使c++控制台的文字变得多彩

通常我们使用c++控制台编程面对的黑框和白色单调的文字，如下：

如何让输出的信息有颜色呢？比如cerr输出的就是红色，比如cout输出的就是绿色。
接下来，我们实现着色功能。下面借鉴了C++的操纵器策略。

//consolecolor.hpp这是着色的实现头文件
#pragma once
#include<Windows.h>//调用win32API函数
#include<iostream>//调用flush成员函数，首先刷新缓冲区
namespace color//命名空间为color，防止名字冲突
{
    //颜色常量定义，分为掩码，前景色，背景色
    static const WORD bgMask(BACKGROUND_BLUE |
        BACKGROUND_GREEN |
        BACKGROUND_RED |
        BACKGROUND_INTENSITY);
    static const WORD fgMask(FOREGROUND_BLUE |
        FOREGROUND_GREEN |
        FOREGROUND_RED |
        FOREGROUND_INTENSITY);

    static const WORD fgBlack(0);
    static const WORD fgLoRed(FOREGROUND_RED);
    static const WORD fgLoGreen(FOREGROUND_GREEN);
    static const WORD fgLoBlue(FOREGROUND_BLUE);
    static const WORD fgLoCyan(fgLoGreen | fgLoBlue);
    static const WORD fgLoMagenta(fgLoRed | fgLoBlue);
    static const WORD fgLoYellow(fgLoRed | fgLoGreen);
    static const WORD fgLoWhite(fgLoRed | fgLoGreen | fgLoBlue);
    static const WORD fgGray(fgBlack | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY);
    static const WORD fgHiWhite(fgLoWhite | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY);
    static const WORD fgHiBlue(fgLoBlue | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY);
    static const WORD fgHiGreen(fgLoGreen | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY);
    static const WORD fgHiRed(fgLoRed | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY);
    static const WORD fgHiCyan(fgLoCyan | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY);
    static const WORD fgHiMagenta(fgLoMagenta | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY);
    static const WORD fgHiYellow(fgLoYellow | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY);
    static const WORD bgBlack(0);
    static const WORD bgLoRed(BACKGROUND_RED);
    static const WORD bgLoGreen(BACKGROUND_GREEN);
    static const WORD bgLoBlue(BACKGROUND_BLUE);
    static const WORD bgLoCyan(bgLoGreen | bgLoBlue);
    static const WORD bgLoMagenta(bgLoRed | bgLoBlue);
    static const WORD bgLoYellow(bgLoRed | bgLoGreen);
    static const WORD bgLoWhite(bgLoRed | bgLoGreen | bgLoBlue);
    static const WORD bgGray(bgBlack | BACKGROUND_INTENSITY);
    static const WORD bgHiWhite(bgLoWhite | BACKGROUND_INTENSITY);
    static const WORD bgHiBlue(bgLoBlue | BACKGROUND_INTENSITY);
    static const WORD bgHiGreen(bgLoGreen | BACKGROUND_INTENSITY);
    static const WORD bgHiRed(bgLoRed | BACKGROUND_INTENSITY);
    static const WORD bgHiCyan(bgLoCyan | BACKGROUND_INTENSITY);
    static const WORD bgHiMagenta(bgLoMagenta | BACKGROUND_INTENSITY);
    static const WORD bgHiYellow(bgLoYellow | BACKGROUND_INTENSITY);
    //设置颜色的实现函数，主要是调用win32的API和一些位运算。
    void setConsoleColor(WORD mask, WORD c)
    {
        static HANDLE hStdout = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
        if(hStdout==NULL)return;
        CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO csbi;
        GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(hStdout, &csbi);
        csbi.wAttributes &= ~mask;
        csbi.wAttributes |= c;
        SetConsoleTextAttribute(hStdout, csbi.wAttributes);
    }
    //用到模板是为了通用，不仅cout,cerr可以染色，wcout，wcerr等也可以着色，自己定义的流只要满足模板都可以。
    template<typename charT, typename traits>
    inline std::basic_ostream<charT, traits>& fg_white(std::basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os)
    {
        os.flush();
        setConsoleColor(fgMask, fgLoWhite);
        return os;
    }
    template<typename charT, typename traits>
    inline std::basic_ostream<charT, traits>& fg_blue(std::basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os)
    {
        os.flush();
        setConsoleColor(fgMask, fgHiBlue);
        return os;
    }
    template<typename charT, typename traits>
    inline std::basic_ostream<charT, traits>& fg_green(std::basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os)
    {
        os.flush();
        setConsoleColor(fgMask, fgHiGreen);
        return os;
    }
    template<typename charT, typename traits>
    inline std::basic_ostream<charT, traits>& fg_red(std::basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os)
    {
        os.flush();
        setConsoleColor(fgMask, fgHiRed);
        return os;
    }
    template<typename charT, typename traits>
    inline std::basic_ostream<charT, traits>& fg_cyan(std::basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os)
    {
        os.flush();
        setConsoleColor(fgMask, fgHiCyan);
        return os;
    }
    template<typename charT, typename traits>
    inline std::basic_ostream<charT, traits>& fg_magenta(std::basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os)
    {
        os.flush();
        setConsoleColor(fgMask, fgHiMagenta);
        return os;
    }
    template<typename charT, typename traits>
    inline std::basic_ostream<charT, traits>& fg_yellow(std::basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os)
    {
        os.flush();
        setConsoleColor(fgMask, fgHiYellow);
        return os;
    }
    template<typename charT, typename traits>
    inline std::basic_ostream<charT, traits>& fg_black(std::basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os)
    {
        os.flush();
        setConsoleColor(fgMask, fgBlack);
        return os;
    }
    template<typename charT, typename traits>
    inline std::basic_ostream<charT, traits>& bg_white(std::basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os)
    {
        os.flush();
        setConsoleColor(bgMask, bgLoWhite);
        return os;
    }
    template<typename charT, typename traits>
    inline std::basic_ostream<charT, traits>& bg_blue(std::basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os)
    {
        os.flush();
        setConsoleColor(bgMask, bgHiBlue);
        return os;
    }
    template<typename charT, typename traits>
    inline std::basic_ostream<charT, traits>& bg_green(std::basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os)
    {
        os.flush();
        setConsoleColor(bgMask, bgHiGreen);
        return os;
    }
    template<typename charT, typename traits>
    inline std::basic_ostream<charT, traits>& bg_red(std::basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os)
    {
        os.flush();
        setConsoleColor(bgMask, bgHiRed);
        return os;
    }
    template<typename charT, typename traits>
    inline std::basic_ostream<charT, traits>& bg_cyan(std::basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os)
    {
        os.flush();
        setConsoleColor(bgMask, bgHiCyan);
        return os;
    }
    template<typename charT, typename traits>
    inline std::basic_ostream<charT, traits>& bg_magenta(std::basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os)
    {
        os.flush();
        setConsoleColor(bgMask, bgHiMagenta);
        return os;
    }
    template<typename charT, typename traits>
    inline std::basic_ostream<charT, traits>& bg_yellow(std::basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os)
    {
        os.flush();
        setConsoleColor(bgMask, bgHiYellow);
        return os;
    }
    template<typename charT, typename traits>
    inline std::basic_ostream<charT, traits>& bg_black(std::basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os)
    {
        os.flush();
        setConsoleColor(bgMask, bgBlack);
        return os;
    }
    //清空屏幕，还原本色
    template<typename charT, typename traits>
    inline std::basic_ostream<charT, traits>& clr(std::basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os)
    {
        os.flush();
        setConsoleColor(bgMask, bgBlack);
        setConsoleColor(fgMask, fgLoWhite);
        system("cls");
        return os;
    }
}

实现文件就是上面的consolecolor.hpp,因为主要是模板函数所以函数定义都放在h文件里面。下面我们来看看怎么用。

#include<iostream>
#include"consolecolor.h"
using namespace std;
using namespace color;

int main()
{
    cout << 1234 << endl;
    cout<<fg_green<<123456<<endl;
    cerr<<1233<<fg_red<<33445<<endl;
    cout<<bg_cyan<<3333<<endl;
    wcout<<12334<<endl;
    wcout<<fg_yellow<<123455<<endl;
    wcout<<bg_white<<fg_green<<L"谢谢阅读"<<endl;
    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

代码下载，其实也没什么代码，就是上面那个consolecolor.hpp文件，拷贝一下，然后include就可以直接用了。