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详解vue2父组件传递props异步数据到子组件的问题

程序员文章站 2022-06-03 14:06:10
测试环境:vue v2.3.3, vue v2.3.1 案例一 父组件parent.vue // asyncdata为异步获取的数据,想传递给子组件使...

测试环境:vue v2.3.3, vue v2.3.1

案例一

父组件parent.vue

// asyncdata为异步获取的数据,想传递给子组件使用
<template>
 <div>
  父组件
  <child :child-data="asyncdata"></child>
 </div>
</template>

<script>
 import child from './child'
 export default {
  data: () => ({
   asyncdata: ''
  }),
  components: {
   child
  },
  created () {
  },
  mounted () {
   // settimeout模拟异步数据
   settimeout(() => {
    this.asyncdata = 'async data'
    console.log('parent finish')
   }, 2000)
  }
 }
</script>

子组件child.vue

<template>
 <div>
  子组件{{childdata}}
 </div>
</template>

<script>
 export default {
  props: ['childdata'],
  data: () => ({
  }),
  created () {
   console.log(this.childdata) // 空值
  },
  methods: {
  }
 }
</script>

上面按照这里的解析,子组件的html中的{{childdata}}的值会随着父组件的值而改变,但是created里面的却不会发生改变(生命周期问题)

案例二

parent.vue

<template>
 <div>
  父组件
  <child :child-object="asyncobject"></child>
 </div>
</template>

<script>
 import child from './child'
 export default {
  data: () => ({
   asyncobject: ''
  }),
  components: {
   child
  },
  created () {
  },
  mounted () {
   // settimeout模拟异步数据
   settimeout(() => {
    this.asyncobject = {'items': [1, 2, 3]}
    console.log('parent finish')
   }, 2000)
  }
 }
</script>

child.vue

<template>
 <div>
  子组件<!--这里很常见的一个问题,就是{{childobject}}可以获取且没有报错,但是{{childobject.items[0]}}不行,往往有个疑问为什么前面获取到值,后面获取不到呢?-->
  <p>{{childobject.items[0]}}</p>
 </div>
</template>

<script>
 export default {
  props: ['childobject'],
  data: () => ({
  }),
  created () {
   console.log(this.childobject) // 空值
  },
  methods: {
  }
 }
</script>

created里面的却不会发生改变, 子组件的html中的{{{childobject.items[0]}}的值虽然会随着父组件的值而改变,但是过程中会报错

// 首先传过来的是空,然后在异步刷新值,也开始时候childobject.items[0]等同于''.item[0]这样的操作,所以就会报下面的错
vue.esm.js?8910:434 [vue warn]: error in render function: "typeerror: cannot read property '0' of undefined"

针对二的解决方法:

使用v-if可以解决报错问题,和created为空问题

// parent.vue
<template>
 <div>
  父组件
  <child :child-object="asyncobject" v-if="flag"></child>
 </div>
</template>

<script>
 import child from './child'
 export default {
  data: () => ({
   asyncobject: '',
   flag: false
  }),
  components: {
   child
  },
  created () {
  },
  mounted () {
   // settimeout模拟异步数据
   settimeout(() => {
    this.asyncobject = {'items': [1, 2, 3]}
    this.flag = true
    console.log('parent finish')
   }, 2000)
  }
 }
</script>

child.vue

<template>
 <div>
  子组件
  <!--不报错-->
  <p>{{childobject.items[0]}}</p>
 </div>
</template>

<script>
 export default {
  props: ['childobject'],
  data: () => ({
  }),
  created () {
   console.log(this.childobject)// object {items: [1,2,3]}
  },
  methods: {
  }
 }
</script>

子组件使用watch来监听父组件改变的prop,使用methods来代替created

parent.vue

<template>
 <div>
  父组件
  <child :child-object="asyncobject"></child>
 </div>
</template>

<script>
 import child from './child'
 export default {
  data: () => ({
   asyncobject: ''
  }),
  components: {
   child
  },
  created () {
  },
  mounted () {
   // settimeout模拟异步数据
   settimeout(() => {
    this.asyncobject = {'items': [1, 2, 3]}
    console.log('parent finish')
   }, 2000)
  }
 }
</script>

child.vue

<template>
 <div>
  子组件<!--1-->
  <p>{{test}}</p>
 </div>
</template>

<script>
 export default {
  props: ['childobject'],
  data: () => ({
   test: ''
  }),
  watch: {
   'childobject.items': function (n, o) {
    this.test = n[0]
    this.updata()
   }
  },
  methods: {
   updata () { // 既然created只会执行一次,但是又想监听改变的值做其他事情的话,只能搬到这里咯
    console.log(this.test)// 1
   }
  }
 }
</script>

子组件watch computed data 相结合,有点麻烦

parent.vue

<template>
 <div>
  父组件
  <child :child-object="asyncobject"></child>
 </div>
</template>

<script>
 import child from './child'
 export default {
  data: () => ({
   asyncobject: undefined
  }),
  components: {
   child
  },
  created () {
  },
  mounted () {
   // settimeout模拟异步数据
   settimeout(() => {
    this.asyncobject = {'items': [1, 2, 3]}
    console.log('parent finish')
   }, 2000)
  }
 }
</script>

child.vue

<template>
 <div>
  子组件<!--这里很常见的一个问题,就是{{childobject}}可以获取且没有报错,但是{{childobject.items[0]}}不行,往往有个疑问为什么前面获取到值,后面获取不到呢?-->
  <p>{{test}}</p>
 </div>
</template>

<script>
 export default {
  props: ['childobject'],
  data: () => ({
   test: ''
  }),
  watch: {
   'childobject.items': function (n, o) {
    this._test = n[0]
   }
  },
  computed: {
   _test: {
    set (value) {
     this.update()
     this.test = value
    },
    get () {
     return this.test
    }
   }
  },
  methods: {
   update () {
    console.log(this.childobject) // {items: [1,2,3]}
   }
  }
 }
</script>

使用emit,on,bus相结合

parent.vue

<template>
 <div>
  父组件
  <child></child>
 </div>
</template>

<script>
 import child from './child'
 export default {
  data: () => ({
  }),
  components: {
   child
  },
  mounted () {
   // settimeout模拟异步数据
   settimeout(() => {
    // 触发子组件,并且传递数据过去
    this.$bus.emit('triggerchild', {'items': [1, 2, 3]})
    console.log('parent finish')
   }, 2000)
  }
 }
</script>

child.vue

<template>
 <div>
  子组件
  <p>{{test}}</p>
 </div>
</template>

<script>
 export default {
  props: ['childobject'],
  data: () => ({
   test: ''
  }),
  created () {
   // 绑定
   this.$bus.on('triggerchild', (parmas) => {
    this.test = parmas.items[0] // 1
    this.updata()
   })
  },
  methods: {
   updata () {
    console.log(this.test) // 1
   }
  }
 }
</script>

这里使用了这个库,parent.vue和child.vue必须公用一个事件总线(也就是要引入同一个js,这个js定义了一个类似let bus = new vue()的东西供这两个组件连接),才能相互触发

使用prop default来解决{{childobject.items[0]}}

parent.vue

<template>
 <div>
  父组件
  <child :child-object="asyncobject"></child>
 </div>
</template>

<script>
 import child from './child'
 export default {
  data: () => ({
   asyncobject: undefined // 这里使用null反而报0的错
  }),
  components: {
   child
  },
  created () {
  },
  mounted () {
   // settimeout模拟异步数据
   settimeout(() => {
    this.asyncobject = {'items': [1, 2, 3]}
    console.log('parent finish')
   }, 2000)
  }
 }
</script>

child.vue

<template>
 <div>
  子组件<!--1-->
  <p>{{childobject.items[0]}}</p>
 </div>
</template>

<script>
 export default {
  props: {
   childobject: {
    type: object,
    default () {
     return {
      items: ''
     }
    }
   }
  },
  data: () => ({
  }),
  created () {
   console.log(this.childobject) // {item: ''}
  }
 }
</script>

在说用vuex解决方法的时候,首先看看案例三

案例三

main.js

import vue from 'vue'
import app from './app'
import router from './router'
import vuebus from 'vue-bus'
import index from './index.js'
vue.use(vuebus)

vue.config.productiontip = false
import vuex from 'vuex'
vue.use(vuex)
const store = new vuex.store({
 modules: {
  index
 }
})
/* eslint-disable no-new */
new vue({
 el: '#app',
 store,
 router,
 template: '<app/>',
 components: { app }
})

index.js

const state = {
 asyncdata: ''
}

const actions = {
 asyncaction ({ commit }) {
  settimeout(() => {
   commit('asyncmutation')
  }, 2000)
 }
}
const getters = {
}

const mutations = {
 asyncmutation (state) {
  state.asyncdata = {'items': [1, 2, 3]}
 }
}

export default {
 state,
 actions,
 getters,
 mutations
}

parent.vue

<template>
 <div>
  父组件
  <child></child>
 </div>
</template>

<script>
 import child from './child'
 export default {
  data: () => ({
  }),
  components: {
   child
  },
  created () {
   this.$store.dispatch('asyncaction')
  },
  mounted () {
  }
 }
</script>

child.vue

<template>
 <div>
  子组件
  <p>{{$store.state.index.asyncdata.items[0]}}</p>
 </div>
</template>

<script>
 export default {
  data: () => ({
  }),
  created () {
  },
  methods: {
  }
 }
</script>

{{$store.state.index.asyncdata.items[0]}}可以取到改变的值,但是过程中还是出现这样的报错,原因同上

复制代码 代码如下:

[vue warn]: error in render function: "typeerror: cannot read property '0' of undefined"

所以这里的解决方法是:vuex结合computed、mapstate或者合computed、mapgetters

parent.vue

<template>
 <div>
  父组件
  <child></child>
 </div>
</template>

<script>
 import child from './child'
 export default {
  data: () => ({
  }),
  components: {
   child
  },
  created () {
   this.$store.dispatch('asyncaction')
  },
  mounted () {
  }
 }
</script>

child.vue

<template>
 <div>
  子组件
  <p>{{item0}}</p>
  <p>{{item}}</p>
 </div>
</template>

<script>
 import { mapstate, mapgetters } from 'vuex'
 export default {
  data: () => ({
   test: ''
  }),
  computed: {
   ...mapgetters({
    item: 'getasyncdata'
   }),
   ...mapstate({
    item0: state => state.index.asyncdata
   })
  },
  created () {
  },
  methods: {
  }
 }
</script>

index.js

const state = {
 asyncdata: ''
}

const actions = {
 asyncaction ({ commit }) {
  settimeout(() => {
   commit('asyncmutation', {'items': [1, 2, 3]})// 作为参数,去调用mutations中的asyncmutation方法来对state改变
  }, 2000)
 }
}
const getters = {
 getasyncdata: state => state.asyncdata
}

const mutations = {
 asyncmutation (state, params) {
  state.asyncdata = params.items[0] // 此时params={'items': [1, 2, 3]}被传过来赋值给asyncdata,来同步更新asyncdata的值,这样html就可以拿到asyncdata.items[0]这样的值了
 }
}

export default {
 state,
 actions,
 getters,
 mutations
}

注意上面的

....
commit('asyncmutation', {'items': [1, 2, 3]})
...
state.asyncdata = params.items[0]

如果写成这样的话

commit('asyncmutation')
state.asyncdata = {'items': [1, 2, 3]}

首先asyncaction是个异步的操作,所以asyncdata默认值为空,那么还是导致,child.vue这里报0的错

<template>
 <div>
  子组件
  <p>{{item0}}</p>
  <p>{{item}}</p>
 </div>
</template>

不过根据以上的案例,得出来一个问题就是异步更新值的问题,就是说开始的时候有个默认值,这个默认值会被异步数据改变,比如说这个异步数据返回的object,如果你用props的方式去传递这个数据,其实第一次传递的空值,第二次传递的是更新后的值,所以就出现{{childobject.items[0]}}类似这种取不到值的问题,既然说第一次是空值,它会这样处理''.items[0],那么我们是不是可以在html判断这个是不是空(或者在computed来判断是否为默认值),所以把案例二的child.vue

<template>
 <div>
  <p>{{childobject != '' ? childobject.items[0]: ''}}</p>
 </div>
</template>

<script>
 export default {
  props: ['childobject'],
  data: () => ({
  }),
  created () {
   console.log(this.childobject) // 空值
  },
  methods: {
  }
 }
</script>

这样是可以通过不报错的,就是created是空值,猜想上面vuex去stroe也可以也可以这样做

以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持。