hibernate一对多单向关联关系
前一段时间一直在忙于一个演示项目,近日完工了,就回过看来看了看hibernate,hibernate中一对多的关联最为常见,就简单的谈谈这个,言语不对,忘指点:
下面我以Father 和 Child为例为说明:
先来看看两个实体类
1)Father.java
package com.syp.pojo; import java.util.HashSet; import java.util.Set; /** * Father entity. * * @author MyEclipse Persistence Tools */ public class Father implements java.io.Serializable { // Fields private Integer id; private String name; private Set childs = new HashSet(0); // Constructors /** default constructor */ public Father() { } /** full constructor */ public Father(String name, Set childs) { this.name = name; this.childs = childs; } // Property accessors public Integer getId() { return this.id; } public void setId(Integer id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return this.name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Set getChilds() { return this.childs; } public void setChilds(Set childs) { this.childs = childs; } }
对应的hbm.xml如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <!-- Mapping file autogenerated by MyEclipse Persistence Tools --> <hibernate-mapping> <class name="com.syp.pojo.Father" table="father" catalog="test"> <id name="id" type="java.lang.Integer"> <column name="id" /> </id> <property name="name" type="java.lang.String"> <column name="name" length="30" /> </property> <set name="childs" inverse="true" cascade="all"> <key> <column name="father_id" /> </key> <one-to-many class="com.syp.pojo.Child" /> </set> </class> </hibernate-mapping>
2)Child.java
package com.syp.pojo; /** * Child entity. * * @author MyEclipse Persistence Tools */ public class Child implements java.io.Serializable { // Fields private Integer id; private Father father; private String name; // Constructors /** default constructor */ public Child() { } /** full constructor */ public Child(Father father, String name) { this.father = father; this.name = name; } // Property accessors public Integer getId() { return this.id; } public void setId(Integer id) { this.id = id; } public Father getFather() { return this.father; } public void setFather(Father father) { this.father = father; } public String getName() { return this.name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } }
对应的hbm.xml如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <!-- Mapping file autogenerated by MyEclipse Persistence Tools --> <hibernate-mapping> <class name="com.syp.pojo.Child" table="child" catalog="test"> <id name="id" type="java.lang.Integer"> <column name="id" /> </id> <many-to-one name="father" class="com.syp.pojo.Father" fetch="select"> <column name="father_id" /> </many-to-one> <property name="name" type="java.lang.String"> <column name="name" length="30" /> </property> </class> </hibernate-mapping>
3)关于hibernate.cfg.xml的配置如下:
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd"> <!-- Generated by MyEclipse Hibernate Tools. --> <hibernate-configuration> <session-factory> <property name="dialect"> org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect </property> <property name="connection.url"> jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test </property> <property name="connection.username">root</property> <property name="connection.password">root</property> <property name="connection.driver_class"> com.mysql.jdbc.Driver </property> <property name="myeclipse.connection.profile"> mysqltest </property> <property name="show_sql">true</property> <mapping resource="com/syp/pojo/Father.hbm.xml" /> <mapping resource="com/syp/pojo/Child.hbm.xml" /> </session-factory> </hibernate-configuration>
4) HibernateSessionFactory.java如下,小弟是用E直接生成的,对E不齿的就请原谅了
package com.syp.hib; import org.hibernate.HibernateException; import org.hibernate.Session; import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration; /** * Configures and provides access to Hibernate sessions, tied to the current * thread of execution. Follows the Thread Local Session pattern, see * {@link http://hibernate.org/42.html }. */ public class HibernateSessionFactory { /** * Location of hibernate.cfg.xml file. Location should be on the classpath * as Hibernate uses #resourceAsStream style lookup for its configuration * file. The default classpath location of the hibernate config file is in * the default package. Use #setConfigFile() to update the location of the * configuration file for the current session. */ private static String CONFIG_FILE_LOCATION = "/com/syp/hib/hibernate.cfg.xml"; private static final ThreadLocal<Session> threadLocal = new ThreadLocal<Session>(); private static Configuration configuration = new Configuration(); private static org.hibernate.SessionFactory sessionFactory; private static String configFile = CONFIG_FILE_LOCATION; static { try { // configuration.configure(configFile); configuration.configure(); sessionFactory = configuration.buildSessionFactory(); } catch (Exception e) { System.err.println("%%%% Error Creating SessionFactory %%%%"); e.printStackTrace(); } } private HibernateSessionFactory() { } /** * Returns the ThreadLocal Session instance. Lazy initialize the * <code>SessionFactory</code> if needed. * * @return Session * @throws HibernateException */ public static Session getSession() throws HibernateException { Session session = (Session) threadLocal.get(); if (session == null || !session.isOpen()) { if (sessionFactory == null) { rebuildSessionFactory(); } session = (sessionFactory != null) ? sessionFactory.openSession() : null; threadLocal.set(session); } return session; } /** * Rebuild hibernate session factory * */ public static void rebuildSessionFactory() { try { configuration.configure(configFile); // configuration.configure(); sessionFactory = configuration.buildSessionFactory(); } catch (Exception e) { System.err.println("%%%% Error Creating SessionFactory %%%%"); e.printStackTrace(); } } /** * Close the single hibernate session instance. * * @throws HibernateException */ public static void closeSession() throws HibernateException { Session session = (Session) threadLocal.get(); threadLocal.set(null); if (session != null) { session.close(); } } /** * return session factory * */ public static org.hibernate.SessionFactory getSessionFactory() { return sessionFactory; } /** * return session factory * * session factory will be rebuilded in the next call */ public static void setConfigFile(String configFile) { HibernateSessionFactory.configFile = configFile; sessionFactory = null; } /** * return hibernate configuration * */ public static Configuration getConfiguration() { return configuration; } }
5)以下测试的类:Test.java
package com.syp.test; import java.util.List; import org.hibernate.Query; import org.hibernate.Session; import com.syp.hib.HibernateSessionFactory; import com.syp.pojo.Child; import com.syp.pojo.Father; public class Test { /** * @param args */ public static void main(String[] args) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub Session session; Father f = new Father(); f.setId(1); f.setName("likui"); Child c = new Child(); c.setName("c"); c.setId(1); c.setFather(f); f.getChilds().add(c); session = HibernateSessionFactory.getSession(); session.beginTransaction(); session.save(f); session.getTransaction().commit(); // Father f2 = (Father) session.get(Father.class, 1); // // System.out.println(f2.getName()); Query query = session.createQuery("from Father"); List l = query.list(); for (int i = 0; i < l.size(); i++) { Father f3 = (Father) l.get(i); System.out.println(f3.getName()); } } }
在hibernate 中一对多关键点于对"inverse", "cascade"的设置,首先来说明一下这两个属性有什么作用,"inverse"的中文意思是:adj.
倒转的, 反转的
n.
反面
v.
倒转
是一个多属性的词,我想你已经明白了,它表示与此类关联的关系由谁来维护,通俗的讲就是,此类及与与此类关联的类,这两个类之间的关系由哪一方来维护。它的取值只有两个“true"or"false",默认值为"false".
其次是"cascade",这个是一个很重要的属性,如果你想体会hibernate的强大,你一定要注意它了,因它它会给你带来意想不到的惊喜。
它的取值:
none:在保存,删除或修改当前对象时,不对其附属对象(关联对象)进行级联
操作。它是默认值。
save-update:在保存,更新当前对象时,级联保存,更新附属对象(临时对象,
游离对象)。
delete:在删除当前对象时,级联删除附属对象。
all:所有情况下均进行级联操作,即包含save-update和delete操作。
delete-orphan:删除和当前对象解除关系的附属对象。
,请各位注意一下Father.hbm.xml文件,为了便于说明,在贴出来
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <!-- Mapping file autogenerated by MyEclipse Persistence Tools --> <hibernate-mapping> <class name="com.syp.pojo.Father" table="father" catalog="test"> <id name="id" type="java.lang.Integer"> <column name="id" /> </id> <property name="name" type="java.lang.String"> <column name="name" length="30" /> </property> <set name="childs" inverse="true" cascade="all">
在这里设置了“inverse=true",它表里当在操作Father与Child时,再者之间的关系由对方去管理,
就是由Chil来管理,“casCade=all",就是我们在对此对象进行有的操作时,与此关联的附属对象均会被级联操作,如果是保存的话,
附属对象也会被保存,其它操作也是如此。
<key> <column name="father_id" /> </key> <one-to-many class="com.syp.pojo.Child" /> </set> </class> </hibernate-mapping>
在测试的代码中我们看到只保存了Father ,没有保存Child,Child也会被保存,就是CasCade的作用。
在说到这,欢迎各位大牛指点。
源码可下载: