欢迎您访问程序员文章站本站旨在为大家提供分享程序员计算机编程知识!
您现在的位置是: 首页

子查询

程序员文章站 2022-06-01 19:52:11
...

作者:java_wxid
回退至Mysql数据库首页
#子查询

概念:出现在其他语句内部的select语句,称为子查询或内查询
其他语法:可以是select语句,也可以是create、insert、update等。只是select语句出现的较多
外面如果是select语句,称为主查询或外查询
位置:
子查询可以放在select语句中的select后面、from后面、where或having后面、exists后面
分类:(放在where或having后面)
单行子查询:子查询的结果只有一行
多行子查询:子查询的结果可以有多行
特点:
①子查询一般需要使用小括号括起来,为了提高阅读性
②子查询一般放在条件的右侧
③子查询优先于主查询执行,主查询使用到了子查询的结果
④单行子查询一般搭配单行操作符使用
单行操作符:> < = <> >= <=
多行子查询一般搭配多行操作符使用
多行操作符:in/not in、any、all

#一、单行子查询

注意:
单行子查询的结果肯定是一行一列,不能是多行,也不能是空值

#案例1:谁的工资比 Abel 高?
#①查询Abel的工资
SELECT salary 
FROM employees
WHERE last_name = 'Abel'
#②查询哪个员工的工资>①
SELECT last_name,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary>(
	SELECT salary 
	FROM employees
	WHERE last_name = 'Abel'
);
#案例2:返回job_id与141号员工相同,salary比143号员工多的员工姓名,job_id 和工资
#①查询141号员工的job_id
SELECT job_id
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 141
#②查询143号员工的salary
SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 143
#③查询job_id = ① 并且salary>②的员工姓名,job_id 和工资
SELECT last_name,job_id,salary
FROM employees
WHERE job_id = (
	SELECT job_id
	FROM employees
	WHERE employee_id = 141
) AND salary>(
	SELECT salary
	FROM employees
	WHERE employee_id = 143
);
#案例3:返回公司工资最少的员工的last_name,job_id和salary
#①查询最低工资
SELECT MIN(salary)
FROM employees
#②查询last_name,job_id,salary,要求salary= ①
SELECT last_name,job_id,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary = (
	SELECT MIN(salary)
	FROM employees

);
SELECT * FROM employees;
#案例4:查询最低工资大于50号部门最低工资的部门id和其最低工资
#①查询50号部门的最低工资
SELECT MIN(salary) 
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = 50
#②查询每个部门的最低工资,筛选条件:哪个部门最低工资>①
SELECT MIN(salary) 最低工资,department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
HAVING 最低工资>(
	SELECT MIN(salary) 
	FROM employees
	WHERE department_id = 50
);

#二、多行子查询

in/not in:判断某个字段是否属于子查询结果的某个值
any/some:一般搭配条件运算符使用 【用的较少】
where sal>any(1,2,3,4) 0.5
all: 一般搭配条件运算符使用 【用的较少】
where sal > all(1,2,3,4) 4.5

#题目:返回location_id是1400或1700的部门中的所有员工姓名
#①查询location_id是1400或1700的部门
SELECT DISTINCT department_id
FROM departments
WHERE location_id IN (1400,1700)
#②查询员工姓名,要求:department_id 属于①列表
SELECT last_name
FROM employees
WHERE department_id IN(
	SELECT DISTINCT department_id
	FROM departments
	WHERE location_id IN (1400,1700)
);
#题目:返回其它部门中比job_id为‘IT_PROG’部门任一工资低的员工的员工号、姓名、job_id 以及salary
#①查询job_id为‘IT_PROG’部门的工资
SELECT DISTINCT salary 
FROM employees
WHERE job_id = 'IT_PROG'
#②查询其它部门中salary<any(①)
SELECT employee_id,last_name,job_id,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary<ANY(
	SELECT DISTINCT salary 
	FROM employees
	WHERE job_id = 'IT_PROG'
) AND job_id<>'IT_PROG';
#题目:返回其它部门中比job_id为‘IT_PROG’部门所有工资都低的员工 的员工号、姓名、job_id 以及salary
SELECT employee_id,last_name,job_id,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary<ALL(
	SELECT DISTINCT salary 
	FROM employees
	WHERE job_id = 'IT_PROG'
) AND job_id<>'IT_PROG';
#等价于
SELECT employee_id,last_name,job_id,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary<(
	SELECT MIN(salary)
	FROM employees
	WHERE job_id = 'IT_PROG'
) AND job_id<>'IT_PROG';
#1. 查询和 Zlotkey 相同部门的员工姓名和工资
#①查询Zlotkey的部门
SELECT  department_id
FROM employees
WHERE last_name = 'Zlotkey'
#②查询姓名和工资,要求部门号 = ①
SELECT last_name,salary
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = (
	SELECT  department_id
	FROM employees
	WHERE last_name = 'Zlotkey'
);
#2. 查询工资比公司平均工资高的员工的员工号,姓名和工资。
#①公司平均工资
SELECT AVG(salary)
FROM employees
#②查询salary>①的员工号,姓名和工资。
SELECT employee_id,last_name,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary>(
	SELECT AVG(salary)
	FROM employees
);
#3. 查询各部门中工资比本部门平均工资高的员工的员工号, 姓名和工资
#①查询各部门的平均工资
SELECT AVG(salary),department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
#②将①结果集和employees表进行连接查询,关联条件为老个表的department_id一致
SELECT employee_id,last_name,salary,e.department_id
FROM employees e
JOIN (
	SELECT AVG(salary) ag,department_id
	FROM employees
	GROUP BY department_id
) ag_dep
ON e.department_id = ag_dep.department_id
WHERE e.salary > ag_dep.ag;
#6. 查询管理者是 King 的员工姓名和工资
#①查询king的员工号
SELECT employee_id
FROM employees
WHERE last_name = 'k_ing'
#②查询哪个员工的领导号是①
SELECT last_name,salary
FROM employees
WHERE manager_id IN(
	SELECT employee_id
	FROM employees
	WHERE last_name = 'k_ing'
);
相关标签: 子查询