C++结构体详解

一、结构体的定义

struct student
{
    string name;
    int age;
    int score;
};

二、创建具体的变量（3种）

struct student s1;
s1.name = "张三";
s1.age = 18;
s1.score = 90;

struct student s1 = {"李四" ,19 , 80 }；

struct student
{
    string name;
    int age;
    int score;
}s3;
s3.name = "王五";
s3.age = 18;
s3.score = 89;

三、结构体数组

struct student stuarray[3] = 
{
    {"张三" , 20 , 92},
    {"李四" , 18 , 89},
    {"王五" , 24 , 95}
};
stuarray[2].name = "赵六";// 把王五改为赵六
//遍历结构体数组
for(int i =0; i < 3;i++)
{
    cout << "姓名:" << stuarray[i].name
         << "年龄:" << stuarray[i].age
         << "分数:" << stuarray[i].score <<endl;
}

四、结构体指针

利用操作符-> 可以通过结构体指针访问结构体属性。

struct student s = {"张三", 18, 90};
struct student *p = &s;
//通过指针访问结构体变量中的数据
cout << "姓名:" << p->name << endl; 

五、结构体嵌套结构体

struct student
{
    string name;
    int age;
    int score;
}
struct teacher
{
    int id;
    string name;
    int age;
    struct student stu;
}

teacher t;
t.stu.name;

六、结构体做函数参数

1、值传递

void printstudent(struct student s1)
{
    cout << "姓名:" <<s1.name << "年龄:" << s1.age << "分数" << s1.score;
}
int main(){
    struct student s1;
    s1.name = "张三";
    s1.age = 18;
    s1.score = 95;
    printstudent(s1);
}

2、地址传递

void printstudent(struct student * s1)
{
    cout << "姓名:" << p->name << "年龄:" << p->age << "分数" << p->score;
}
int main(){
    struct student s1;
    s1.name = "张三";
    s1.age = 18;
    s1.score = 95;
    printstudent(&s1);
}

七、结构体中const使用场景

void printstudent(const student * s1)
{
    cout << "姓名:" << p->name << "年龄:" << p->age << "分数" << p->score;
}
int main(){
    struct student s1;
    s1.name = "张三";
    s1.age = 18;
    s1.score = 95;
    printstudent(&s1);
}

总结

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