欢迎您访问程序员文章站本站旨在为大家提供分享程序员计算机编程知识!
您现在的位置是: 首页  >  运维

Linux下安装配置MySQL的教程

程序员文章站 2022-05-25 12:05:53
...
mysql最流行的关系型数据库之一,目前隶属于oracle公司,因体积小、速度快、总体拥有成本低,开放源代码这一特点,所以是我们日常开发的首选。下面我们来看看如何在Linux安装配置MySQL

系统:Ubuntu 16.04LTS

1\官网下载mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

2\建立工作组:

$su
#groupadd mysql
#useradd -r -g mysql mysql

3\创建目录

#mkdir /usr/local/mysql
#mkdir /usr/local/mysql/data

4\解压mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz,并拷贝至/usr/local/mysql

#tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
#cp -r /home/jieyamulu/mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64/* /usr/local/mysql

5\修改mysql用户对mysql以下及其子文件夹以下文件的权限,修改后可使用ll查看权限

root@Ice-***:/usr/local# chown -R mysql:mysql mysql
root@Ice-***:/usr/local# ll
总用量 44
drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 4096 5月 19 07:39 ./
drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 4096 2月 16 04:30 ../
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2月 16 04:19 bin/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2月 16 04:19 etc/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2月 16 04:19 games/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2月 16 04:19 include/
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 2月 16 04:23 lib/
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   9 3月 29 14:11 man -> share/man/
drwxr-xr-x 10 mysql mysql 4096 5月 19 07:48 mysql/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2月 16 04:19 sbin/
drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 4096 2月 16 04:34 share/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2月 16 04:19 src/
root@Ice-***:/usr/local# cd mysql/
root@Ice-***:/usr/local/mysql# ll
总用量 64
drwxr-xr-x 10 mysql mysql 4096 5月 19 07:48 ./
drwxr-xr-x 11 root root  4096 5月 19 07:39 ../
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 5月 19 07:48 bin/
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 17987 5月 19 07:48 COPYING
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 5月 19 07:41 data/
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 5月 19 07:48 docs/
drwxr-xr-x 3 mysql mysql 4096 5月 19 07:48 include/
drwxr-xr-x 5 mysql mysql 4096 5月 19 07:48 lib/
drwxr-xr-x 4 mysql mysql 4096 5月 19 07:48 man/
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 2478 5月 19 07:48 README
drwxr-xr-x 28 mysql mysql 4096 5月 19 07:48 share/
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 5月 19 07:48 support-files/

6\修改(或新建)/etc/my.cnf 配置文件

root@Ice-***:/usr/local/mysql# vim /etc/my.cnf 
[mysqld] basedir=/usr/local/mysql/
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
:wq

7\最关键的初始化

# cd /usr/local/mysql/
root@Ice-***:/usr/local/mysql# ./bin/mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --initialize

2017-05-19T00:15:46.529420Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2017-05-19T00:15:47.066125Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2017-05-19T00:15:47.213711Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2017-05-19T00:15:47.286951Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 4e958344-3c28-11e7-8334-c8d3ffd2db82.
2017-05-19T00:15:47.292857Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2017-05-19T00:15:47.294758Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: YjaotQk*2ew4

初始密码要记住
这里可能会出现很多问题,比如:

Installing MySQL system tables..../bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

缺少依赖关系包

解决方法:sudo apt-get install libaio-dev

还有可能是之前步骤不对导致了操作data文件的权限不够等等.按照步骤来,缺少什么装什么(有提示),到了这里应该就初始化成功了,那几个Warning,值得注意的是Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.有时间可以查下是怎么回事,这条忽略也没影响.

8\不要着急启动,现在还启动不了.执行代码,将mysql下除了data文件夹外的文件变为root权限

root@Ice-***:/usr/local/mysql# chown -R root .
root@Ice-***:/usr/local/mysql# chown -R mysql data

9\启动

root@Ice-***:/usr/local/mysql# bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &

敲回车

root@Ice-***:/usr/local/mysql# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p

Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.18

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.
mysql>

10\重置密码

mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('newpasswd');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database      |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql       |
| performance_schema |
| sys        |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit
Bye

11\设置开机启动

root@Ice-***:/usr/local/mysql# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
root@Ice-***:/usr/local/mysql# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld

12\安装mysql-server 和 mysql-client

root@Ice-***:~# apt-get install mysql-server
root@Ice-***:~# apt-get install mysql-client
root@Ice-***:~# apt-get install libmysqlclient-dev


E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

解决办法:

1.$ sudo mv /var/lib/dpkg/info /var/lib/dpkg/info_old //现将info文件夹更名
2.$ sudo mkdir /var/lib/dpkg/info //再新建一个新的info文件夹
3.$ sudo apt-get update,
$ apt-get -f install //修复依赖树
4.$ sudo mv /var/lib/dpkg/info/* /var/lib/dpkg/info_old //执行完上一步操作后会在新的info文件夹下生成一些文件,现将这些文件全部移到info_old文件夹下
5.$ sudo rm -rf /var/lib/dpkg/info //把自己新建的info文件夹删掉
6.$ sudo mv /var/lib/dpkg/info_old /var/lib/dpkg/info //把以前的info文件夹重新改回名字

最后,如果是Ubuntu系统可能无法向表中插入汉字,无法从表中查询汉字..

解决办法:

关闭数据库服务

service mysql stop
~$ sudo vim /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf

在[mysqld]下添加一行character_set_server=utf8
配置文件选段:

[mysqld]
#
# * Basic Settings
#
user      = mysql
pid-file    = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
socket     = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
port      = 3306
basedir     = /usr
datadir     = /var/lib/mysql
tmpdir     = /tmp
lc-messages-dir = /usr/share/mysql
character_set_server=utf8 就是这一行,原来是没有的,要手动添加!
skip-external-locking
#


将上述文件拷贝至/etc/mysql/my.cnf

~$ sudo cp /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf

重启数据库服务

~$ /etc/init.d/mysql restart

如果查看字符集能得到如下结果就说明成功了.

mysql> show variables like 'collation_%';
+----------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name    | Value      |
+----------------------+-----------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_database  | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_server   | utf8_general_ci |
+----------------------+-----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show variables like 'character_set_%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name      | Value           |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client   | utf8            |
| character_set_connection | utf8            |
| character_set_database  | utf8            |
| character_set_filesystem | binary           |
| character_set_results  | utf8            |
| character_set_server   | utf8            |
| character_set_system   | utf8            |
| character_sets_dir    | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.01 sec)

以上就是Linux下安装配置MySQL的教程的详细内容,更多请关注其它相关文章!