判断颜色
        TreeNode(int hash, K key, V val, Node<K,V> next) {
            super(hash, key, val, next);
        }
        // 返回根节点
        final TreeNode<K,V> root() {
            for (TreeNode<K,V> r = this, p;;) {
                if ((p = r.parent) == null)
                    return r;
                r = p;
       }

HashMap的4个构造函数

    // 默认构造函数。
    public More ...HashMap() {
        this.loadFactor = DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR; // all   other fields defaulted
     }
     
     // 包含“子Map”的构造函数
     public More ...HashMap(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m) {
         this.loadFactor = DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR;
         putMapEntries(m, false);
     }
     
     // 指定“容量大小”的构造函数
     public More ...HashMap(int initialCapacity) {
         this(initialCapacity, DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR);
     }
     
     // 指定“容量大小”和“加载因子”的构造函数
     public More ...HashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) {
         if (initialCapacity < 0)
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal initial capacity: " + initialCapacity);
         if (initialCapacity > MAXIMUM_CAPACITY)
             initialCapacity = MAXIMUM_CAPACITY;
         if (loadFactor <= 0 || Float.isNaN(loadFactor))
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal load factor: " + loadFactor);
         this.loadFactor = loadFactor;
         this.threshold = tableSizeFor(initialCapacity);
     }


put函数

public V put(K key, V value) {
    // 对key的hashCode()做hash
    return putVal(hash(key), key, value, false, true);
}

final V putVal(int hash, K key, V value, boolean onlyIfAbsent,
               boolean evict) {
    Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> p; int n, i;
    // tab为空则创建
    if ((tab = table) == null || (n = tab.length) == 0)
        n = (tab = resize()).length;
    // 计算index,并对null做处理
    if ((p = tab[i = (n - 1) & hash]) == null)
        tab[i] = newNode(hash, key, value, null);
    else {
        Node<K,V> e; K k;
        // 节点存在
        if (p.hash == hash &&
            ((k = p.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
            e = p;
        // 该链为树
        else if (p instanceof TreeNode)
            e = ((TreeNode<K,V>)p).putTreeVal(this, tab, hash, key, value);
        // 该链为链表
        else {
            for (int binCount = 0; ; ++binCount) {
                if ((e = p.next) == null) {
                    p.next = newNode(hash, key, value, null);
                    if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD - 1) // -1 for 1st
                        treeifyBin(tab, hash);
                    break;
                }
                if (e.hash == hash &&
                    ((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
                    break;
                p = e;
            }
        }
        // 写入
        if (e != null) { // existing mapping for key
            V oldValue = e.value;
            if (!onlyIfAbsent || oldValue == null)
                e.value = value;
            afterNodeAccess(e);
            return oldValue;
        }
    }
    ++modCount;
    // 超过load factor*current capacity,resize
    if (++size > threshold)
        resize();
    afterNodeInsertion(evict);
    return null;
}

get函数

public V get(Object key) {
    Node<K,V> e;
    return (e = getNode(hash(key), key)) == null ? null : e.value;
}

final Node<K,V> getNode(int hash, Object key) {
    Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> first, e; int n; K k;
    if ((tab = table) != null && (n = tab.length) > 0 &&
        (first = tab[(n - 1) & hash]) != null) {
        // 数组元素相等
        if (first.hash == hash && // always check first node
            ((k = first.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
            return first;
        // 桶中不止一个节点
        if ((e = first.next) != null) {
            // 在树中get
            if (first instanceof TreeNode)
                return ((TreeNode<K,V>)first).getTreeNode(hash, key);
            // 在链表中get
            do {
                if (e.hash == hash &&
                    ((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
                    return e;
            } while ((e = e.next) != null);
        }
    }
    return null;
}

resize函数

final Node<K,V>[] resize() {
    Node<K,V>[] oldTab = table;
    int oldCap = (oldTab == null) ? 0 : oldTab.length;
    int oldThr = threshold;
    int newCap, newThr = 0;
    if (oldCap > 0) {
        // 超过最大值就不再扩充了,就只好随你碰撞去吧
        if (oldCap >= MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) {
            threshold = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
            return oldTab;
        }
        // 没超过最大值,就扩充为原来的2倍
        else if ((newCap = oldCap << 1) < MAXIMUM_CAPACITY && oldCap >= DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY)
            newThr = oldThr << 1; // double threshold
    }
    else if (oldThr > 0) // initial capacity was placed in threshold
        newCap = oldThr;
    else { 
        signifies using defaults
        newCap = DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY;
        newThr = (int)(DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR * DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY);
    }
    // 计算新的resize上限
    if (newThr == 0) {
        float ft = (float)newCap * loadFactor;
        newThr = (newCap < MAXIMUM_CAPACITY && ft < (float)MAXIMUM_CAPACITY ? (int)ft : Integer.MAX_VALUE);
    }
    threshold = newThr;
    @SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes","unchecked"})
        Node<K,V>[] newTab = (Node<K,V>[])new Node[newCap];
    table = newTab;
    if (oldTab != null) {
        // 把每个bucket都移动到新的buckets中
        for (int j = 0; j < oldCap; ++j) {
            Node<K,V> e;
            if ((e = oldTab[j]) != null) {
                oldTab[j] = null;
                if (e.next == null)
                    newTab[e.hash & (newCap - 1)] = e;
                else if (e instanceof TreeNode)
                    ((TreeNode<K,V>)e).split(this, newTab, j, oldCap);
                else { 
                    Node<K,V> loHead = null, loTail = null;
                    Node<K,V> hiHead = null, hiTail = null;
                    Node<K,V> next;
                    do {
                        next = e.next;
                        // 原索引
                        if ((e.hash & oldCap) == 0) {
                            if (loTail == null)
                                loHead = e;
                            else
                                loTail.next = e;
                            loTail = e;
                        }
                        // 原索引+oldCap
                        else {
                            if (hiTail == null)
                                hiHead = e;
                            else
                                hiTail.next = e;
                            hiTail = e;
                        }
                    } while ((e = next) != null);
                    // 原索引放到bucket里
                    if (loTail != null) {
                        loTail.next = null;
                        newTab[j] = loHead;
                    }
                    // 原索引+oldCap放到bucket里
                    if (hiTail != null) {
                        hiTail.next = null;
                        newTab[j + oldCap] = hiHead;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return newTab;
}

总结

  • HashMap有三种数据结构,数组链表红黑树
  • 如果冲突节点到8时,就把链表转换成红黑树
  • 如果bucket满了(超过load factor*current capacity),就要resize。
  • 在resize的过程,就是把bucket扩充为2倍,之后重新计算index,把节点再放到新的bucket中。
  • get()如果有冲突,则通过key.equals(k)去查找对应的entry
    若为树,则在树中通过key.equals(k)查找,O(logn);
    若为链表,则在链表中通过key.equals(k)查找,O(n)。