Linux环境基于CentOS7 搭建部署Docker容器
程序员文章站
2022-05-29 09:47:28
1.Docker容器概述 区分Docker容器技术和VM虚拟机技术： evernotecid://394EFE90 9CE0 4D65 A8CD DFEC0DC8061E/appyinxiangcom/11359837/ENResource/p1872 Docker容器技术 [Container]： ......
1.docker容器概述
- 区分docker容器技术和vm虚拟机技术：
evernotecid://394efe90-9ce0-4d65-a8cd-dfec0dc8061e/appyinxiangcom/11359837/enresource/p1872
docker容器技术 [container]：容器虚拟化技术
evernotecid://394efe90-9ce0-4d65-a8cd-dfec0dc8061e/appyinxiangcom/11359837/enresource/p1873
vm虚拟机技术[virtual machine]：传统虚拟化技术
evernotecid://394efe90-9ce0-4d65-a8cd-dfec0dc8061e/appyinxiangcom/11359837/enresource/p1873
主要区别是:- [1] 容器提供了基于进程的隔离，而虚拟机提供了资源的完全隔离。
- [2] 虚拟机可能需要一分钟来启动，而容器只需要一秒钟或更短。
- [3] 容器使用宿主操作系统的内核，而虚拟机使用独立的内核
- 容器的好处
1.2.0 容器
- docker容器发行版本：
docker ce（社区版）：免费开源版本-docker engine
docker ee（企业版）：商用收费版本-docker data center - docker容器安装环境：
公有云环境：基于阿里云以及腾讯云主机等安装docker
私有云环境：基于自主主机环境安装docker - docker 平台的基本构成:
evernotecid://394efe90-9ce0-4d65-a8cd-dfec0dc8061e/appyinxiangcom/11359837/enresource/p1874
docker 平台基本上由三部分组成： - [1] 客户端：用户使用 docker 提供的工具（cli 以及 api 等）来构建，上传镜像并发布命令来创建和启动容器docker
- [2] 主机：从 docker registry 上下载镜像并启动容器docker
- [3] registry：docker 镜像仓库，用于保存镜像，并提供镜像上传和下载后面的文章会具体分析。
2.docker容器部署与安装
docker容器部署
查看 centos7 开发环境：cat /etc/centos-release
[root@centos-amber ~]# cat /etc/centos-release centos linux release 7.6.1810 (core) [root@centos-amber ~]#
查看 centos7 内核版本：uname -a 或者 cat /proc/version
[root@centos-amber ~]# uname -a linux centos-amber 3.10.0-957.27.2.el7.x86_64 #1 smp mon jul 29 17:46:05 utc 2019 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 gnu/linux [root@centos-amber ~]#
在增加docker阿里云yum源之前需要执行基础组件安装以及卸载历史版本：
基础组件安装：yum -y install gcc & yum -y install gcc-c++
#gcc 环境安装 yum -y install gcc yum -y install gcc-c++
卸载历史版本：yum -y remove docker docker-common docker-selinux docker-engine
[root@centos-amber ~]# yum -y remove docker docker-common docker-selinux docker-engine loaded plugins: fastestmirror no match for argument: docker no match for argument: docker-common no match for argument: docker-selinux no match for argument: docker-engine no packages marked for removal [root@centos-amber ~]#
或者 删除已安装的docker
# uninstall installed docker [root@centos-amber ~]# sudo yum remove docker \ > docker-client \ > docker-client-latest \ > docker-common \ > docker-latest \ > docker-latest-logrotate \ > docker-logrotate \ > docker-selinux \ > docker-engine-selinux \ > docker-engine loaded plugins: fastestmirror no match for argument: docker no match for argument: docker-client no match for argument: docker-client-latest no match for argument: docker-common no match for argument: docker-latest no match for argument: docker-latest-logrotate no match for argument: docker-logrotate no match for argument: docker-selinux no match for argument: docker-engine-selinux no match for argument: docker-engine no packages marked for removal [root@centos-amber ~]#
ps： docker部署要求64位的系统且内核版本至少为3.10
2.0.2 部署docker添加yum源：yum install epel-release –y && yum list
[root@centos-amber ~]# yum install epel-release –y loaded plugins: fastestmirror loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile package epel-release-7-11.noarch already installed and latest version nothing to do [root@centos-amber ~]# [root@centos-amber ~]# yum clean all loaded plugins: fastestmirror cleaning repos: base epel extras updates cleaning up list of fastest mirrors [root@centos-amber ~]# yum list
2.1 docker容器安装
配置阿里云docker yum源
- [1] set up repository :
sudo yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
[root@centos-amber docker]# sudo yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 ............. [root@centos-amber docker]#
- [2] use aliyun docker
sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
[root@centos-amber docker]# sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo loaded plugins: fastestmirror adding repo from: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo grabbing file http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo to /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo repo saved to /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo [root@centos-amber docker]#
更新yum缓存：sudo yum -y makecache fast
[root@centos-amber ~]# sudo yum makecache fast loaded plugins: fastestmirror loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile base | 3.6 kb 00:00:00 docker-ce-stable | 3.5 kb 00:00:00 epel | 5.3 kb 00:00:00 extras | 3.4 kb 00:00:00 updates | 3.4 kb 00:00:00 (1/2): docker-ce-stable/x86_64/updateinfo | 55 b 00:00:00 (2/2): docker-ce-stable/x86_64/primary_db | 32 kb 00:00:00 metadata cache created [root@centos-amber ~]# sudo yum -y makecache fast loaded plugins: fastestmirror loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile base | 3.6 kb 00:00:00 docker-ce-stable | 3.5 kb 00:00:00 epel | 5.3 kb 00:00:00 extras | 3.4 kb 00:00:00 updates | 3.4 kb 00:00:00 metadata cache created [root@centos-amber ~]#
查看对应版本：yum list docker-ce --showduplicates
[root@centos-amber docker]# yum list docker-ce --showduplicates loaded plugins: fastestmirror loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile docker-ce-stable | 3.5 kb 00:00:00 (1/2): docker-ce-stable/x86_64/updateinfo | 55 b 00:00:00 (2/2): docker-ce-stable/x86_64/primary_db | 32 kb 00:00:00 available packages docker-ce.x86_64 17.03.0.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 17.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 17.03.2.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 17.03.3.ce-1.el7 docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 17.06.0.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 17.06.1.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 17.06.2.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 17.09.0.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 17.09.1.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 17.12.0.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 17.12.1.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 18.03.0.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 18.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 18.06.0.ce-3.el7 docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 18.06.1.ce-3.el7 docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 18.06.2.ce-3.el7 docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 18.06.3.ce-3.el7 docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 3:18.09.0-3.el7 docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 3:18.09.1-3.el7 docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 3:18.09.2-3.el7 docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 3:18.09.3-3.el7 docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 3:18.09.4-3.el7 docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 3:18.09.5-3.el7 docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 3:18.09.6-3.el7 docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 3:18.09.7-3.el7 docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 3:18.09.8-3.el7 docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 3:19.03.0-3.el7 docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 3:19.03.1-3.el7 docker-ce-stable [root@centos-amber docker]#
2.1.3 安装docker最新版本： sudo yum install docker-ce
docker-ce-cli 或者 yum install docker-io –y
[root@centos-amber docker]# sudo yum install docker-ce .............. installed: docker-ce.x86_64 3:19.03.1-3.el7 dependency installed: audit-libs-python.x86_64 0:2.8.4-4.el7 checkpolicy.x86_64 0:2.5-8.el7 container-selinux.noarch 2:2.107-1.el7_6 containerd.io.x86_64 0:1.2.6-3.3.el7 docker-ce-cli.x86_64 1:19.03.1-3.el7 libcgroup.x86_64 0:0.41-20.el7 libsemanage-python.x86_64 0:2.5-14.el7 policycoreutils-python.x86_64 0:2.5-29.el7_6.1 python-ipy.noarch 0:0.75-6.el7 setools-libs.x86_64 0:3.3.8-4.el7 complete! [root@centos-amber docker]#
2.1.4 启动docker服务:
# start docker service systemctl enable docker systemctl start docker
执行：systemctl enable docker 允许开机启动
[root@centos-amber docker]# systemctl enable docker created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service. [root@centos-amber docker]#
执行：systemctl start docker 启动docker服务
[root@centos-amber docker]# systemctl start docker [root@centos-amber docker]#
基本命令：
systemctl enable docker # 允许开机启动
systemctl start docker #运行docker守护进程
systemctl stop docker #停止docker守护进程
systemctl restart docker #重启docker守护进程
systemctl status docker #查看docker的运行状态
2.1.5 检验安装docker服务信息:
执行：docker info 查看docker服务信息
[root@centos-amber docker]# docker info client: debug mode: false server: containers: 0 running: 0 paused: 0 stopped: 0 images: 0 server version: 19.03.1 storage driver: overlay2 backing filesystem: extfs supports d_type: true native overlay diff: true logging driver: json-file cgroup driver: cgroupfs plugins: volume: local network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog swarm: inactive runtimes: runc default runtime: runc init binary: docker-init containerd version: 894b81a4b802e4eb2a91d1ce216b8817763c29fb runc version: 425e105d5a03fabd737a126ad93d62a9eeede87f init version: fec3683 security options: seccomp profile: default kernel version: 3.10.0-957.27.2.el7.x86_64 operating system: centos linux 7 (core) ostype: linux architecture: x86_64 cpus: 1 total memory: 1.795gib name: centos-amber id: ts7v:p2he:micx:jpn7:h5ju:pqx5:jwb3:4yso:dm7x:rvbv:urme:64dz docker root dir: /var/lib/docker debug mode: false registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/ labels: experimental: false insecure registries: 127.0.0.0/8 live restore enabled: false [root@centos-amber docker]#
执行：docker version 查看版本号
[root@centos-amber docker]# docker version client: docker engine - community version: 19.03.1 api version: 1.40 go version: go1.12.5 git commit: 74b1e89 built: thu jul 25 21:21:07 2019 os/arch: linux/amd64 experimental: false server: docker engine - community engine: version: 19.03.1 api version: 1.40 (minimum version 1.12) go version: go1.12.5 git commit: 74b1e89 built: thu jul 25 21:19:36 2019 os/arch: linux/amd64 experimental: false containerd: version: 1.2.6 gitcommit: 894b81a4b802e4eb2a91d1ce216b8817763c29fb runc: version: 1.0.0-rc8 gitcommit: 425e105d5a03fabd737a126ad93d62a9eeede87f docker-init: version: 0.18.0 gitcommit: fec3683 [root@centos-amber docker]#
3. docker配置阿里云镜像加速器
docker 密码：docker20190822
阿里云官网配置：
sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker sudo
tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'eof' { "registry-mirrors": ["https://j98vrcq8.mirror.aliyuncs.com"] } eof sudo systemctl daemon-reload sudo systemctl restart docker
编辑配置文件：vim /etc/docker/daemon.json
[root@centos-amber docker]#vim /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://j98vrcq8.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
[root@centos-amber docker]# sudo systemctl daemon-reload
[root@centos-amber docker]# sudo systemctl restart docker
[root@centos-amber docker]#
[root@centos-amber docker]# docker info
client:
debug mode: false
server:
containers: 0
running: 0
paused: 0
stopped: 0
images: 0
server version: 19.03.1
storage driver: overlay2
backing filesystem: extfs
supports d_type: true
native overlay diff: true
logging driver: json-file
cgroup driver: cgroupfs
plugins:
volume: local
network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay
log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
swarm: inactive
runtimes: runc
default runtime: runc
init binary: docker-init
containerd version: 894b81a4b802e4eb2a91d1ce216b8817763c29fb
runc version: 425e105d5a03fabd737a126ad93d62a9eeede87f
init version: fec3683
security options:
seccomp
profile: default
kernel version: 3.10.0-957.27.2.el7.x86_64
operating system: centos linux 7 (core)
ostype: linux
architecture: x86_64
cpus: 1
total memory: 1.795gib
name: centos-amber
id: ts7v:p2he:micx:jpn7:h5ju:pqx5:jwb3:4yso:dm7x:rvbv:urme:64dz
docker root dir: /var/lib/docker
debug mode: false
registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
labels:
experimental: false
insecure registries:
127.0.0.0/8
registry mirrors:
https://j98vrcq8.mirror.aliyuncs.com/
live restore enabled: false
[root@centos-amber docker]#
4.docker容器基本组件部署与安装
compose组件部署与安装
基本概述：
docker compose是一个用来定义和运行复杂应用的docker工具。
一个使用docker容器的应用，通常由多个容器组成。
使用docker compose不再需要使用shell脚本来启动容器。
compose 通过一个配置文件来管理多个docker容器，在配置文件中，所有的容器通过services来定义。然后使用docker-compose脚本来启动，停止和重启应用，和应用中的服务以及所有依赖服务的容器，非常适合组合使用多个容器进行开发的场景
安装docker-compose的方式：
- [1] 从github上下载docker-compose二进制文件安装
下载最新版的docker-compose文件 :
sudo curl -l https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.25.0-rc2/docker-compose-uname -s-uname -m -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
[root@centos-amber ~]# sudo curl -l https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.25.0-rc2/docker-compose-`uname -s`-`uname -m` -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
% total % received % xferd average speed time time time current
dload upload total spent left speed
100 617 0 617 0 0 640 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 640
3 16.1m 3 645k 0 0 1669 0 2:48:53 0:06:35 2:42:18 0
curl: (56) tcp connection reset by peer
[root@centos-amber ~]#
添加可执行权限: sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
[root@centos-amber ~]# sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose [root@centos-amber ~]#
卸载docker-compose执行：sudo rm /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
[root@centos-amber ~]# sudo rm /usr/local/bin/docker-compose [root@centos-amber ~]#
- [2] 使用pip install命令安装：
安装方式：sudo pip install docker-compose
sudo pip install docker-compose
卸载方式：pip uninstall docker-compose
pip uninstall docker-compose
2种方式检验安装结果：docker-compose --version
[root@centos-amber ~]# docker-compose --version /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/requests/__init__.py:80: requestsdependencywarning: urllib3 (1.22) or chardet (2.2.1) doesn't match a supported version! requestsdependencywarning) docker-compose version 1.24.1, build 4667896 [root@centos-amber ~]#
machine组件部署与安装
基本概述：
docker machine是一个工具，可让您在虚拟主机上安装docker engine，并使用docker-machine命令管理主机。
安装docker-compose的方式：
curl -l https://github.com/docker/machine/releases/download/v0.16.1/docker-machine-`uname -s`-`uname -m` >/tmp/docker-machine && chmod +x /tmp/docker-machine && sudo cp /tmp/docker-machine /usr/local/bin/docker-machine
docker 与宿主机建立网络通信：
ps1 :docker 端口映射错误
docker: error response from daemon: driver failed programming external connectivity on endpoint mysql-master (1aac2f09e8d851518f8551308ccbe1e036454d5103bd99fba3f7b3870e3b21b4): (iptables failed: iptables --wait -t nat -a docker -p tcp -d 0/0 --dport 3307 -j dnat --to-destination 172.17.0.4:3306 ! -i docker0: iptables: no chain/target/match by that name. (exit status 1)).
解决办法：
- [1] 执行：pkill docker
- [2] iptables -t nat -f
- [3] ifconfig docker0 down
- [4] brctl delbr docker0
pkill docker && iptables -t nat -f && ifconfig docker0 down && brctl delbr docker0
ps2: linux brctl command not found
[root@centos-meteor ~]# brctl delbr docker0 -bash: brctl: command not found
宿主机安装： yum install bridge-utils
4.docker容器部署与安装总结
docker 配置基于阿里云的yum源：
- [1] 安装必要的系统工具 ：sudo yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
sudo yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
- [2] 添加软件源信息:sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
- [3] 更新并安装 docker-ce: sudo yum makecache fast sudo yum -y install docker-ce
sudo yum makecache fast sudo yum -y install docker-ce
- [4] 开启docker服务: systemctl enable docker systemctl start docker
systemctl enable docker systemctl start docker
docker 部署安装以及基本命令使用：
- [1] docker部署要求64位的系统且内核版本至少为3.10
- [2] docker安装目录：var/lib/docker 和 /var/lib/docker-engine
- [3] docker配置目录：/etc/docker
docker 部署portainer
docker run -ti -d --name portainer -p 9000:9000 --restart=always -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock portainer/portainer
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