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keepalived+amoeba+mysql-mmm+mysql实现mysql读写分离及高可用

程序员文章站 2022-05-22 13:58:31
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最近尝试了一下mysql的读写分离和高可用的搭建。搭好之后体验了一下,效果还不错。这里跟大家分享一下。 1、首先介绍一下mysql-mmm这个工具是干嘛使的? 众所周知,mysql自身提供了AB复制。我们也可以很轻松的实现master-master双向复制,同时再为其中的一个

最近尝试了一下mysql的读写分离和高可用的搭建。搭好之后体验了一下,效果还不错。这里跟大家分享一下。

1、首先介绍一下mysql-mmm这个工具是干嘛使的?

众所周知,mysql自身提供了AB复制。我们也可以很轻松的实现master-master双向复制,同时再为其中的一个master节点搭建一个slave库。这样就实现了master1与master2之间的双向复制,同时master1与slave1之间主从复制这样的架构。这样整个体系中就存在两个master,正常情况下只有一个master对外提供服务。如果对外提供服务的master意外宕机了,这时mysql本身并不具备failover切换的能力,这样尽管系统中还有一个正常的master节点,但应用仍不可用,这个正常的master尽管存在,但无疑是个摆设。mysql-mmm就是在这样的条件下诞生的。

Mysql-MMM是Master-Master Replication Manager for MySQL(mysql主主复制管理器)的简称,该项目来自于Google,旨在用来监控mysql主主复制和做失败转移。其原理是将真实数据库节点的IP映射为虚拟IP集,在这个虚拟的IP集中,有一个用于write的IP,多个用于read的IP,这个用于write的虚拟IP映射着数据库集群中的两台master的真实IP,以此来实现failover的切换,如果觉得不是很明白,没有关系,后边具体配置部分还会再做说明。

Mysql-MMM是一个开源的项目,官网:http://mysql-mmm.org

2、接着来说amoeba是个什么物件?

可能您听说过mysql-proxy,这个mysql官方维护的一个实现mysql读写分离的工具,曾经测试使用过,但没有在生产中使用。网上大家讨论比较多的是mysql-proxy的配置比较麻烦,其实不是的,单说mysql-proxy的配置的话是比较简单的,不比amoeba麻烦多少,主要是mysql-proxy自身不带有启动脚本,如果你想实现像mysql服务那样的启动方式就需要自己来编写服务脚本。这里实现mysql读写分离,使用淘宝开源出来的amoeba,amoeba是用java开发出来的一款软件,其配置文件为xml格式。选择amoeba是因为amoeba是淘宝在生产环境中使用过的,经过实践测试的,相比mysql-proxy来说,风险性要小一些。

3、最后来说keepalived

keeplived是用来实现服务的高可用的一款优秀的工具,需要说明的是keepalived会为代理的服务虚拟一个IP,用于外部访问,正常情况下,这个虚拟IP是绑定在master上的。master通过脚本来周期性判断服务是否正常运行,如果发现服务异常,就会停掉keepalived服务,这时原本绑定在master上的虚拟IP就会浮动到backup上,由于这个虚拟IP仍然存在,所以外部仍旧可以访问这个服务。


实验环境:

hadoop0.updb.com 192.168.0.100

hadoop1.updb.com 192.168.0.101

hadoop2.updb.com 192.168.0.102

hadoop3.updb.com 192.168.0.103

hadoop4.updb.com 192.168.0.104

hadoop5.updb.com 192.168.0.105

mysql 5.6

所有节点的系统均为centos,使用自带网络yum源,扩展epel源,保证你的各节点均能访问公网,因为我们的mysql-mmm和keepalived均使用epel源进行网络安装。


最终架构:

keepalived+amoeba+mysql-mmm+mysql实现mysql读写分离及高可用

为了尽可能简洁而清楚的表达,上图中并没有显示mysql-mmm的部署规划。mysql-mmm分为monitor端和agent端,实验中在所有的mysql节点(192.168.0.102-192.168.0.105)上安装agent端,在192.168.0.101上安装monitor端。


好了,到这里相信你的心中已经有了丘壑,下面我们将一步一步来实现

1、搭建mysql集群,基本的mysql安装这里不再介绍(这里主主复制、主从复制的搭建是在全新安装的数据库的基础上,所以在设置同步参数时,binlog为mysql-bin.000001

a、mysql 主主复制

首先停掉hadoop2、hadoop3上的mysql服务,修改配置文件,hadoop2配置如下:

[root@hadoop2 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf 
[mysqld]
server-id=1
log-bin=mysql-bin.log
sync_binlog=1
log-slave-updates
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 512M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1
sql_mode=STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO
lower_case_table_names=1
log_bin_trust_function_creators=1
character-set-server=utf8

[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8

hadoop3配置文件,注意server-id不能重

[root@hadoop3 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf 
[mysqld]
server-id=2
log-bin=mysql-bin.log
sync_binlog=1
log-slave-updates
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 512M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1
sql_mode=STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO
lower_case_table_names=1
log_bin_trust_function_creators=1
character-set-server=utf8

[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8

重启hadoop2、hadoop3上的mysql服务


hadoop2、hadoop3上都执行添加同步用户的操作

mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'rep'@'192.168.0.%' identified by '123456';

hadoop3上设置同步参数

mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO  
     > MASTER_HOST='192.168.0.102',
     > MASTER_PORT=3306, 
     > MASTER_USER='rep', 
     > MASTER_PASSWORD='123456',
     > MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001', 
     > MASTER_LOG_POS=107;

注意上面的MASTER_LOG_POS=107中的107是通过下面命令在其主库中查询的,hadoop3的主库为hadoop2

mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 |      107 |              |                  |                   |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

设置好hadoop3的主库同步参数后,启动其slave的角色

mysql> start slave;
## 查看是否同步成功
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 192.168.0.102
                  Master_User: rep
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 107
               Relay_Log_File: hadoop3-relay-bin.00002
                Relay_Log_Pos: 283
        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

如果看到上面的最后两项都为Yes,代表同步成功。


hadoop2上设置同步参数

mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO  
     > MASTER_HOST='192.168.0.103',
     > MASTER_PORT=3306, 
     > MASTER_USER='rep', 
     > MASTER_PASSWORD='123456',
     > MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001', 
     > MASTER_LOG_POS=203;

同样需要到hadoop2的主库hadoop3上去查看二进制日志的位置来确定MASTER_LOG_POS的值

mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 |      203 |              |                  |                   |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

设置好hadoop2的主库同步参数后,启动其slave的角色

mysql> start slave;
## 查看是否同步成功
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 192.168.0.103
                  Master_User: rep
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 203
               Relay_Log_File: hadoop2-relay-bin.00002
                Relay_Log_Pos: 190
        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

如果看到上面的最后两项都为Yes,代表同步成功。至此,主主复制完成,限于篇幅,不再贴出测试结果。

b、为hadoop2搭建主从复制,slave节点为hadoop4、hadoop5

配置hadoop4的配置文件

[root@hadoop4 ~]# cat  /etc/my.cnf 
[mysqld]
server-id=3
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 512M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1
sql_mode=STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO
lower_case_table_names=1
log_bin_trust_function_creators=1
character-set-server=utf8

[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8

hadoop4上设置同步参数

mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO  
     > MASTER_HOST='192.168.0.102',
     > MASTER_PORT=3306, 
     > MASTER_USER='rep', 
     > MASTER_PASSWORD='123456',
     > MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000002', 
     > MASTER_LOG_POS=234;

查询主库的MASTER_LOG_POS

mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000002 |      234 |              |                  |                   |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

设置好hadoop4的主库同步参数后,启动slave

mysql> start slave;
## 查看是否同步成功
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 192.168.0.102
                  Master_User: rep
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 234
               Relay_Log_File: hadoop4-relay-bin.00001
                Relay_Log_Pos: 292
        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

hadoop5的配置过程与hadoop4一样,需要注意的是hadoop5配置文件中的server-id=4,不能跟其他节点重复,这里不再贴测试结果。


2、搭建mysql-mmm

首先在mysql中添加mysql-mmm访问mysql的用户,由于已经配置了主主、主从复制,所以只需要在hadoop2上进行授权即可

mysql> GRANT REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO 'mmm_monitor'@'192.168.0.%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
mysql> GRANT SUPER, REPLICATION CLIENT, PROCESS ON *.* TO 'mmm_agent'@'192.168.0.%'   IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
mysql> flush privileges;

在hadoop1-hadoop5这5个节点上安装mysql-mmm

yum install mysql-mmm* -y

在hadoop1上配置mmm_common.conf,然后将该文件拷贝到其他节点的相同位置,覆盖默认的mmm-common.conf文件

[root@hadoop1 ~]# cat  /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_common.conf 
active_master_role      writer


    cluster_interface       eth0
    pid_path                /var/run/mysql-mmm/mmm_agentd.pid
    bin_path                /usr/libexec/mysql-mmm/
    replication_user        rep            ## mysql中复制用的同步用户
    replication_password    123456         ## mysql中复制用的同步密码
    agent_user              mmm_agent      ## mysql中mysql-mmm的agent用户
    agent_password          123456         ## mysql中mysql-mmm的agent密码
    
    ip      192.168.0.102
    mode    master
    peer    db2

    ip      192.168.0.103
    mode    master
    peer    db1

    ip      192.168.0.104
    mode    slave

    ip      192.168.0.105
    mode    slave


## 定义虚拟IP192.168.0.201为wirte的IP,可以看到映射的是两个master

    hosts   db1, db2
    ips     192.168.0.201
    mode    exclusive

## 定义虚拟IP192.168.0.202-205为read的IP,同时使用负载均衡模式

    hosts   db1, db2, db3, db4
    ips     192.168.0.202, 192.168.0.203, 192.168.0.204, 192.168.0.205
    mode    balanced

将hadoop1上修改好的mmm_common.conf拷贝到其他个节点上的相同位置覆盖默认的mmm_common.conf


hadoop1上修改monitor的配置文件mmm_mon.conf

[root@hadoop1 ~]# cat  /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_mon.conf 
include mmm_common.conf


    ip                  127.0.0.1
    pid_path            /var/run/mysql-mmm/mmm_mond.pid
    bin_path            /usr/libexec/mysql-mmm
    status_path         /var/lib/mysql-mmm/mmm_mond.status
    ## 这里的ip填写mysql集群各节点的真实IP
    ping_ips            192.168.0.102,192.168.0.103,192.168.0.104,192.168.0.105
    auto_set_online     60

    # The kill_host_bin does not exist by default, though the monitor will
    # throw a warning about it missing.  See the section 5.10 "Kill Host 
    # Functionality" in the PDF documentation.
    #
    # kill_host_bin     /usr/libexec/mysql-mmm/monitor/kill_host
    #

    monitor_user        mmm_monitor            ##mysql中设置的mmm_monitor用户
    monitor_password    123456                 ##mysql中设置的mmm_monitor密码


debug 0                           ##如果设为1,会在启动时打印DEBUG信息,用于排障

好,monitor的配置到此结束,紧接着来配置hadoop2-hadoop5上的agent,以hadoop2为例

[root@hadoop2 ~]# cat /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_agent.conf 
include mmm_common.conf

# The 'this' variable refers to this server.  Proper operation requires 
# that 'this' server (db1 by default), as well as all other servers, have the 
# proper IP addresses set in mmm_common.conf.
this db1

非常的简单,只要修改最后一行,跟mmm_common.conf中的配置要一致。hadoop3中改为db2,hadoop4中改为db3,hadoop5中改为db4。

hadoop1上启动monitor

/etc/init.d/mysql-mmm-monitor start

hadoop2、hadoop3、hadoop4、hadoop5中启动agent

/etc/init.d/mysql-mmm-agent start

hadoop1上查看状态

[root@hadoop1 ~]# mmm_control show  
  db1(192.168.0.102) master/AWAITING_RECOVERY. Roles:
  db2(192.168.0.103) master/AWAITING_RECOVERY. Roles:
  db3(192.168.0.104) slave/AWAITING_RECOVERY. Roles:
  db4(192.168.0.105) slave/AWAITING_RECOVERY. Roles:

第一次使用,发现是状态是等待恢复,使用命令改变状态

[root@hadoop1 ~]# mmm_control set_online db1

再次查看状态

[root@hadoop1 ~]# mmm_control show
  db1(192.168.0.102) master/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.0.205), writer(192.168.0.201)
  db2(192.168.0.103) master/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.0.203)
  db3(192.168.0.104) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.0.204)
  db4(192.168.0.105) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.0.202)

现在停掉hadoop2上的mysql,查看虚拟IP的浮动

[root@hadoop2 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysql stop
Shutting down MySQL.... SUCCESS!

hadoop1上查看状态,发现writer绑定到了hadoop3上

[root@hadoop1 ~]# mmm_control show
  db1(192.168.0.102) master/HARD_OFFLINE. Roles: 
  db2(192.168.0.103) master/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.0.203), writer(192.168.0.201)
  db3(192.168.0.104) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.0.204), reader(192.168.0.205)
  db4(192.168.0.105) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.0.202)

hadoop4中查看原本与hadoop2做同步的slave现在的master是哪个?

[root@hadoop4 ~]# mysql -uroot -p -e "show slave status\G"
Enter password: 
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 192.168.0.103
                  Master_User: rep
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 120
               Relay_Log_File: hadoop4-relay-bin.000002
                Relay_Log_Pos: 283
        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

发现原本与hadoop2同步的hadoop4和hadoop5已经自动的与hadoop3同步,是不是觉得很神奇,哈哈,我也被mysql-mmm的牛叉所震精!!!!

现在我们重启hadoop2的mysql,看hadoop1上的状态事都会改变

[root@hadoop2 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysql start
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!

hadoop1上查看状态,hadoop2变为待恢复状态

[root@hadoop1 ~]# mmm_control show
  db1(192.168.0.102) master/AWAITING_RECOVERY. Roles: 
  db2(192.168.0.103) master/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.0.203), writer(192.168.0.201)
  db3(192.168.0.104) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.0.204), reader(192.168.0.205)
  db4(192.168.0.105) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.0.202)

隔一小段时间,再次查看,发现其中的一个read 虚拟IP已经浮动到hadoop2上,此时writer仍位于hadoop3上,当然slave此时会从hadoop3来同步数据。直到hadoop3上的mysql服务不可用之后,才会重新切换回与hadoop2同步。

[root@hadoop1 ~]# mmm_control show
  db1(192.168.0.102) master/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.0.204)
  db2(192.168.0.103) master/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.0.203), writer(192.168.0.201)
  db3(192.168.0.104) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.0.205)
  db4(192.168.0.105) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.0.202)


3、amoeba实现读写分离

在hadoop0、haoop1上安装配置amoeba

首先在hadoop0、hadoop1上安装配置jdk和mysql客户端,实验中使用jdk1.7

## 安装mysql客户端
yum install mysql -y
## 安装jdk
[root@hadoop1 ~]# rpm -ivh jdk-7u60-linux-x64.rpm
## 验证jdk环境是否安装成功
[root@hadoop1 ~]# java -version
java version "1.7.0_45"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (rhel-2.4.3.3.el6-x86_64 u45-b15)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 24.45-b08, mixed mode)
## 配置环境变量
[root@hadoop1 ~]# cat .bash_profile 
# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
        . ~/.bashrc
fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_60
export JRE_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_60/jre
export CLASSPATH=./:/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_60/lib:/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_60/jre/lib
export PATH
## 使环境变量生效
[root@hadoop1 ~]# . .bash_profile

hadoop1上安装amoeba

[root@hadoop1 pub]# tar xf amoeba-mysql-binary-2.2.0.tar.gz  -C /opt/
[root@hadoop1 pub]# cd  /opt/amoeba-mysql/

将amoeba的bin命令添加到环境变量

[root@hadoop1 ~]# cat  .bash_profile 
# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
        . ~/.bashrc
fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/opt/amoeba-mysql/bin

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_60
export JRE_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_60/jre
export CLASSPATH=./:/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_60/lib:/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_60/jre/lib
export PATH

[root@hadoop1 ~]# . .bash_profile

尝试启动amoeba,验证是否安装成功,若出现如下信息,则表明安装成功

[root@hadoop1 ~]# amoeba start 
log4j:WARN log4j config load completed from file:/opt/amoeba-mysql/conf/log4j.xml
2014-10-27 00:11:22,040 INFO  context.MysqlRuntimeContext - Amoeba for Mysql current versoin=5.1.45-mysql-amoeba-proxy-2.2.0
log4j:WARN ip access config load completed from file:/opt/amoeba-mysql/conf/access_list.conf
2014-10-27 00:11:22,788 INFO  net.ServerableConnectionManager - Amoeba Monitor Server listening on /0.0.0.0:9066.
2014-10-27 00:11:22,788 INFO  net.ServerableConnectionManager - Amoeba for Mysql listening on /0.0.0.0:3306.

如出现下面的错误:

[root@hadoop1 ~]# amoeba start
amoeba startThe stack size specified is too small, Specify at least 160k
Error: Could not create the Java Virtual Machine.
Error: A fatal exception has occurred. Program will exit.

按照下面的方法解决

[root@hadoop1 ~]# cd /opt/amoeba-mysql/bin/
[root@hadoop1 bin]# vi amoeba
## 将DEFAULT_OPTS="-server -Xms256m -Xmx256m -Xss256k"这行中的数值调大一些,我这里全部设置成256

接着开始配置amoeba

[root@hadoop1 ~]# cd  /opt/amoeba-mysql/
[root@hadoop1 amoeba-mysql]# vi conf/dbServers.xml
${defaultManager}641283306testkora12345650050010600000600000truetruetrue192.168.0.201192.168.0.202192.168.0.203192.168.0.204192.168.0.2051slave1,slave2,slave3,slave4

[root@hadoop1 amoeba-mysql]# vi conf/amoeba.xml 
33060.0.0.0${clientConnectioneManager}12864kora123456${amoeba.home}/conf/access_list.conf90660.0.0.0true${clientConnectioneManager}20303050060com.meidusa.amoeba.net.ConnectionManager5com.meidusa.amoeba.net.AuthingableConnectionManager5${amoeba.home}/conf/dbServers.xml${amoeba.home}/conf/rule.xml${amoeba.home}/conf/ruleFunctionMap.xml${amoeba.home}/conf/functionMap.xml
     &nbs