在Ubuntu 11.04 64-bit 系统中安装Oracle 11g r2

在Ubuntu 11.04 64-bit 系统中安装Oracle 11g r2

Install Oracle 11gR2 Ubuntu Linux 11.04 (64-bit)
Version C - update May 31, 2011
Author: Dude

Note: The following instructions work for Oracle 11gR2 11.2.0.1 (x86_64) and have also been tested with an Out-of-Place upgrade to 11.2.0.2. Just select the "ignore all" button at the prerequisite checks. It worked fine, including the Network Configuration and Database Upgrade Assistant.

If you go straight to 11.2.0.2 you may not need to install any 32-bit libraries, but I didn't try it.

Please note that Oracle 11gR2 on Ubuntu Linux is not supported by Oracle.

System setup and Prerequisites
The following assumes a default installation of Ubuntu 11.04, 64-bit, configured with access to the Internet.

You will need Terminal command line and Console access to perform the setup tasks. To open a Terminal on the system console:
Menu Applications => Accessories => Terminal

To enable remote ssh login and root access, type the following commands:
sudo apt-get install openssh-server sudo passwd root

1. Required 64-bit and 32-bit software packages
The best way to install packages is to use the standard debian package manager.
Open a Terminal and enter the following commands to install required packages:
sudo apt-get install libaio1 sudo apt-get install libaio-dev sudo apt-get install unixODBC sudo apt-get install unixODBC-dev sudo apt-get install expat sudo apt-get install sysstat sudo apt-get install libelf-dev sudo apt-get install elfutils sudo apt-get install lsb-cxx sudo apt-get install pdksh sudo sudo apt-get install libstdc++5 sudo sudo apt-get install ia32-libs

The following is not required, but will fix backspace and arrow keys in the vi-editor:
sudo apt-get install vim

2. Utilities and Libraries
The Oracle installation expects certain utilities and libraries in different locations:
sudo ln -s /usr/bin/basename /bin/basename sudo ln -s /usr/bin/awk /bin/awk sudo ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc_nonshared.a /usr/lib64/ sudo ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread_nonshared.a /usr/lib64/ sudo ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6 /usr/lib64/ sudo ln -s /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1 /lib64

3. Kernel Parameters
Oracle requires the following additional kernel parameters:
Create a kernel parameter file: sudo cat - >> /etc/sysctl.d/60-oracle.conf (then cut & paste the following) # Oracle 11gR2 kernel parameters fs.aio-max-nr=1048576 fs.file-max=6815744 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range=9000 65500 net.core.rmem_default=262144 net.core.rmem_max=4194304 net.core.wmem_default=262144 net.core.wmem_max=1048586 kernel.sem=250 32000 100 128 kernel.shmmax=2147483648 (then type Ctrl-d to write the file) Note: kernel.shmmax = max possible value, e.g. size of physical RAM. Verify: sudo cat /etc/sysctl.d/60-oracle.conf Load new kernel parameters: sudo service procps start Verify: sudo sysctl -q fs.aio-max-nr -> fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

4. Oracle Account and Directories
Type the following commands to create necessary Oracle accounts, groups and directories:
sudo groupadd oinstall sudo groupadd dba sudo useradd -m -g oinstall -G dba oracle sudo usermod -s /bin/bash oracle sudo passwd oracle sudo groupadd nobody sudo usermod -g nobody nobody Verify: sudo id oracle -> uid=1001(oracle) gid=1001(oinstall) groups=1001(oinstall),1002(dba)

Modify Oracle account shell limits:
Make a backup of the original file: sudo cp /etc/security/limits.conf /etc/security/limits.conf.original sudo cat - >> /etc/security/limits.conf (then cut & paste the following) #Oracle 11gR2 shell limits: oracle soft nproc 2048 oracle hard nproc 16384 oracle soft nofile 1024 oracle hard nofile 65536 (then type Ctrl-d to write the file) Verify: sudo cat /etc/security/limits.conf

Use an editor like vi or gedit and add the following to /etc/profile:
if [ "$USER" = oracle ]; then if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then ulimit -p 16384 ulimit -n 65536 else ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536 fi fi

Create Oracle Directories, i.e.: /u01/app for Oracle software and /u02/oradata for database files:
sudo mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle sudo mkdir -p /u01/app/oraInventory sudo mkdir -p /u02/oradata sudo chown oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle sudo chown oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oraInventory sudo chown oracle:oinstall /u02/oradata sudo chmod 750 /u01/app/oracle sudo chmod 750 /u01/app/oraInventory sudo chmod 750 /u02/oradata

Oracle Installation
For convenience, you might want to allow the Oracle user to use the "sudo" command. Enter the following at the command prompt:
usermod -G admin oracle

1. Mount Oracle Installation DVD
Automount does not mount CD/DVD media with execute privileges.

You can mount the Oracle installation media by typing:
sudo mount -o loop,norock /dev/cdrom /media
Or, if you prefer a permament and more convenient solution:
sudo apt-get install autofs Find the following line in /etc/auto.misc: cd -fstype=iso9660,ro,nosuid,nodev :/dev/cdrom and add "exec" so it look like: cd -fstype=iso9660,ro,nosuid,nodev,exec :/dev/cdrom

2. Oracle Universal Installer (OUI)
The Oracle Universal Installer (OUI) requires X-windows. There are two fundamentally different ways to open a GUI application:

- Remote Session
- Server Console

VNC/Remote Desktop:
- Shares the screen of the Server Console.
- Applications are using the X-server on the server.

SSH with X-forwarding:
- Applications use the the X-server running on your client's desktop.

In order to use SSH with X-Forwarding you will need to install a X-server on your workstation. You will find several commerical and free X11 software packages available. Some provide complex services. If you have to deal with MS-Windows you might find mobaxterm useful, which installs a single stand-alone application. It is available for free from Apple Mac users can install Apple's X11, which is included on the standard OS installation DVD. As of Mac OSX Snow Leopard (10.6), Xterm is integrated with the standard Terminal application.

Using SSH with X-Forwarding:
ssh -X oracle@your_server_ip_address

The advantage of SSH is that network communication is encrypted and your Firewall will only need TCP port 22 open and it should also work with Network Address Translation (NAT), which is typical for private network configurations. SSH with X-Forwarding will automatically set appropriate environment variables - you should not set the DISPLAY variables manually. You also do not have to configure X-server access control. On the contrary, when you use the server console to display a GUI application other than user root, you can use the "xhost +" command as root to disable X-server access control.

You can also use VNC using an SSH tunnel:
ssh -A -L 5902:localhost:5902 oracle@your_server_ip_address Then open a VNC session to localhost:5902.
Please check the Internet for information about how to setup VNC Server and where to obtain VNC client software.

To start the Oracle Installer:
/media/runInstaller
The installer might take several seconds to appear at your desktop.

Note: Select the "Ignore All" button at the Prerequisite Checks dialog.

You can source execute Oracle's oraenv utility to set your shell environment variables after the installation:
. /usr/local/bin/oraenv

Regards and best of luck.

Edited by: Dude on May 17, 2011: Added note about 11.2.0.2, various changes.

Edited by: Dude on May 25, 2011: Add oracle account to admin group instead of /etc/sudoers.

Edited by: Dude on May 31, 2011: Removed step to add software repository for ia32-libs.
It's not needed and causing subsequent update issues. I.e. Flashplugin.

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