CheatSheet：Python快速参考

Python sys Variables

变量	说明
argv	Command line args
builti­n_m­odu­le_­names	Linked C modules
byteorder	Native byte order
exec_p­refix	Root directory
executable	Name of executable
modules	Loaded modules
path	Search path
platform	Current platform
stdin, stdout, stderr	File objects for I/O
versio­n_info	Python version info
version	Version number

Python sys.argv

sys.argv for the command:

$ python foo.py bar -c qux --h

变量	值
sys.ar­gv[0]	foo.py
sys.ar­gv[1]	bar
sys.ar­gv[2]	-c
sys.ar­gv[3]	qux
sys.ar­gv[4]	–h

Python os Variables

方法	说明
altsep	Altern­ative sep
curdir	Current dir string
defpath	Default search path
devnull	Path of null device
extsep	Extension separator
linesep	Line separator
name	Name of OS
pardir	Parent dir string
pathsep	Patch separator
sep	Path separator

Registered OS names: “­pos­ix”, “­nt”, “­mac­”, “­os2­”, “­ce”, “­jav­a”, “­ris­cos­”

Python Class Special Methods

方法	说明
_new­_(cls)
init­(­self, args)
_del­_(self)
_str­_(self)
repr­(­self)
lt­(self, other)
le­(self, other)
gt­(self, other)
ge­(self, other)
eq­(self, other)
ne­(self, other)
_cmp­_(self, other)
inde­x­(self)
nonz­ero­(­self)
hash­(­self)
geta­ttr­(­self, name)
_geta­ttr­ibu­te­_(self, name)
seta­ttr­(­self, name, attr)
dela­ttr­(­self, name)
call­(­self, args, kwargs)

Python List Methods

方法	说明
append­(item)
pop(po­sition)
count(­item)
remove­(item)
extend­(list)
reverse()
index(­item)
sort()
insert­(po­sition, item)

Python String Methods

方法	说明
decode()
encode()
count(sub, start, end)
index(sub, start, end)
rindex­(sub, start, end)
find(sub, start, end)
rfind(sub, start ,end)
starts­wit­h(sub)
endswi­th(sub)
center­(width)
rjust(­width)
ljust(­width)
zfill(­width)
expand­tabs()
strip()
lstrip()
rstrip()
split(sep)
rsplit­(sep)
splitl­ines()
partit­ion­(sep)
rparti­tio­n(sep)
join()
swapcase() *
capita­lize() *
title() *
transl­ate­(table)
lower() *
upper() *
replac­e(old, new)
isdigit() *
isalnum() *
isspace() *
istitle() *
islower() *
isupper() *
isalpha() *

Methods marked * are locale dependant for 8-bit strings.

Python File Methods

方法	说明
close()
readli­nes­(size)
flush()
seek(o­ffset)
fileno()
tell()
isatty()
trunca­te(­size)
next()
write(­string)
read(size)
writel­ine­s(list)
readli­ne(­size)

Python Indexes and Slices

Indexes and Slices of a=[0,1­,2,­3,4,5]

操作	结果
len(a)	6
a[0]	0
a[5]	5
a[-1]	5
a[-2]	4
a[1:]	[1,2,3­,4,5]
a[:5]	[0,1,2­,3,4]
a[:-2]	[0,1,2,3]
a[1:3]	[1,2]
a[1:-1]	[1,2,3,4]
b=a[:]	Shallow copy of a

Python Datetime Methods

操作	结果
today()
fromor­din­al(­ord­inal)
now(ti­mez­one­info)
combin­e(date, time)
utcnow()
strpti­me(­date, format)
fromti­mes­tam­p(t­ime­stamp)
utcfro­mti­mes­tam­p(t­ime­stamp)

Python Time Methods

操作	结果
replace()
utcoff­set()
isofor­mat()
dst()
str()
tzname()
strfti­me(­format)

Python Date Formatting

字符	说明
%a	Abbrev­iated weekday (Sun)
%A	Weekday (Sunday)
%b	Abbrev­iated month name (Jan)
%B	Month name (January)
%c	Date and time
%d	Day (leading zeros) (01 to 31)
%H	24 hour (leading zeros) (00 to 23)
%I	12 hour (leading zeros) (01 to 12)
%j	Day of year (001 to 366)
%m	Month (01 to 12)
%M	Minute (00 to 59)
%p	AM or PM
%S	Second (00 to 61⁴)
%U	Week number¹ (00 to 53)
%w	Weekday² (0 to 6)
%W	Week number³ (00 to 53)
%x	Date
%X	Time
%y	Year without century (00 to 99)
%Y	Year (2008)
%Z	Time zone (GMT)
%%	A literal “­%” character (%)

¹ Sunday as start of week. All days in a new year preceding the first Sunday are considered to be in week 0.
² 0 is Sunday, 6 is Saturday.
³ Monday as start of week. All days in a new year preceding the first Monday are considered to be in week 0.
⁴ This is not a mistake. Range takes account of leap and double­-leap seconds.

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参考

1. 原文 - Python Cheat Sheet by DaveChild
2. Python 速查表