CentOS6安装Oracle11g（1）——安装前的准备工作

安装Oracle11g之前首先需要查看计算机是否满足硬件最低要求（内存，交换空间，硬盘空间等）。然后关闭防火墙，配置selinux，主机名等。

一、查看安装环境

1、安装包

（1）linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
（2）linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

2、操作系统

（1）虚拟机：VMware Workstation12
（2）操作系统：CentOS6.10、64位系统

3、安装oracle11g对计算机硬件的要求

（1）内存：最小1G，推荐2G或2G以上
（2）swap空间：内存在1GB到2GB之间的，设定swap大小为物理内存的1.5倍；内存在2GB到16GB物理内存之间的，设置swap大小与物理内存相等；内存大于16GB的，设置swap大小为16GB。
（3）硬盘空间：硬盘要求空间至少5GB。

4、查看安装环境相关命令

（1）查看操作系统版本

[[email protected] proc]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS release 6.10 (Final)

[[email protected] proc]# cat /etc/issue
CentOS release 6.10 (Final)
Kernel \r on an \m

[[email protected] proc]# cat /proc/version
Linux version 2.6.32-754.27.1.el6.x86_64 ([email protected]) (gcc version 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-23) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Tue Jan 28 14:11:45 UTC 2020

[[email protected] proc]# uname -a
Linux wgx 2.6.32-754.27.1.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Jan 28 14:11:45 UTC 2020 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

（2）查看内存信息

[[email protected] proc]# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
MemTotal:        2037224 kB

（3）查看可用内存信息

[[email protected] proc]# free -m
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:          1989       1683        306          0         22       1472
-/+ buffers/cache:        187       1801
Swap:         3999          0       3999

（4）查看交换分区信息

[[email protected] proc]# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo
SwapTotal:       4095996 kB

（5）查看CPU信息

[[email protected] proc]# grep "model name" /proc/cpuinfo
model name	: Intel(R) Core(TM) i3-2120 CPU @ 3.30GHz
model name	: Intel(R) Core(TM) i3-2120 CPU @ 3.30GHz

二、安装前的准备工作

1、关闭防火墙

（1）临时关闭防火墙

[[email protected] proc]# service iptables stop
iptables：将链设置为政策 ACCEPT：filter                    [确定]
iptables：清除防火墙规则：                                 [确定]
iptables：正在卸载模块：                                   [确定]

（2）永久关闭防火墙

[[email protected] proc]# chkconfig iptables off 
[[email protected] proc]# service iptables status
iptables：未运行防火墙。

2、关闭selinux

（1）执行vim /etc/selinux/config，设置SELINUX=disabled

[[email protected] proc]# vim /etc/selinux/config

# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
#     enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
#     permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
#     disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of these two values:
#     targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
#     mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted

（2）执行setenforce 0

[[email protected] proc]# setenforce 0

3、把主机名添加到/etc/hosts文件中

（1）查看主机名

[[email protected] proc]# hostname
wgx

（2）修改/etc/hosts文件

[[email protected] proc]# vim /etc/hosts

127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6

192.168.1.10  wgx

4、修改内核参数

（1）编辑/etc/sysctl.conf文件，在文件结尾添加以下内容

vim /etc/sysctl.conf

fs.file-max = 6815744
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 1073741824
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 4194304
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

注：kernel.shmmax参数的值设置为物理内存的50%。

（2）使配置文件立即生效

[[email protected] soft]# sysctl  -p

net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
kernel.sysrq = 0
kernel.core_uses_pid = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
kernel.msgmnb = 65536
kernel.msgmax = 65536
kernel.shmmax = 68719476736
kernel.shmall = 4294967296
fs.file-max = 6815744
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 1073741824
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 4194304
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

5、修改用户资源限制

（1）修改进程数和最大会话数

修改配置文件/etc/security/limits.conf，在文件结尾添加如下内容：

[[email protected] soft]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf

oracle              soft    nproc  2047
oracle              hard    nproc  16384
oracle              soft    nofile  1024
oracle              hard    nofile  65536
oracle              soft    stack   10240

（2）设置关联信息

修改关联文件/etc/pam.d/login，在文件结尾添加如下内容：

[[email protected] soft]# vim /etc/pam.d/login

session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so
session required pam_limits.so

6、添加oracle用户和用户组

[[email protected] soft]# groupadd oinstall
[[email protected] soft]# groupadd dba
[[email protected] soft]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
[[email protected] soft]# passwd oracle
更改用户 oracle 的密码 。
新的 密码：
无效的密码： 它基于字典单词
无效的密码： 过于简单
重新输入新的 密码：
passwd： 所有的身份验证令牌已经成功更新。

7、创建安装目录并赋予用户权限

创建安装目录：/usr/local/oracle，/usr/local/oraInventory，/usr/local/oradata，并赋予用户及权限。

[[email protected] soft]# mkdir -p /usr/local/oracle /usr/local/oraInventory /usr/local/oradata/
[[email protected] soft]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /usr/local/oracle /usr/local/oraInventory /usr/local/oradata/
[[email protected] soft]# chmod -R 775 /usr/local/oracle /usr/local/oraInventory /usr/local/oradata/

查看目录及用户权限：

[[email protected] soft]# ll /usr/local/
总用量 52
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root   root     4096 9月  23 2011 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root   root     4096 9月  23 2011 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root   root     4096 9月  23 2011 games
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root   root     4096 9月  23 2011 include
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root   root     4096 9月  23 2011 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root   root     4096 9月  23 2011 lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root   root     4096 9月  23 2011 libexec
drwxrwxr-x  2 oracle oinstall 4096 2月   2 09:25 oracle
drwxrwxr-x  2 oracle oinstall 4096 2月   2 09:25 oradata
drwxrwxr-x  2 oracle oinstall 4096 2月   2 09:25 oraInventory
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root   root     4096 9月  23 2011 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root   root     4096 1月  30 17:11 share
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root   root     4096 9月  23 2011 src

8、配置oracle用户环境变量

修改/home/oracle/.bash_profile文件，加入以下内容：

[[email protected] soft]# su - oracle
[[email protected] ~]$ vi .bash_profile

export ORACLE_BASE=/usr/local/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=orcl    
export ORACLE_OWNER=oracle
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$HOME/bin

执行source命令使配置的环境变量立即生效：

[[email protected] ~]$ source .bash_profile

9、安装Oracle11g所需的依赖包

（1）查看依赖包的安装情况

[[email protected] oracle]# rpm -qa binutils compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33.i686 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc.i686 glibc-common glibc-devel glibc-devel.i686 glibc-headers ksh libaio libaio.i686 libaio-devel libaio-devel.i686 libgcc libgcc.i686 libstdc++ libstdc++.i686 libstdc++-devel make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel
glibc-2.12-1.212.el6_10.3.x86_64
elfutils-libelf-0.164-2.el6.x86_64
glibc-headers-2.12-1.212.el6_10.3.x86_64
libgcc-4.4.7-23.el6.x86_64
binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.48.el6_10.1.x86_64
libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64
glibc-devel-2.12-1.212.el6_10.3.x86_64
glibc-common-2.12-1.212.el6_10.3.x86_64
libstdc++-4.4.7-23.el6.x86_64
make-3.81-23.el6.x86_64

（2）安装所需的依赖包

执行以下命令：

yum -y install binutils compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33.i686elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++  glibc glibc.i686 glibc-common glibc-devel glibc-devel.i686 glibc-headers ksh libaio libaio.i686 libaio-devel libaio-devel.i686  libgcc libgcc.i686 libstdc++ libstdc++.i686libstdc++-devel make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel

（3）重新查看依赖包的安装情况

[[email protected] oracle]# rpm -qa binutils compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33.i686 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc.i686 glibc-common glibc-devel glibc-devel.i686 glibc-headers ksh libaio libaio.i686 libaio-devel libaio-devel.i686 libgcc libgcc.i686 libstdc++ libstdc++.i686 libstdc++-devel make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel
glibc-2.12-1.212.el6_10.3.x86_64
libstdc++-devel-4.4.7-23.el6.x86_64
gcc-c++-4.4.7-23.el6.x86_64
sysstat-9.0.4-33.el6_9.1.x86_64
elfutils-libelf-0.164-2.el6.x86_64
glibc-headers-2.12-1.212.el6_10.3.x86_64
libgcc-4.4.7-23.el6.x86_64
libgcc-4.4.7-23.el6.i686
elfutils-libelf-devel-0.164-2.el6.x86_64
glibc-2.12-1.212.el6_10.3.i686
unixODBC-2.2.14-14.el6.x86_64
libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.i686
gcc-4.4.7-23.el6.x86_64
libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64
unixODBC-devel-2.2.14-14.el6.x86_64
ksh-20120801-37.el6_9.x86_64
binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.48.el6_10.1.x86_64
libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64
glibc-devel-2.12-1.212.el6_10.3.x86_64
glibc-common-2.12-1.212.el6_10.3.x86_64
libstdc++-4.4.7-23.el6.x86_64
glibc-devel-2.12-1.212.el6_10.3.i686
libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.i686
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.x86_64
make-3.81-23.el6.x86_64

然后就可以开始安装oracle11g了。
后续的安装步骤参见【CentOS6安装Oracle11g（2）——详细安装步骤】。