创建ASM磁盘组

ASM磁盘组是作为一个逻辑单元管理的一个ASM磁盘池。与其他任何LVM一样，ASM管理大量物理卷并将其作为一个或多个逻辑卷呈交给Oracle。物理卷可以是实际的磁盘或磁

ASM磁盘组是作为一个逻辑单元管理的一个ASM磁盘池。与其他任何LVM一样，ASM管理大量物理卷并将其作为一个或多个逻辑卷呈交给Oracle。物理卷可以是实际的磁盘或磁盘的分区，或者是隶属操作系统的卷管理器的卷。无论采用哪种方式，都不能使用任何文件系统格式化，必须是裸设备。

在Linux上，ASM能引用磁盘作为裸设备，或通过使用ASMLib软件。

直接使用裸设备的方法：

1. 在RHEL6以前的可以直接通过rawdevices的管理方法，系统安装后默认已存在/etc/init.d/rawdevices和/etc/sysconfig/rawdevices这两个文件。

# cat /etc/redhat-release Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.8 (Tikanga) # rpm -qf /etc/init.d/rawdevices /etc/sysconfig/rawdevices initscripts-8.45.42-1.el5 initscripts-8.45.42-1.el5 # cat /etc/init.d/rawdevices #!/bin/bash # # rawdevices This shell script assignes rawdevices to block devices # # chkconfig: 345 56 44 # description: This scripts assignes raw devices to block devices \ # (such as hard drive partitions). This is for the use \ # of applications such as Oracle. You can set up the \ # raw device to block device mapping by editing \ # the file /etc/sysconfig/rawdevices. # config: /etc/sysconfig/rawdevices [ -f /bin/raw ] || exit 0 [ -f /etc/sysconfig/rawdevices ] || exit 0 # Exit if the file just has the default comments. LC_ALL=C /bin/egrep -q -v "^ *#" /etc/sysconfig/rawdevices 2>/dev/null || exit 0 . /etc/init.d/functions function assign_raw() { LC_ALL=C egrep -v '^ *#' /etc/sysconfig/rawdevices | while read RAW BLOCK; do if [ -n "$RAW" -a -n "$BLOCK" ]; then rawdirname=${RAW%/*} if [ "$rawdirname" = "/dev" -a -d /dev/raw ]; then echo $" Please correct your /etc/sysconfig/rawdevices:" echo $" rawdevices are now located in the directory /dev/raw/ " echo $" If the command 'raw' still refers to /dev/raw as a file." echo $" you'll have to upgrade your util-linux package" exit 0 fi if [ "$rawdirname" = "/dev/raw" -a -f /dev/raw ]; then echo $" Please correct your /etc/sysconfig/rawdevices:" echo $" rawdevices are now located in the directory /dev/raw/ " echo $" If the command 'raw' still refers to /dev/raw as a file." echo $" you'll have to upgrade your util-linux package" exit 0 fi echo " $RAW --> $BLOCK"; raw $RAW $BLOCK fi done } # See how we were called. case "$1" in start) # Assign devices echo $"Assigning devices: " assign_raw #添加以下两行(默认不存在)，即默认情况下生成的裸设备为root所有， #所以必须修改属主，否则oracle用户无法使用裸设备 sleep 5 chown -R oracle:oinstall /dev/raw/ echo $"done" ;; stop) # No action to be taken here ;; status) ID=`id -u` if [ $ID -eq 0 ]; then raw -qa else echo $"You need to be root to use this command ! " fi ;; restart|reload) $0 start ;; *) echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart}" exit 1 esac exit 0

# vi /etc/sysconfig/rawdevices //映射将要绑定的裸设备 /dev/raw/raw10 /dev/sda10 /dev/raw/raw11 /dev/sda11 /dev/raw/raw12 /dev/sda12 /dev/raw/raw13 /dev/sda13 /dev/raw/raw14 /dev/sda14 # chkconfig rawdevices on # service rawdevices start Assigning devices: /dev/raw/raw10 --> /dev/sda10 /dev/raw/raw10: bound to major 8, minor 10 /dev/raw/raw11 --> /dev/sda11 /dev/raw/raw11: bound to major 8, minor 11 /dev/raw/raw12 --> /dev/sda12 /dev/raw/raw12: bound to major 8, minor 12 /dev/raw/raw13 --> /dev/sda13 /dev/raw/raw13: bound to major 8, minor 13 /dev/raw/raw14 --> /dev/sda14 /dev/raw/raw14: bound to major 8, minor 14 done # ls -l /dev/raw/ total 0 crw-rw----. 1 oracle oinstall 162, 10 May 27 08:37 raw10 crw-rw----. 1 oracle oinstall 162, 11 May 27 08:37 raw11 crw-rw----. 1 oracle oinstall 162, 12 May 27 08:37 raw12 crw-rw----. 1 oracle oinstall 162, 13 May 27 08:37 raw13 crw-rw----. 1 oracle oinstall 162, 14 May 27 08:37 raw14 crw-rw----. 1 oracle oinstall 162, 0 May 27 08:19 rawctl # raw -qa /dev/raw/raw10: bound to major 8, minor 10 /dev/raw/raw11: bound to major 8, minor 11 /dev/raw/raw12: bound to major 8, minor 12 /dev/raw/raw13: bound to major 8, minor 13 /dev/raw/raw14: bound to major 8, minor 14

2. 在RHEL6中，系统里面虽然已经不存在/etc/sysconfig/rawdevices和/etc/init.d/rawdevices文件了，但是依然支持rawdevices的方式，网站空间，网站空间，可以通过如下方法来管理raw文件。

手动创建/etc/sysconfig/rawdevices和/etc/init.d/rawdevices文件，然后依然以rawdevices的方式

通过udev来管理raw,同样也可以通过udev固定磁盘对应的设备名

以下介绍udev的方式：

# fdisk -l /dev/sdb Disk /dev/sdb: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 261 2096451 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 1 25 200749+ 83 Linux /dev/sdb6 26 50 200781 83 Linux /dev/sdb7 51 75 200781 83 Linux /dev/sdb8 76 100 200781 83 Linux /dev/sdb9 101 125 200781 83 Linux # vi /etc/udev/rules.d/60-raw.rules ACTION=="add",KERNEL=="sdb5",RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw5 %N",OWNER="oracle", GROUP="oinstall", MODE="660" ACTION=="add",KERNEL=="sdb6",RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw6 %N",OWNER="oracle", GROUP="oinstall", MODE="660" ACTION=="add",KERNEL=="sdb7",RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw7 %N",OWNER="oracle", GROUP="oinstall", MODE="660" ACTION=="add",KERNEL=="sdb8",RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw8 %N",OWNER="oracle", GROUP="oinstall", MODE="660" ACTION=="add",KERNEL=="sdb9",RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw9 %N",OWNER="oracle", GROUP="oinstall", MODE="660" # raw -qa # start_udev Starting udev: [ OK ] # raw -qa /dev/raw/raw5: bound to major 8, minor 21 /dev/raw/raw6: bound to major 8, minor 22 /dev/raw/raw7: bound to major 8, minor 23 /dev/raw/raw8: bound to major 8, minor 24 /dev/raw/raw9: bound to major 8, minor 25 # ls -l /dev/raw total 0 crw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 162, 5 Jun 9 17:15 raw5 crw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 162, 6 Jun 9 17:15 raw6 crw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 162, 7 Jun 9 17:15 raw7 crw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 162, 8 Jun 9 17:15 raw8 crw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 162, 9 Jun 9 17:15 raw9

ASMLib：(非Linux系统只能使用裸设备的方法)

ASMLib是一组可选的位于ASM和硬件之间的一个内核驱动程序工具,也是作为一个应用程序库通过Oracle数据库软件访问ASM磁盘。

它是Oracle 10g和11g单实例数据库以及RAC的ASM特性支持库。ASM和数据库实例可以使用ASMLib作为可替代的磁盘访问接口。

ASMLib有以下三个组件:

内核驱动：oracleasm Linux中支持oracle ASMLib的内核驱动程序（需根据内核版本下载）

支持工具：oracleasm-support 提供用于配置和启动ASM驱动程序的实用工具

应用程序库：oracleasmlib 提供了实际的ASM库