Android原生态实现分享转发功能实例

导读：

之前刚学安卓时，写过一篇“android调用系统shareapi实现分享转发功能”的文章，随着安卓版本的迭代更新以及其他app的优化，安卓的这个shareapi好像失效了，不怎么好使，已经获取不到有分享功能的app列表，点击分享也会直接崩溃。并不是说我之前那篇文章的代码有错，只能说是时代有了变化，旧的方法已经不能满足新的需求

 最近开发一个收款app，想把分享功能加入进去，然后发现旧的方法已经不行，这就难过了，网上一些大佬建议用第三方app自带的分享sdk，但是我觉得用第三方的sdk太麻烦了，每个 app都要申请接口账号和接口密钥，即便是使用其他人封装好的分享框架，也是需要去申请账号密钥的，一点也不方便，还是喜欢安卓原生态写法，简单便捷、一劳永逸。

经过我几番研究，最终完美实现了，效果图如下：

 一、xml布局文件

1、res/layout目录下创建share_dialog.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<linearlayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:background="@drawable/shape_dialog_bg"
    android:orientation="vertical" >
 
    <textview
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:padding="16dp"
        android:text="分享到..." />
 
    <horizontalscrollview
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:scrollbars="none" >
 
        <linearlayout
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="match_parent" >
 
            <gridview
                android:id="@+id/sharepopupwindow_gridview"
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="match_parent"
                android:scrollbars="none" />
        </linearlayout>
    </horizontalscrollview>
 
    <view
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="1px"
        android:alpha="0.3"
        android:background="#666" />
 
    <textview
        android:id="@+id/sharepopupwindow_close"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:padding="20dp"
        android:text="取消"
        android:textsize="16sp" />
 
</linearlayout>

2、res/layout目录下创建appinfo_item.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<linearlayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:gravity="center"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:paddingbottom="8dp"
    android:paddingleft="16dp"
    android:paddingright="16dp"
    android:paddingtop="8dp">
 
    <imageview
        android:id="@+id/appinfo_item_icon"
        android:layout_width="48dp"
        android:layout_height="48dp"
        android:scaletype="centercrop"
        android:src="@drawable/logo"/>
 
    <textview
        android:id="@+id/appinfo_item_name"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_margintop="2dp"
        android:ellipsize="end"
        android:singleline="true"
        android:textsize="12sp"
        android:text="分享到……"/>
</linearlayout>

3、在res/values/styles.xml 中，添加以下代码，用来实现弹出窗背景效果：

<style name="circledialog" parent="android:style/theme.dialog">
        <!-- 背景透明,设置圆角对话框必须设置背景透明，否则四角会有背景色小块-->
        <item name="android:windowbackground">@android:color/transparent</item>
        <!-- 没有标题 -->
        <item name="android:windownotitle">true</item>
        <!-- 背景模糊 -->
        <item name="android:backgrounddimenabled">true</item>
</style>

二、创建一个实体类 appinfo.java，用来保存应用信息

package net.zy13.skhelper.entity;
 
import android.graphics.drawable.drawable;
 
/**
 * app信息实体类
 */
public class appinfo {
    private string appname;
    private string packagename;
    private string versionname;
    private int versioncode;
    private string launchclassname;
    private drawable appicon;
 
    public string getappname() {
        return appname;
    }
 
    public void setappname(string appname) {
        this.appname = appname;
    }
 
    public string getpackagename() {
        return packagename;
    }
 
    public void setpackagename(string packagename) {
        this.packagename = packagename;
    }
 
    public string getversionname() {
        return versionname;
    }
 
    public void setversionname(string versionname) {
        this.versionname = versionname;
    }
 
    public int getversioncode() {
        return versioncode;
    }
 
    public void setversioncode(int versioncode) {
        this.versioncode = versioncode;
    }
 
    public string getlaunchclassname() {
        return launchclassname;
    }
 
    public void setlaunchclassname(string launchclassname) {
        this.launchclassname = launchclassname;
    }
 
    public drawable getappicon() {
        return appicon;
    }
 
    public void setappicon(drawable appicon) {
        this.appicon = appicon;
    }
}

三、重写popupwindow控件sharepopupwindow.java，自定义分享的弹窗

package net.zy13.skhelper.view;
 
import java.io.file;
import java.util.list;
 
import android.app.actionbar.layoutparams;
import android.content.componentname;
import android.content.context;
import android.content.intent;
import android.graphics.bitmap;
import android.graphics.drawable.colordrawable;
import android.net.uri;
import android.view.layoutinflater;
import android.view.view;
import android.view.view.onclicklistener;
import android.widget.adapterview;
import android.widget.adapterview.onitemclicklistener;
import android.widget.gridview;
import android.widget.linearlayout;
import android.widget.popupwindow;
import android.widget.textview;
 
import androidx.core.content.fileprovider;
 
import net.zy13.skhelper.r;
import net.zy13.skhelper.adapter.appinfoadapter;
import net.zy13.skhelper.entity.appinfo;
import net.zy13.skhelper.utils.logutil;
import net.zy13.skhelper.utils.maptable;
import net.zy13.skhelper.utils.shareutil;
 
public class sharepopupwindow extends popupwindow {
 
    //每行显示多少个
    private static final int num = 5;
 
    private view mmenuview;
    private gridview mgridview;
    private textview mtextviewclose;
    private appinfoadapter madapter;
 
    private list<appinfo> mappinfolist;
 
    private string imgpath;
    private string sharetitle;
    private string sharecontent;
    public void setimgpath(string imgpath) {
        this.imgpath = imgpath;
    }
    public void setsharetitle(string sharetitle) {
        this.sharetitle = sharetitle;
    }
    public void setsharecontent(string sharecontent) {
        this.sharecontent = sharecontent;
    }
 
    /**
     * 构造函数
     * @param context
     */
    public sharepopupwindow(final context context) {
        super(context);
        layoutinflater inflater = (layoutinflater) context  .getsystemservice(context.layout_inflater_service);
        mmenuview = inflater.inflate(r.layout.share_dialog, null);
        //获取控件
        mgridview=(gridview) mmenuview.findviewbyid(r.id.sharepopupwindow_gridview);
        mtextviewclose=(textview) mmenuview.findviewbyid(r.id.sharepopupwindow_close);
        //获取所有的非系统应用
        mappinfolist = shareutil.getallapps(context);
        //适配gridview
        madapter=new appinfoadapter(context, mappinfolist);
        mgridview.setadapter(madapter);
 
        //修改gridview
        changegridview(context);
 
        mgridview.setonitemclicklistener(new onitemclicklistener() {
 
            @override
            public void onitemclick(adapterview<?> parent, view view, int position,
                                    long id) {
                // todo auto-generated method stub
                //使用其他app打开文件
                intent intent = new intent();
                intent.addflags(intent.flag_activity_new_task);
                intent.addflags(intent.flag_grant_read_uri_permission | intent.flag_grant_write_uri_permission);
                intent.setaction(intent.action_view);
                //logutil.debug("图片地址："+imgpath);
                //我这里分享的是图片，如果你要分享链接和文本，可以在这里自行发挥
                uri uri = fileprovider.geturiforfile(context, "fileprovider", new file(imgpath));
                intent.setdataandtype(uri, maptable.getmimetype(imgpath));
                context.startactivity(intent);
            }
        });
        //取消按钮
        mtextviewclose.setonclicklistener(new onclicklistener() {
            @override
            public void onclick(view arg0) {
                // todo auto-generated method stub
                dismiss();
            }
        });
        //设置selectpicpopupwindow的view
        this.setcontentview(mmenuview);
        //设置selectpicpopupwindow弹出窗体的宽
        this.setwidth(layoutparams.fill_parent);
        //设置selectpicpopupwindow弹出窗体的高
        this.setheight(layoutparams.wrap_content);
        //设置selectpicpopupwindow弹出窗体可点击
        this.setfocusable(true);
        //设置窗口外也能点击（点击外面时，窗口可以关闭）
        this.setoutsidetouchable(true);
        //设置selectpicpopupwindow弹出窗体动画效果
        this.setanimationstyle(r.style.circledialog);
        //实例化一个colordrawable颜色为半透明
        colordrawable dw = new colordrawable(0x00000000);
        //设置selectpicpopupwindow弹出窗体的背景
        this.setbackgrounddrawable(dw);
    }
 
    /**
     * 将gridview改成单行横向布局
     */
    private void changegridview(context context) {
        // item宽度
        int itemwidth = dip2px(context, 90);
        // item之间的间隔
        int itempaddingh = dip2px(context, 1);
        //计算一共显示多少行;
        int size = mappinfolist.size();
        //int row=(size<=num) ? 1 :( (size%num>0) ? size/num+1 : size/num );
        //每行真正显示多少个
        int rowitem = (size<num)?size:num;
        // 计算gridview宽度
        int gridviewwidth = rowitem * (itemwidth + itempaddingh);
        linearlayout.layoutparams params = new linearlayout.layoutparams(
                gridviewwidth, linearlayout.layoutparams.match_parent);
        mgridview.setlayoutparams(params);
        mgridview.setcolumnwidth(itemwidth);
        mgridview.sethorizontalspacing(itempaddingh);
        mgridview.setstretchmode(gridview.no_stretch);
        mgridview.setnumcolumns(rowitem);
    }
 
    /**
     * 根据手机的分辨率从 dp 的单位 转成为 px(像素)
     * @param context   上下文
     * @param dpvalue   dp值
     * @return  px值
     */
    public static int dip2px(context context, float dpvalue) {
        final float scale = context.getresources().getdisplaymetrics().density;
        return (int) (dpvalue * scale + 0.5f);
    }
 
}

四、使用provider

1、在清单文件androidmanifest.xml的<application>标签内添加provider

<provider
            android:name="androidx.core.content.fileprovider"
            android:authorities="fileprovider"
            android:exported="false"
            android:granturipermissions="true">
            <meta-data
                android:name="android.support.file_provider_paths"
                android:resource="@xml/filepaths"/>
        </provider>

注意：要与activity标签同级 

 2、在res/xml目录添加filepaths.xml，代码如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<paths xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <!--
    1、name对应的属性值，开发者可以*定义；
    2、path对应的属性值，当前external-path标签下的相对路径
    -->
    <!--1、对应内部内存卡根目录：context.getfiledir()-->
    <files-path
        name="int_root"
        path="/" />
    <!--2、对应应用默认缓存根目录：context.getcachedir()-->
    <cache-path
        name="app_cache"
        path="/" />
    <!--3、对应外部内存卡根目录：environment.getexternalstoragedirectory()-->
    <external-path
        name="ext_root"
        path="documents/" />
    <!--4、对应外部内存卡根目录下的app公共目录：context.getexternalfiledir(environment.directory_pictures)-->
    <external-files-path
        name="ext_pub"
        path="/" />
    <!--5、对应外部内存卡根目录下的app缓存目录：context.getexternalcachedir()-->
    <external-cache-path
        name="ext_cache"
        path="/" />
</paths>

五、写一个工具类 

shareutil.java

package net.zy13.skhelper.utils;
 
import android.content.context;
import android.content.intent;
import android.content.pm.applicationinfo;
import android.content.pm.packageinfo;
import android.content.pm.packagemanager;
import android.content.pm.resolveinfo;
import android.graphics.bitmap;
 
import net.zy13.skhelper.mainapplication;
import net.zy13.skhelper.entity.appinfo;
 
import java.io.bufferedoutputstream;
import java.io.file;
import java.io.fileoutputstream;
import java.io.ioexception;
import java.util.arraylist;
import java.util.list;
 
public class shareutil {
    /**
     * 查询手机内所有的应用列表
     * @param context
     * @return
     */
    public static list<appinfo> getallapps(context context) {
        list<appinfo> applist = new arraylist<appinfo>();
        packagemanager pm=context.getpackagemanager();
        list<packageinfo> packages = pm.getinstalledpackages(0);
        for (int i = 0;i< packages.size();i++) {
            packageinfo packageinfo = packages.get(i);
            appinfo tmpinfo = new appinfo();
            tmpinfo.setappname(packageinfo.applicationinfo.loadlabel(pm).tostring());
            tmpinfo.setpackagename(packageinfo.packagename);
            tmpinfo.setversionname(packageinfo.versionname);
            tmpinfo.setversioncode(packageinfo.versioncode);
            tmpinfo.setappicon(packageinfo.applicationinfo.loadicon(pm));
            //如果非系统应用，则添加至applist
            if ((packageinfo.applicationinfo.flags & applicationinfo.flag_system) == 0) {
                //排除当前应用（替换成你的应用包名即可）
                if(!packageinfo.packagename.equals("net.zy13.skhelper")) {
                    applist.add(tmpinfo);
                }
            }
        }
        return  applist;
    }
    /**
     * 保存图片到缓存里
     * @param bitmap
     * @return
     */
    public static string savetitmaptocache(bitmap bitmap){
        // 默认保存在应用缓存目录里 context.getcachedir()
        file file=new file(mainapplication.getappcontext().getcachedir(),system.currenttimemillis()+".png");
        try {
            bufferedoutputstream bos = new bufferedoutputstream(new fileoutputstream(file));
            bitmap.compress(bitmap.compressformat.jpeg, 100, bos);
            bos.flush();
            bos.close();
        } catch (ioexception e) {
            e.printstacktrace();
        }
        return file.getpath();
    }
}

六、gridview的适配器 appinfoadapter.java

package net.zy13.skhelper.adapter;
 
import android.annotation.suppresslint;
import android.content.context;
import android.view.layoutinflater;
import android.view.view;
import android.view.viewgroup;
import android.widget.adapterview.onitemclicklistener;
import android.widget.baseadapter;
import android.widget.imageview;
import android.widget.textview;
 
import net.zy13.skhelper.r;
import net.zy13.skhelper.entity.appinfo;
 
import java.util.list;
 
public class appinfoadapter extends baseadapter {
 
    private context context;
    private list<appinfo> mappinfolist;
    private onitemclicklistener monitemclicklitener;
 
    public appinfoadapter(context context, list<appinfo> mappinfolist) {
        super();
        this.context = context;
        this.mappinfolist = mappinfolist;
    }
 
    @override
    public int getcount() {
        // todo auto-generated method stub
        return mappinfolist.size();
    }
 
    @override
    public object getitem(int arg0) {
        // todo auto-generated method stub
        return null;
    }
 
    @override
    public long getitemid(int arg0) {
        // todo auto-generated method stub
        return 0;
    }
 
    @suppresslint("newapi")
    @override
    public view getview(int position, view convertview, viewgroup parent) {
        // todo auto-generated method stub
        appinfo appinfo = mappinfolist.get(position);
        // 加载布局
        view view;
        viewholder viewholder;
        if (convertview == null) {
            view = layoutinflater.from(context).inflate(r.layout.appinfo_item, null);
            viewholder = new viewholder(view);
            // 将viewholder存储在view中
            view.settag(viewholder);
        } else {
            view = convertview;
            // 重新获取viewholder
            viewholder = (viewholder) view.gettag();
 
        }
        //设置控件的值
        viewholder.imageviewicon.setimagedrawable(appinfo.getappicon());
        string name=appinfo.getappname();
        viewholder.textviewname.settext(name);
        return view;
    }
 
    class viewholder {
        imageview imageviewicon;
        textview textviewname;
 
        public viewholder(view view) {
            this.imageviewicon = (imageview) view.findviewbyid(r.id.appinfo_item_icon);
            this.textviewname = (textview) view.findviewbyid(r.id.appinfo_item_name);
        }
    }
 
}

七、自定义分享窗口sharepopupwindow的调用 

 private linearlayout mlayoutroot;
 private imageview mimageview;
 
//获取根布局
mlayoutroot=(linearlayout)view.findviewbyid(r.id.layoutroot);
//获取图片控件
mimageview=(imageview)view.findviewbyid(r.id.image_qrcode);
 
 
// 获取imageview图片
mimageview.setdrawingcacheenabled(true);
bitmap bitmap =bitmap.createbitmap(mimageviewqrcode.getdrawingcache());
mimageview.setdrawingcacheenabled(false);
string imgpath=shareutil.savetitmaptocache(bitmap);
//实例化分享窗口
sharepopupwindow spw = new sharepopupwindow(mcontext);
spw.setimgpath(imgpath);
// 显示窗口
spw.showatlocation(mlayoutroot, gravity.bottom, 0, 0);

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