MySQL 5.6 Replication
打开mysql主页,满篇介绍mysql5.6版本有多好,多牛。后来浏览了5.6的更新说明,说是强化了replication,还有人测试开启replication对性能影响不大,不像以前,影
打开mysql主页,满篇介绍mysql5.6版本有多好,多牛。后来浏览了5.6的更新说明,说是强化了replication,还有人测试开启replication对性能影响不大,不像以前,影响性能明显。反而性能更好?那个叫mysql中国的网站测试说的。官网有说多线程啥的进行复制,好吧。我信了。
但是安装网上老的配置方法配置主从模式失败,服务器空间,服务起不来,说找不到pid什么文件,错误已经忘啦~~不好意思。
于是乎,在官方下载最新的安装文档...全英文...一口一口的啃。
终于在1个小时前配置好了,是双主互备模式。master==master.
整理下配置方法。
安装mysql5.6.9(源码下载那个网站没有提供最新的5.6.10版本,而我又不想装RPM包,你懂的)。安装在这里略过,只要看解压后里面的INSTALL文件安装提示来就可以了。
我把mysql安装到了/usr/local/mysql目录,装完之后,有个my.cnf在/usr/local/mysql目录下面。
这个就是配置文件了,打开一看,里面就有一行...
-----------------下面我们开始配置-------------
两台服务器:mysql-m1 192.168.0.140
mysql-m2 192.168.0.141
打开mysql-m1的my.cnf文件,添加如下代码:
binlog-format=ROW
log-slave-updates=true
gtid-mode=on # GTID only
enforce-gtid-consistency=true # GTID only
master-info-repository=TABLE
relay-log-info-repository=TABLE
sync-master-info=1
slave-parallel-workers=2
binlog-checksum=CRC32
master-verify-checksum=1
slave-sql-verify-checksum=1
binlog-rows-query-log_events=1
server-id=1
report-port=3306
port=3306
log-bin=binlog
report-host=192.168.0.140
肯定有人好奇,为啥要加这些代码?
好吧,我也不知道,官方就这么说的。(开玩笑了)。我把个个参数的意思原汁原味的写出来:
• binlog-format: row-based replication is selected in order to test all of the MySQL 5.6
optimisations
• log-slave-updates, gtid-mode, enforce-gtid-consistency, report-port and
report-host: used to enable Global Transaction IDs and meet the associated prerequisites
• master-info-repository and relay-log-info-repository: are turned on to enable
the crash-safe binlog/slave functionality (storing the information in transactional tables rather
than flat files)
• sync-master-info: set to 1 to ensure that no information is lost
• slave-parallel-workers: sets the number of parallel threads to be used for applying
received replication events when this server acts as a slave. A value of 0 would turn off the
multithreaded slave functionality; if the machine has a lot of cores and you are using many
databases within the server then you may want to increase this value in order to better exploit
multi-threaded replication
• binlog-checksum, master-verify-checksum and slave-sql-verify-checksum:
used to enable all of the replication checksum checks
• binlog-rows-query-log-events: enables informational log events (specifically, the
original SQL query) in the binary log when using row-based replication – this makes
troubleshooting simpler
• log-bin: The server cannot act as a replication master unless binary logging is enabled. If
you wish to enable a slave to assume the role of master at some point in the future (i.e. in the
event of a failover or switchover), you also need to configure binary logging. Binary logging
must also be enabled on the slave(s) when using Global Transaction IDs.
• server-id: The server_id variable must be unique amongst all servers in the replication
topology and is represented by a positive integer value from 1 to 2
32
好了,上面的参数都知道什么意思了吧。
接下来,我们同样设置第二台服务器:
binlog-format=ROW
log-slave-updates=true
gtid-mode=on # GTID only
enforce-gtid-consistency=true # GTID only
master-info-repository=TABLE
relay-log-info-repository=TABLE
sync-master-info=1
slave-parallel-workers=2
binlog-checksum=CRC32
master-verify-checksum=1
slave-sql-verify-checksum=1
binlog-rows-query-log_events=1
server-id=2
report-port=3306
port=3306
log-bin=binlog
report-host=192.168.0.141
注意,server-id=2,另外,report-host也改下。
这两个配置文件改好之后重启服务器。
重启完服务器之后,登录第二台服务器mysql-m2
登录mysql
mysql -u root -p
输入完用户名和密码之后:
> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=192.168.0.140, MASTER_USER='repl_user',
MASTER_PASSWORD='billy';
> START SLAVE;
这样主从模式就做好了主-----》从
-----------------------------------
我们在第一台服务器上设置可远程登录账户:
先登录mysql服务器:
>Grant all privileges on *.* to 'admin'@'%' identified by '123456' with grant option;
红色字体分别为账户和密码。
同样的,第二台服务器也这么操作。
然后,我们在主服务器(mysql-m1)的test数据库下面建立一个表测试同步情况:
登录mysql服务器:mysql -u root -p
>use test;(装好后,mysql默认自带)。
>create table abc(a int,b int,c int);
创建好后插入数据。
>insert into abc values(1,2,3);
多执行几次
然后select * from abc;
查看数据插入进去了没有。(我后面有自己插入了几行)。
mysql> select * from acc;
+------+------+------+
| a | b | c |
+------+------+------+
| 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 2 | 2 | 2 |
| 2 | 2 | 2 |
| 2 | 2 | 2 |
+------+------+------+
登录mysql-m2,查看是否有数据同步过来。
同步过来了就是ok的了。
-------------------------------------
官方的文档只说了主从模式,我查了一下,要做双主模式,必须开启log-slave-updates=true这个选项。
我看了看两台服务器的配置文件都有这个。
然后呢,我自己试了一下。
登录主服务器---mysql-m1
登录mysql ----mysql -u root -p
输入密码
执行:
> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=192.168.0.141, MASTER_USER='admin',
MASTER_PASSWORD='123456';
> START SLAVE;
没想到,真的就可以,没报错。
>show slave status\G;
两台服务器都能查询出来信息。
===================总结=================
官方这个文档我是明白了。
它让每个slave都有当master的机会,如果一个master宕机了,
执行:
> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=192.168.0.*, MASTER_USER='repl_user',
MASTER_PASSWORD='billy';
> START SLAVE;
这个操作,只要换个IP地址,可以把任何一台从机变成主机,当主机启动之后,再执行:
> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=192.168.0.MASTER_IP, MASTER_USER='repl_user',
MASTER_PASSWORD='billy';
> START SLAVE;
这样主从切换来回自如。
不过,香港虚拟主机,我真的不知道类似于heartbeat的功能有木有~~~~我不像业务中断,香港虚拟主机,难道要在master上面做heartbeat?
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