BZOJ3672: [Noi2014]购票(dp 斜率优化 点分治 二分 凸包)

题意

题目链接

sol

介绍一种神奇的点分治的做法

啥？这都有根树了怎么点分治？？

嘿嘿，这道题的点分治不同于一般的点分治。正常的点分治思路大概是先统计过重心的，再递归下去

实际上一般的点分治与统计顺序关系不大，也就是说我可以先统计再递归，或者先递归再统计。

但是这题不单单是统计，它是dp，存在决策顺序问题，我们就需要换一种思路了。

首先我们可以这样考虑：对于每个点\(x\)，找出子树重心\(root\)，对除去重心外的部分递归执行该操作，那么回溯回来的时候，我们默认除重心的子树外答案都已经更新好了。

接下来考虑重心子树内的点的转移，我们只需要考虑从\(root\)到\(x\)的路径，显然排序之后双指针可以做到\(nlogn\)的复杂度。(对转移位置按深度排序，对要更新的点按深度 - 限制长度排序，双指针的时候维护一下凸包，因为\(p\)不单调所以需要在凸包上二分)

复杂度不太会严格的证明，但是跑的飞快。因为虽然我们的分治结构变了，但每次还是找重心更新答案，所以复杂度是有保证的。

#include<bits/stdc++.h> 
#define int long long 
#define ll long long 
using namespace std;
const int maxn = 1e6 + 10, mod = 1e9 + 7, inf = 3e18 + 10;
const double eps = 1e-9;
template <typename a, typename b> inline bool chmin(a &a, b b){if(a > b) {a = b; return 1;} return 0;}
template <typename a, typename b> inline bool chmax(a &a, b b){if(a < b) {a = b; return 1;} return 0;}
template <typename a> inline void debug(a a){cout << a << '\n';}
inline int read() {
    char c = getchar(); int x = 0, f = 1;
    while(c < '0' || c > '9') {if(c == '-') f = -1; c = getchar();}
    while(c >= '0' && c <= '9') x = x * 10 + c - '0', c = getchar();
    return x * f;
}
int n, t, fa[maxn], d[maxn], pp[maxn], qq[maxn], lim[maxn], siz[maxn], sum, vis[maxn], mx, root, f[maxn], st[maxn], top, cnt;
vector<int> v[maxn];
void dfs(int x) {
    d[x] += d[fa[x]]; siz[x] = 1;
    for(int i = 0; i < v[x].size(); i++) {
        int to = v[x][i]; if(to == fa[x]) continue;
        dfs(to); siz[x] += siz[to];
    }
}
void find(int x) {
    //printf("%d\n", x);
    int mx = 0; siz[x] = 1;
    for(int i = 0; i < v[x].size(); i++) {
        int to = v[x][i]; if(to == fa[x] || vis[to]) continue;
        find(to); siz[x] += siz[to];
        chmax(mx, siz[to]); 
    }
    chmax(mx, sum - siz[x]);
    if(mx < mx && siz[x] > 1) mx = mx, root = x;
}
struct node {
    int id, dis;
    bool operator < (const node &rhs) const {
        return dis > rhs.dis;
    }
}a[maxn];
void dfs2(int x) {
    a[++cnt].id = x;
    a[cnt] = (node) {x, d[x] - lim[x]};
    for(int i = 0; i < v[x].size(); i++) {
        int to = v[x][i]; if(to == fa[x] || vis[to]) continue;
        dfs2(to);
    }
}
int y(int x) {
    return f[x];
}
int x(int x) {
    return d[x];
}
double slope(int x, int y) {
    return (double) (y(y) - y(x)) / (x(y) - x(x));
} 
void insert(int x) {
    while(top > 1 && slope(st[top], x) > slope(st[top - 1], st[top])) top--;
    st[++top] = x;
}
int search(double x, int id) {
    if(!top) return inf;
    int l = 1, r = top - 1, ans = 1;
    while(l <= r) {
        int mid = l + r >> 1;
        if((slope(st[mid], st[mid + 1]) >= x)) ans = mid + 1, l = mid + 1;
        else r = mid - 1;
    }
    return f[st[ans]] - d[st[ans]] * pp[id];
}
void solve(int x, int tot, int up) {
    vector<int> pot;
    for(int t = x; t != up; t = fa[t]) 
        pot.push_back(t);
    cnt = 0; 
    for(int i = 0; i < v[x].size(); i++) {
        int to = v[x][i]; if(to == fa[x]) continue;
        dfs2(to);//dep´ó´óµ½´ï𡣬dis´ó´óµ½ð¡
    }
    sort(a + 1, a + cnt + 1);
    int now = 0; top = 0;
    for(int i = 1; i <= cnt; i++) {
        int cur = a[i].id;
        while(now <= pot.size() - 1 && d[pot[now]] >= a[i].dis) insert(pot[now++]);
        chmin(f[cur], search(pp[cur], cur) + qq[cur] + d[cur] * pp[cur]);
    }
}
void work(int x, int tot) {
    if(tot == 1) return ;
    root = x; sum = tot; mx = sum; find(root);
    int rt = root;
    for(int i = 0; i < v[rt].size(); i++) {
        int to = v[rt][i]; if(to == fa[rt]) continue;
        vis[to] = 1;
    }
    work(x, tot - siz[root] + 1);
    solve(rt, tot, fa[x]);
    for(int i = 0; i < v[rt].size(); i++) {
        int to = v[rt][i]; if(to == fa[rt]) continue;
        work(to, siz[to]);
    }   
}
signed main() {
    //freopen("a.in", "r", stdin);
    n = read(); t = read();
    for(int i = 2; i <= n; i++) {
        fa[i] = read();
        v[fa[i]].push_back(i); v[i].push_back(fa[i]);
        d[i] = read(); pp[i] = read(); qq[i] = read();  lim[i] = read();
    }
    dfs(1);
    memset(f, 0x7f7f7f, sizeof(f)); f[1] = 0;
    work(1, n);
    for(int i = 2; i <= n; i++) cout << f[i] << '\n';
    return 0;
}
/*
7 3
1 2 20 0 3
1 5 10 100 5
2 4 10 10 10
2 9 1 100 10
3 5 20 100 10
4 4 20 0 10
*/