js实现拖拽效果_javascript技巧
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2022-05-29 11:37:41
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首先来了解一下,面向对象练习的基本规则和问题:
window.onload = function (){
// 获取元素和初始值
var oBox = document.getElementById('box'),
disX = 0, disY = 0;
// 容器鼠标按下事件
oBox.onmousedown = function (e){
var e = e || window.event;
disX = e.clientX - this.offsetLeft;
disY = e.clientY - this.offsetTop;
document.onmousemove = function (e){
var e = e || window.event;
oBox.style.left = (e.clientX - disX) + 'px';
oBox.style.top = (e.clientY - disY) + 'px';
};
document.onmouseup = function (){
document.onmousemove = null;
document.onmouseup = null;
};
return false;
};
};
window.onload = function (){
var drag = new Drag('box');
drag.init();
};
// 构造函数Drag
function Drag(id){
this.obj = document.getElementById(id);
this.disX = 0;
this.disY = 0;
}
Drag.prototype.init = function (){
// this指针
var me = this;
this.obj.onmousedown = function (e){
var e = e || event;
me.mouseDown(e);
// 阻止默认事件
return false;
};
};
Drag.prototype.mouseDown = function (e){
// this指针
var me = this;
this.disX = e.clientX - this.obj.offsetLeft;
this.disY = e.clientY - this.obj.offsetTop;
document.onmousemove = function (e){
var e = e || window.event;
me.mouseMove(e);
};
document.onmouseup = function (){
me.mouseUp();
}
};
Drag.prototype.mouseMove = function (e){
this.obj.style.left = (e.clientX - this.disX) + 'px';
this.obj.style.top = (e.clientY - this.disY) + 'px';
};
Drag.prototype.mouseUp = function (){
document.onmousemove = null;
document.onmouseup = null;
};
// 构造函数Drag
function Drag(id){
this.obj = document.getElementById(id);
this.disX = 0;
this.disY = 0;
}
Drag.prototype.init = function (){
};
Drag.prototype.mouseDown = function (){
};
Drag.prototype.mouseMove = function (){
};
Drag.prototype.mouseUp = function (){
};
Drag.prototype.init = function (){
// this指针
var me = this;
this.obj.onmousedown = function (e){
var e = e || event;
me.mouseDown(e);
// 阻止默认事件
return false;
};
};
Drag.prototype.mouseDown = function (e){
// this指针
var me = this;
this.disX = e.clientX - this.obj.offsetLeft;
this.disY = e.clientY - this.obj.offsetTop;
document.onmousemove = function (e){
var e = e || window.event;
me.mouseMove(e);
};
document.onmouseup = function (){
me.mouseUp();
}
};
先写出普通的写法,然后改成面向对象写法项
普通方法变形
·尽量不要出现函数嵌套函数
·可以有全局变量
·把onload函数中不是赋值的语句放到单独函数中
改成面向对象
·全局变量就是属性
·函数就是方法
·onload中创建对象
·改this指针问题
先把拖拽效果的布局完善好:
HTML结构:
csc样式:
#box{position: absolute;width: 200px;height: 200px;background: red;}
第一步,首先把面向过程的拖拽回顾一下
复制代码 代码如下:
window.onload = function (){
// 获取元素和初始值
var oBox = document.getElementById('box'),
disX = 0, disY = 0;
// 容器鼠标按下事件
oBox.onmousedown = function (e){
var e = e || window.event;
disX = e.clientX - this.offsetLeft;
disY = e.clientY - this.offsetTop;
document.onmousemove = function (e){
var e = e || window.event;
oBox.style.left = (e.clientX - disX) + 'px';
oBox.style.top = (e.clientY - disY) + 'px';
};
document.onmouseup = function (){
document.onmousemove = null;
document.onmouseup = null;
};
return false;
};
};
第二步,把面向过程改写为面向对象
复制代码 代码如下:
window.onload = function (){
var drag = new Drag('box');
drag.init();
};
// 构造函数Drag
function Drag(id){
this.obj = document.getElementById(id);
this.disX = 0;
this.disY = 0;
}
Drag.prototype.init = function (){
// this指针
var me = this;
this.obj.onmousedown = function (e){
var e = e || event;
me.mouseDown(e);
// 阻止默认事件
return false;
};
};
Drag.prototype.mouseDown = function (e){
// this指针
var me = this;
this.disX = e.clientX - this.obj.offsetLeft;
this.disY = e.clientY - this.obj.offsetTop;
document.onmousemove = function (e){
var e = e || window.event;
me.mouseMove(e);
};
document.onmouseup = function (){
me.mouseUp();
}
};
Drag.prototype.mouseMove = function (e){
this.obj.style.left = (e.clientX - this.disX) + 'px';
this.obj.style.top = (e.clientY - this.disY) + 'px';
};
Drag.prototype.mouseUp = function (){
document.onmousemove = null;
document.onmouseup = null;
};
第三步,看看代码有哪些不一样
首页使用了构造函数来创建一个对象:
复制代码 代码如下:
// 构造函数Drag
function Drag(id){
this.obj = document.getElementById(id);
this.disX = 0;
this.disY = 0;
}
遵守前面的写好的规则,把全局变量都变成属性!
然后就是把函数都写在原型上面:
复制代码 代码如下:
Drag.prototype.init = function (){
};
Drag.prototype.mouseDown = function (){
};
Drag.prototype.mouseMove = function (){
};
Drag.prototype.mouseUp = function (){
};
先来看看init函数:
复制代码 代码如下:
Drag.prototype.init = function (){
// this指针
var me = this;
this.obj.onmousedown = function (e){
var e = e || event;
me.mouseDown(e);
// 阻止默认事件
return false;
};
};
我们使用me变量来保存了this指针,为了后面的代码不出现this指向的错误
接着是mouseDown函数:
复制代码 代码如下:
Drag.prototype.mouseDown = function (e){
// this指针
var me = this;
this.disX = e.clientX - this.obj.offsetLeft;
this.disY = e.clientY - this.obj.offsetTop;
document.onmousemove = function (e){
var e = e || window.event;
me.mouseMove(e);
};
document.onmouseup = function (){
me.mouseUp();
}
};
改写成面向对象的时候要注意一下event对象。因为event对象只出现在事件中,所以我们要把event对象保存变量,然后通过参数传递!
后面的mouseMove函数和mouseUp函数就没什么要注意的地方了!
要注意的问题
关于this指针的问题,面向对象里面this特别重要!
this拓展阅读:
http://div.io/topic/809
关于event对象的问题,event对象只出现在事件里面,所以写方法的时候要注意一下!