欢迎您访问程序员文章站本站旨在为大家提供分享程序员计算机编程知识!
您现在的位置是: 首页  >  IT编程

SQL Server储过程加密和解密原理深入分析

程序员文章站 2022-05-18 08:25:46
开始: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 在...
开始
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
在网络上,看到有sql server 2000和sql server 2005 的存储过程加密和解密的方法,后来分析了其中的代码,发现它们的原理都是一样的。后来自己根据实际的应用环境,编写了两个存储过程,一个加密存储过程(sp_encryptobject),和一个解密存储过程(sp_encryptobject),它们可以应用于sql server中的储过程,函数,视图,以及触发器。
感觉这两个存储过程蛮有意思的,拿来与大家分享;如果你看过类似的,就当作重温一下也好。
用于加密的存储过程 (sp_encryptobject) :
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
存储过程(sp_encryptobject)加密的方法是在存储过程,函数,视图的“as”位置前加上“with encryption”;如果是触发器,就在“for”位置前加“with encryption”。
如果触发器是{ after | instead of} 需要修改下面代码"for"位置:
复制代码 代码如下:

if objectproperty(object_id(@object),'execisaftertrigger')=0 set @replace='as' ; else set @replace='for ';

存储过程完成代码:
复制代码 代码如下:

use master
go
if object_id('[sp_encryptobject]') is not null
drop procedure [sp_encryptobject]
go
create procedure sp_encryptobject
(
@object sysname='all'
)
as
/*
当@object=all的时候,对所有的函数,存储过程,视图和触发器进行加密
调用方法:
. execute sp_encryptobject 'all'
. execute sp_encryptobject 'objectname'
*/
begin
set nocount on
if @object <>'all'
begin
if not exists(select 1 from sys.objects a where a.object_id=object_id(@object) and a.type in('p','v','tr','fn','if','tf'))
begin
--sql server 2008
raiserror 50001 n'无效的加密对象!加密对象必须是函数,存储过程,视图或触发器。'
--sql server 2012
--throw 50001, n'无效的加密对象!加密对象必须是函数,存储过程,视图或触发器。',1
return
end
if exists(select 1 from sys.sql_modules a where a.object_id=object_id(@object) and a.definition is null)
begin
--sql server 2008
raiserror 50001 n'对象已经加密!'
--sql server 2012
--throw 50001, n'对象已经加密!',1
return
end
end
declare @sql nvarchar(max),@c1 nchar(1),@c2 nchar(1),@type nvarchar(50),@replace nvarchar(50)
set @c1=nchar(13)
set @c2=nchar(10)
declare cur_object
cursor for
select object_name(a.object_id) as objectname,a.definition
from sys.sql_modules a
inner join sys.objects b on b.object_id=a.object_id
and b.is_ms_shipped=0
and not exists(select 1
from sys.extended_properties x
where x.major_id=b.object_id
and x.minor_id=0
and x.class=1
and x.name='microsoft_database_tools_support'
)
where b.type in('p','v','tr','fn','if','tf')
and (b.name=@object or @object='all')
and b.name <>'sp_encryptobject'
and a.definition is not null
order by case
when b.type ='v' then 1
when b.type ='tr' then 2
when b.type in('fn','if','tf') then 3
else 4 end,b.create_date,b.object_id
open cur_object
fetch next from cur_object into @object,@sql
while @@fetch_status=0
begin
begin try
if objectproperty(object_id(@object),'execisaftertrigger')=0 set @replace='as' ; else set @replace='for ';
if (patindex('%'+@c1+@c2+@replace+@c1+@c2+'%',@sql)>0)
begin
set @sql=replace(@sql,@c1+@c2+@replace+@c1+@c2,@c1+@c2+'with encryption'+@c1+@c2+@replace+@c1+@c2)
end
else if(patindex('%'+@c1+@replace+@c1+'%',@sql)>0)
begin
set @sql=replace(@sql,@c1+@replace+@c1,@c1+'with encryption'+@c1+@replace+@c1)
end
else if(patindex('%'+@c2+@replace+@c2+'%',@sql)>0)
begin
set @sql=replace(@sql,@c2+@replace+@c2,@c2+'with encryption'+@c2+@replace+@c2)
end
else if(patindex('%'+@c2+@replace+@c1+'%',@sql)>0)
begin
set @sql=replace(@sql,@c2+@replace+@c1,@c1+'with encryption'+@c2+@replace+@c1)
end
else if(patindex('%'+@c1+@c2+@replace+'%',@sql)>0)
begin
set @sql=replace(@sql,@c1+@c2+@replace,@c1+@c2+'with encryption'+@c1+@c2+@replace)
end
else if(patindex('%'+@c1+@replace+'%',@sql)>0)
begin
set @sql=replace(@sql,@c1+@replace,@c1+'with encryption'+@c1+@replace)
end
else if(patindex('%'+@c2+@replace+'%',@sql)>0)
begin
set @sql=replace(@sql,@c2+@replace,@c2+'with encryption'+@c2+@replace)
end
set @type =
case
when object_id(@object,'p')>0 then 'proc'
when object_id(@object,'v')>0 then 'view'
when object_id(@object,'tr')>0 then 'trigger'
when object_id(@object,'fn')>0 or object_id(@object,'if')>0 or object_id(@object,'tf')>0 then 'function'
end
set @sql=replace(@sql,'create '+@type,'alter '+@type)
begin transaction
exec(@sql)
print n'已完成加密对象('+@type+'):'+@object
commit transaction
end try
begin catch
declare @error nvarchar(2047)
set @error='object: '+@object+@c1+@c2+'error: '+error_message()
rollback transaction
print @error
print @sql
end catch
fetch next from cur_object into @object,@sql
end
close cur_object
deallocate cur_object
end
go
exec sp_ms_marksystemobject 'sp_encryptobject' --标识为系统对象
go

如果sql server 2012,请修改下面两个位置的代码。在sql server 2012,建议在使用throw来代替raiserror。
SQL Server储过程加密和解密原理深入分析 
解密方法
解密过程,最重要采用异或方法:
[字符1]经过函数 fn_x(x)加密变成[加密后字符1],如果我们已知[加密后字符1],反过来查[字符1],可以这样:
[字符1] = [字符2] ^ fn_x([字符2]) ^ [加密后字符1]
这里我列举一个简单的例子:
复制代码 代码如下:

--创建加密函数(fn_x)
if object_id('fn_x') is not null drop function fn_x
go
create function fn_x
(
@x nchar(1)
)returns nchar(1)
as
begin
return(nchar((65535-unicode(@x))))
end
go
declare @nchar_1_encrypt nchar(1),@nchar_2 nchar(1)
--对字符'a'进行加密,存入变量@nchar_1_encrypt
set @nchar_1_encrypt=dbo.fn_x(n'a')
--參考的字符@nchar_2
set @nchar_2='x'
--算出@nchar_1_encrypt 加密前的字符
select nchar(unicode(@nchar_2)^unicode(dbo.fn_x(@nchar_2))^unicode(@nchar_1_encrypt)) as [@nchar_1]
/*
@nchar_1
--------------------
a
*/

[注]: 从sql server 2000至 sql server 2012 采用异或方法都可以解密
用于解密的存储过程(sp_decryptobject):
复制代码 代码如下:

use master
go
if object_id('[sp_decryptobject]') is not null
drop procedure [sp_decryptobject]
go
create procedure sp_decryptobject
(
@object sysname, --要解密的对象名:函数,存储过程,视图或触发器
@maxlength int=4000 --评估内容的长度
)
as
set nocount on
/* 1. 解密 */
if not exists(select 1 from sys.objects a where a.object_id=object_id(@object) and a.type in('p','v','tr','fn','if','tf'))
begin
--sql server 2008
raiserror 50001 n'无效的对象!要解密的对象必须是函数,存储过程,视图或触发器。'
--sql server 2012
--throw 50001, n'无效的对象!要解密的对象必须是函数,存储过程,视图或触发器。',1
return
end
if exists(select 1 from sys.sql_modules a where a.object_id=object_id(@object) and a.definition is not null)
begin
--sql server 2008
raiserror 50001 n'对象没有加密!'
--sql server 2012
--throw 50001, n'无效的对象!要解密的对象必须是函数,存储过程,视图或触发器。',1
return
end
declare @sql nvarchar(max) --解密出来的sql语句
,@imageval nvarchar(max) --加密字符串
,@tmpstr nvarchar(max) --临时sql语句
,@tmpstr_imageval nvarchar(max) --临时sql语句(加密后)
,@type char(2) --对象类型('p','v','tr','fn','if','tf')
,@objectid int --对象id
,@i int --while循环使用
,@oject1 nvarchar(1000)
set @objectid=object_id(@object)
set @type=(select a.type from sys.objects a where a.object_id=@objectid)
declare @space4000 nchar(4000)
set @space4000=replicate('-',4000)
/*
@tmpstr 会构造下面的sql语句
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
alter trigger tr_name on table_name with encryption for update as return /**/
alter proc proc_name with encryption as select 1 as col /**/
alter view view_name with encryption as select 1 as col /**/
alter function fn_name() returns int with encryption as begin return(0) end/**/
*/
set @oject1=quotename(object_schema_name(@objectid))+'.'+quotename(@object)
set @tmpstr=
case
when @type ='p ' then n'alter procedure '+@oject1+' with encryption as select 1 as column1 '
when @type ='v ' then n'alter view '+@oject1+' with encryption as select 1 as column1 '
when @type ='fn' then n'alter function '+@oject1+'() returns int with encryption as begin return(0) end '
when @type ='if' then n'alter function '+@oject1+'() returns table with encryption as return(select a.name from sys.types a) '
when @type ='tf' then n'alter function '+@oject1+'() returns @t table(name nvarchar(50)) with encryption as begin return end '
else 'alter trigger '+@oject1+'on '+quotename(object_schema_name(@objectid))+'.'+(select top(1) quotename(object_name(parent_id)) from sys.triggers a where a.object_id=@objectid)+' with encryption for update as return '
end
set @tmpstr=@tmpstr+'/*'+@space4000
set @i=0
while @i < (ceiling(@maxlength*1.0/4000)-1)
begin
set @tmpstr=@tmpstr+ @space4000
set @i=@i+1
end
set @tmpstr=@tmpstr+'*/'
------------
set @imageval =(select top(1) a.imageval from sys.sysobjvalues a where a.objid=@objectid and a.valclass=1)
begin tran
exec(@tmpstr)
set @tmpstr_imageval =(select top(1) a.imageval from sys.sysobjvalues a where a.objid=@objectid and a.valclass=1)
rollback tran
-------------
set @tmpstr=stuff(@tmpstr,1,5,'create')
set @sql=''
set @i=1
while @i<= (datalength(@imageval)/2)
begin
set @sql=@sql+isnull(nchar(unicode(substring(@tmpstr,@i,1)) ^ unicode(substring(@tmpstr_imageval,@i,1))^unicode(substring(@imageval,@i,1)) ),'')
set @i+=1
end
/* 2. 列印 */
declare @patindex int
while @sql>''
begin
set @patindex=patindex('%'+char(13)+char(10)+'%',@sql)
if @patindex >0
begin
print substring(@sql,1,@patindex-1)
set @sql=stuff(@sql,1,@patindex+1,'')
end
else
begin
set @patindex=patindex('%'+char(13)+'%',@sql)
if @patindex >0
begin
print substring(@sql,1,@patindex-1)
set @sql=stuff(@sql,1,@patindex,'')
end
else
begin
set @patindex=patindex('%'+char(10)+'%',@sql)
if @patindex >0
begin
print substring(@sql,1,@patindex-1)
set @sql=stuff(@sql,1,@patindex,'')
end
else
begin
print @sql
set @sql=''
end
end
end
end
go
exec sp_ms_marksystemobject 'sp_decryptobject' --标识为系统对象
go

如果sql server 2012,请修改下面两个位置的代码。方法类似于前面的加密过程:
SQL Server储过程加密和解密原理深入分析
搭建测试环境
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
在一个测试环境中(db: test),先执行上面的加密存储过程(sp_encryptobject)和解密存储过程(sp_encryptobject);再创建两个表:tablea & tableb
复制代码 代码如下:

use test
go
--创建表: tablea & tableb
if object_id('mytablea') is not null drop table mytablea
if object_id('mytableb') is not null drop table mytableb
go
create table mytablea (id int identity,data nvarchar(50),constraint pk_mytablea primary key(id))
create table mytableb (id int ,data nvarchar(50),constraint pk_mytableb primary key(id))
go

接下来,我们要创建6个未加密的对象(对象类型包含 'p','v','tr','fn','if','tf'):
1.视图(myview):
复制代码 代码如下:

if object_id('myview') is not null drop view myview
go
create view myview
as
select * from tablea;
go

2.触发器(mytrigger):
复制代码 代码如下:

if object_id('mytrigger') is not null drop trigger mytrigger
go
create trigger mytrigger
on tablea
for update
as
insert into tableb(id,data) select a.id,a.data from inserted a
go

3.存储过程(myproc):
复制代码 代码如下:

if object_id('myproc') is not null drop proc myproc
go
create proc myproc
(
@data nvarchar(50)
)
as
insert into tablea(data) values(@data)
go

4.用户定义表值函数(tf)(myfunction_tf):
复制代码 代码如下:

if object_id('myfunction_tf') is not null drop function myfunction_tf
go
create function myfunction_tf
(
)
returns @t table
(
id int,
data nvarchar(50)
)
as
begin
insert @t(id,data) select id,data from tablea
return
end
go

5.内联表值函数(if) (myfunction_if):
复制代码 代码如下:

if object_id('myfunction_if') is not null drop function myfunction_if
go
create function myfunction_if
(
)
returns table
as
return(select top(3) id, data from tablea order by id desc)
go

6.标量函数(fn)(myfunction_fn):
复制代码 代码如下:

if object_id('myfunction_fn') is not null drop function myfunction_fn
go
create function myfunction_fn
(
)
returns nvarchar(50)
as
begin
return(select top(1) data from tablea order by id desc)
end
go

当执行完了上面的1-6步骤的脚本,我们通过查询系统视图sys.sql_modules,可以看到未加密前的定义信息:
复制代码 代码如下:

select b.name as object,b.type,a.definition
from sys.sql_modules a
inner join sys.objects b on b.object_id=a.object_id
where b.create_date>=convert(date,getdate())
order by b.object_id

SQL Server储过程加密和解密原理深入分析 
加密测试
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
下面我就通过调用加密存储过程(sp_encryptobject),一次性对它们进行加密:
复制代码 代码如下:

use test
go
exec sp_encryptobject 'all'
go

SQL Server储过程加密和解密原理深入分析 

当我们再查回系统视图sys.sql_modules,会发现definition列返回的是null值,说明定义内容已经给加密:

SQL Server储过程加密和解密原理深入分析


解密测试
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
解密过程,必须在dac连接sql server,我们这里例子是从 ssms(sql server management studio) 查询编辑器启动 dac,如图:
SQL Server储过程加密和解密原理深入分析 
解密存储过程(sp_decryptobject),只能一次对一个存储过程、函数、视图或触发器,进行解密:
复制代码 代码如下:

use test
go
exec sp_decryptobject mytrigger
go

SQL Server储过程加密和解密原理深入分析 
当定义内容长度超过4000,我们可以指定@maxlength的值,如:
复制代码 代码如下:

exec sp_decryptobject fn_my,20000
go

这里(fn_my)是一个函数,定义内容超过了8000: 

SQL Server储过程加密和解密原理深入分析

... ...

SQL Server储过程加密和解密原理深入分析

 
小结
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
虽然,上面的脚本,我已经在sql server 2008 r2 和sql server 2012测试过,但无法避免一些未知错误 。如果你自己在测试上面的脚本,请不要在生产环境上。如果你在应用过程,碰到有什么问题或有什么意见和建议可以发email联系我或跟帖,在此非常感谢!