CentOS7内网使用rpm方式安装MySQL5.6数据库

生成环境为内网环境，无法通过互联网使用Yum方式安装MySQL数据库时，可以参考本文进行安装。

系统环境

当前演示操作系统为最小化安装的CentOS 7.6。

[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)

准备工作

1、操作系统版本对应的ISO镜像文件（如CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1810.iso），用以配置本地Yum源；
2、在MySQL官网下载MySQL5.6 RPM安装包（如MySQL-5.6.43-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar）；
3、将ISO镜像文件及数据库安装包上传至服务器。

配置本地Yum源

# 挂载ISO文件
mkdir /media/iso
mount -o loop -t iso9660 /root/CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1810.iso /media/iso

# 备份配置文件
mkdir ~/yum.repos.d_bak
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/* ~/yum.repos.d_bak/

# 创建本地Yum源配置文件
cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Local.repo <<EOF
[CentOS-Local]
name=CentOS-Local
baseurl=file:///media/iso
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
EOF

# 刷新Yum缓存
yum clean all
yum repolist all

安装MySQL 5.6

# 移除所有已安装的MariaDB相关软件包
rpm -qa | grep maria | xargs yum remove -y

# 安装所需的依赖
yum -y install autoconf libaio openssl-devel perl-JSON

# 解压上传到服务器的tar压缩包
tar -xvf MySQL-5.6.43-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

# 安装MySQL 5.6
rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.6.43-1.el7.x86_64.rpm MySQL-devel-5.6.43-1.el7.x86_64.rpm MySQL-client-5.6.43-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

# 创建MySQL数据存放目录
mkdir -p /data/mysql

# 修改配置文件
cp /usr/share/mysql/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
echo "character-set-server=utf8" >> /etc/my.cnf
echo "datadir=/data/mysql" >> /etc/my.cnf
echo "max_connections=1000" >> /etc/my.cnf

# 初始化MySQL
/usr/bin/mysql_install_db
chown -Rf mysql:mysql /data/mysql

# 启动MySQL、查看MySQL状态、配置开机自启动
systemctl start mysql
systemctl status mysql
chkconfig mysql on
chkconfig --list | grep mysql

登录MySQL并设置密码

此时使用root用户登录MySQL是不需要密码的，登录数据库设置root密码。

[[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: #回车即可
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.6.43 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> set password=password('[email protected]');
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> exit
Bye
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot [email protected]
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.6.43 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

允许MySQL数据库root用户远程登录及本地登录

[[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot [email protected]
mysql> use mysql;
mysql> update user set host='%' where user='root' and host='localhost';
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'localhost' identified by '[email protected]' with grant option;
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> exit