PHP取模hash和一致性hash操作Memcached分布式集群

1.开启4个Memcached服务模拟集群

/usr/local/memcached/bin/memcached -d -p 11211 -u memcached -vv >> /var/log/memcached.11211.log 2>&1
/usr/local/memcached/bin/memcached -d -p 11212 -u memcached -vv >> /var/log/memcached.11212.log 2>&1
/usr/local/memcached/bin/memcached -d -p 11213 -u memcached -vv >> /var/log/memcached.11213.log 2>&1
/usr/local/memcached/bin/memcached -d -p 11214 -u memcached -vv >> /var/log/memcached.11214.log 2>&1

2.取模hash算法

php代码

<?php
/**
 * Created by PhpStorm.
 * User: jmsite.cn
 * Date: 2019/1/28
 * Time: 11:38
 */
$memcached = new Memcached();
//设置算法为取模hash
$memcached->setOptions(
    array(
        Memcached::OPT_DISTRIBUTION         => Memcached::DISTRIBUTION_MODULA,
        //Memcached::OPT_LIBKETAMA_COMPATIBLE => true,
        Memcached::OPT_REMOVE_FAILED_SERVERS=> true,
    )
);
//添加服务器
$memcached->addServer('192.168.75.132', '11211');
$memcached->addServer('192.168.75.132', '11212');
$memcached->addServer('192.168.75.132', '11213');
$memcached->addServer('192.168.75.132', '11214');
//写入12个key
for ($i =1;$i <= 12;$i++){
    $memcached->set('key_'.$i, 'value_'.$i);
}

执行上述代码，查看log

#memcached.11211.log
<28 new auto-negotiating client connection
28: Client using the ascii protocol
<28 set key_2 0 0 7
>28 STORED
<28 set key_3 0 0 7
>28 STORED
<28 set key_4 0 0 7
>28 STORED
<28 set key_10 0 0 8
>28 STORED
<28 quit
<28 connection closed.
#memcached.11212.log
<28 new auto-negotiating client connection
28: Client using the ascii protocol
<28 set key_1 0 0 7
>28 STORED
<28 set key_6 0 0 7
>28 STORED
<28 set key_9 0 0 7
>28 STORED
<28 set key_12 0 0 8
>28 STORED
<28 quit
<28 connection closed.
#memcached.11213.log
<28 new auto-negotiating client connection
28: Client using the ascii protocol
<28 set key_7 0 0 7
>28 STORED
<28 set key_8 0 0 7
>28 STORED
<28 quit
<28 connection closed.
#memcached.11214.log
<28 new auto-negotiating client connection
28: Client using the ascii protocol
<28 set key_5 0 0 7
>28 STORED
<28 set key_11 0 0 8
>28 STORED
<28 quit
<28 connection closed.

查看key的分布

注释掉php代码中的11214//$memcached->addServer('192.168.75.132', '11214');
再次执行php代码
查看key的分布

对比两次key的分布：

key_2和key_10命中没有变动，始终在11211中，其他10个key因为服务器的减少命中发生变化

3.一致性hash算法

php代码

<?php
/**
 * Created by PhpStorm.
 * User: jmsite.cn
 * Date: 2019/1/28
 * Time: 11:38
 */
$memcached = new Memcached();
//设置算法为一致性hash
$memcached->setOptions(
    array(
        Memcached::OPT_DISTRIBUTION         => Memcached::DISTRIBUTION_CONSISTENT,
        Memcached::OPT_LIBKETAMA_COMPATIBLE => true,
        Memcached::OPT_REMOVE_FAILED_SERVERS=> true,
    )
);
//添加服务器
$memcached->addServer('192.168.75.132', '11211');
$memcached->addServer('192.168.75.132', '11212');
$memcached->addServer('192.168.75.132', '11213');
$memcached->addServer('192.168.75.132', '11214');
//写入12个key
for ($i =1;$i <= 12;$i++){
    $ret = $memcached->set('key_'.$i, 'value_'.$i);
}

执行上述代码，查看log

查看key的分布

注释掉php代码中的11214//$memcached->addServer('192.168.75.132', '11214');
再次执行php代码
查看key的分布

对比两次key的分布：

11211原有的key命中没有发生变化，新增了key_4

11212原有的key命中没有发生变化

11213原有的key命中没有发生变化，新增了key_12

有2个key因为服务器的减少命中发生变化

4.对比

取模hash算法减少一台服务器有10个key命中发生了变化。

一致性hash算法减少一台服务器2个key命中发生了变化。

这里只测试了12个key，模拟的数据量太小导致key分布不均匀，但服务器减少导致key命中发生变化和模拟数据量大小无关，而是和hash算法有关，这些测试体现了一致性hash算法的优势，取模hash因为服务器的减少导致大量key的取模结果发生变化，命中的服务器也发生了变化；而一致性hash算法key是固定在一个有2^32-1个节点的hash环上，服务器减少key在hash环上的位置不会发生变化，仅仅影响减少的那台服务器上key的命中，增加服务器也仅仅影响hash环上下一个位置服务器的部分key而已

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