Oracle 监听器密码设置方法(LISTENER)

监听器也有安全？sure！在缺省的情况下，任意用户不需要使用任何密码即通过lsnrctl 工具对oracle listener进行操作或关闭，从而造成任意新的会话都将无法建立连接。在oracle 9i 中oracle监听器允许任何一个人利用lsnrctl从远程发起对监听器的管理。也容易导致数据库受到损坏。

1. 未设定密码情形下停止监听

[oracle@test ~]$ lsnrctl stop listener_demo92  -->停止监听，可以看出不需要任何密码即可停止 
                                              
lsnrctl for linux: version 9.2.0.8.0 - production on 26-jun-2011 08:22:26          
                                              
copyright (c) 1991, 2006, oracle corporation. all rights reserved.             
                                              
connecting to (description=(address=(protocol=tcp)(host=test)(port=1521)))         
the command completed successfully 

2. 重新启动监听并设置密码

[oracle@test ~]$ lsnrctl                                                 
                                                             
lsnrctl for linux: version 9.2.0.8.0 - production on 26-jun-2011 08:24:09                         
copyright (c) 1991, 2006, oracle corporation. all rights reserved.                            
                                                             
welcome to lsnrctl, type "help" for information.	                                    
lsnrctl> set current_listener listener_demo92 -->设置当前监听器                             
current listener is listener_demo92                                            
lsnrctl> start       -->启动过程也不需要任何密码,启动的详细信息省略                         
lsnrctl> change_password  -->使用change_password来设置密码                                
old password:                                                       
new password:                                                       
reenter new password:                                                   
connecting to (description=(address=(protocol=tcp)(host=test)(port=1521)))                        
password changed for listener_demo92                                           
the command completed successfully                                            
lsnrctl> save_config    -->注意此处的save_config失败                                 
connecting to (description=(address=(protocol=tcp)(host=test)(port=1521)))                        
tns-01169: the listener has not recognized the password                                  
lsnrctl> set password    -->输入新设定的密码验证                                    
password:                                                         
the command completed successfully                                            
lsnrctl> save_config    -->再次save_config成功                                     
connecting to (description=(address=(protocol=tcp)(host=test)(port=1521)))                        
saved listener_demo92 configuration parameters.                                      
listener parameter file  /oracle/92/network/admin/listener.ora                              
old parameter file  /oracle/92/network/admin/listener.bak                                
the command completed successfully                                            
                                                             
-->增加密码之后可以看到listener.ora文件中有一条新增的记录，即密码选项(注：尽管使用了密码管理方式,仍然可以无需密码启动监听)
[oracle@test admin]$ more listener.ora                                          
	#----added by tnslsnr 26-jun-2011 05:12:48---                                      
	passwords_listener_demo92 =                                               
	#--------------------------------------------

3. 尝试未使用密码的情况下停止监听

[oracle@test ~]$ lsnrctl stop listener_demo92                        
lsnrctl for linux: version 9.2.0.8.0 - production on 26-jun-2011 06:09:51          
copyright (c) 1991, 2006, oracle corporation. all rights reserved.             
                                              
connecting to (description=(address=(protocol=tcp)(host=test)(port=1521)))         
tns-01169: the listener has not recognized the password  -->收到错误信息，需要使用密码认证

4. 使用密码来停止监听

[oracle@test ~]$ lsnrctl                            
lsnrctl> set current_listener listener_demo92                 
current listener is listener_demo92                      
lsnrctl> stop                                 
connecting to (description=(address=(protocol=tcp)(host=test)(port=1521)))   
tns-01169: the listener has not recognized the password            
lsnrctl> set password                             
password:                                   
the command completed successfully                       
lsnrctl> stop                                 
connecting to (description=(address=(protocol=tcp)(host=test)(port=1521)))   
the command completed successfully                       
lsnrctl> status                                
connecting to (description=(address=(protocol=tcp)(host=test)(port=1521)))   
tns-12541: tns:no listener                           
 tns-12560: tns:protocol adapter error                     
 tns-00511: no listener                            
  linux error: 111: connection refused                    
connecting to (description=(address=(protocol=ipc)(key=extproc)))       
tns-12541: tns:no listener                           
 tns-12560: tns:protocol adapter error                     
 tns-00511: no listener                            
  linux error: 2: no such file or directory	                 

5. save_config失败的问题

-->在 oracle 9i中，使用save_config命令将会失败                                     
	lsnrctl> save_config                                                 
	connecting to (description=(address=(protocol=tcp)(host=<hostname>)(port=<port>)))                  
	tns-01169: the listener has not recognized the password	                               
                                                            
-->应该先使用set password之后再save_config，则保存配置成功。                              
	lsnrctl> set password                                                
	password: <the password you chose>                                          
	the command completed successfully                          
/*在oracle 10g 中不会出现类似的问题，因为在10g中可以使用基于操作系统验证方式。listener将检测到如果用户属于dba组的成员，
将会被授予改变密码，保存配置以及停止监听等权限。 */                                 

6. 配置listener.ora中admin_restrictions参数

参数作用：
当在listener.ora文件中设置了admin_restrictions参数后，在监听器运行时，不允许执行任何管理命令，同时set命令将不可用
，不论是在服务器本地还是从远程执行都不行。此时对于监听的设置仅仅通过手工修改listener.ora文件，要使修改生效，只能
使用lsnrctl reload命令或lsnrctl stop/start命令重新载入一次监听器配置信息。
修改方法：
在listener.ora文件中手动加入下面这样一行
admin_restrictions_<监听器名> = on

下面是其它网友的补充：

lsnrctl> change_password
old password:
new password:
reenter new password:
connecting to (description=(address=(protocol=tcp)(host=ecp-uc-db1)(port=1521)))
password changed for listener
the command completed successfully
lsnrctl> set password
password:
the command completed successfully
lsnrctl> save_config
connecting to (description=(address=(protocol=tcp)(host=ecp-uc-db1)(port=1521)))
saved listener configuration parameters.
listener parameter file /opt/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
old parameter file /opt/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.bak
the command completed successfully
[oracle@ecp-uc-db1 admin]$ cat listener.ora
#—-added by tnslsnr 10-jun-2011 18:13:24—
passwords_listener = 6d7aa003392c436a
#——————————————–
note：10g数据库上需要上添加（重启监听）
local_os_authentication_listener = off

1、添加local_os_authentication_listener = off之前

security on: password or local os authentication

2、添加local_os_authentication_listener = off之后

security on: password
lsnrctl> status
connecting to (description=(address=(protocol=tcp)(host=ecp-uc-db1)(port=1521)))
tns-01169: the listener has not recognized the password
lsnrctl> stop
connecting to (description=(address=(protocol=tcp)(host=ecp-uc-db1)(port=1521)))
tns-01169: the listener has not recognized the password
lsnrctl> set password 123456
the command completed successfully
lsnrctl> status
connecting to (description=(address=(protocol=tcp)(host=ecp-uc-db1)(port=1521)))
status of the listener
————————
alias listener
version tnslsnr for linux: version 10.2.0.4.0 – production
start date 10-jun-2011 18:15:49
uptime 0 days 0 hr. 1 min. 16 sec
trace level off
security on: password
snmp off
listener parameter file /opt/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
listener log file /opt/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log
listening endpoints summary…
(description=(address=(protocol=tcp)(host=ecp-uc-db1)(port=1521)))
(description=(address=(protocol=ipc)(key=extproc0)))
services summary…
service “plsextproc” has 1 instance(s).
instance “plsextproc”, status unknown, has 1 handler(s) for this service…
service “ecp” has 1 instance(s).
instance “ecp”, status ready, has 1 handler(s) for this service…
service “ecpxdb” has 1 instance(s).
instance “ecp”, status ready, has 1 handler(s) for this service…
service “ecp_xpt” has 1 instance(s).
instance “ecp”, status ready, has 1 handler(s) for this service…
the command completed successfully