PHP之数组学习_php技巧

今天学习了数组，可以说是PHP的数据应用中较重要的一种方式。PHP的数组函数众多，下面是我学习的小结，借此记之，便于以后鉴之……
　　一、数组定义：
　　数组的定义使用 array（）方式定义，可以定义空数组：

$number = array(1,3,5,7,9);
//定义空数组
$result = array();
$color =array("red","blue","green");
//自定义键值
$language = (1=>"English",3=>"Chinese",5=>"Franch");
//定义二维数组
$two = array(
"color"=>array("red","blue"), //用逗号结尾
"week"=>array("Monday","Friday") //最后一句没有标点
)；
?>

二、创建数组：
　　创建数组包含的函数有compact()、
　　　　1.compact()函数——将一个或多个变量（包含数组）转换为数组：
　　　　　　array compact ( mixed $varname [, mixed $... ] )　　

$number = "1,3,5,7,9";
$string = "I'm PHPer";
$array = array("And","You?");
$newArray = compact("number","string","array");
print_r ($newArray);
?>

compact()函数用于将两个或多个变量转换为数组，当然也包含数组变量。其参数是变量的名称而非带有$全名。
　　　　　　相反的函数是extract()作用顾名思义就是将数组转换为单个的字符串，键值作为其字符串名称，数组值作为字符串的值。
　　　　　　运行结果:

Array ( [number] => 1,3,5,7,9 [string] => I'm PHPer [array] => Array ( [0] => And [1] => You? ) )

2.array_combine()——将两个数组重组成一个数组,一个作键值一个做的值：
　　　　　　array array_combine ( array $keys , array $values )

$number = array("1","3","5","7","9");
$array = array("I","Am","A","PHP","er");
$newArray = array_combine($number,$array);
print_r ($newArray);
?>

array_combine函数不多说了，谁看了都明白
　　　　　　运行结果：

Array ( [1] => I [3] => Am [5] => A [7] => PHP [9] => er )
　　　　3.range()函数——创建指定范围的数组：
　　　　　　　不多说了，直接上实例——

$array1 = range(0,100,10);//0为起始值，100为结束值，10为步进值(默认步进值为1).
print_r($array1);
echo"
";
$array2 = range("A","Z");
print_r($array2);
echo "
";
$array3 = range("z","a");
print_r($array3);
?>

range()函数的默认步进值是1！
　　　　　　运行结果：

Array ( [0] => 0 [1] => 10 [2] => 20 [3] => 30 [4] => 40 [5] => 50 [6] => 60 [7] => 70 [8] => 80 [9] => 90 [10] => 100 )
Array ( [0] => A [1] => B [2] => C [3] => D [4] => E [5] => F [6] => G [7] => H [8] => I [9] => J [10] => K [11] => L [12] => M [13] => N [14] => O [15] => P [16] => Q [17] => R [18] => S [19] => T [20] => U [21] => V [22] => W [23] => X [24] => Y [25] => Z )
Array ( [0] => z [1] => y [2] => x [3] => w [4] => v [5] => u [6] => t [7] => s [8] => r [9] => q [10] => p [11] => o [12] => n [13] => m [14] => l [15] => k [16] => j [17] => i [18] => h [19] => g [20] => f [21] => e [22] => d [23] => c [24] => b [25] => a )

4.array_fill()函数——填充数组函数：

$array = range(1,10);
$fillarray = range("a","d");
$arrayFilled = array_fill(0,5,$fillarray);//这里的$fillarray可以是字符串，如"test".
echo "

"; 
print_r ($arrayFilled); 
echo "

";
$keys = array("string","2",9,"SDK","PK");
$array2 = array_fill_keys($keys,"testing");
echo "

"; 
print_r ($array2); 
echo "

";
?>

运行结果：

Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[0] => a
[1] => b
[2] => c
[3] => d
)
[1] => Array
(
[0] => a
[1] => b
[2] => c
[3] => d
)
[2] => Array
(
[0] => a
[1] => b
[2] => c
[3] => d
)
[3] => Array
(
[0] => a
[1] => b
[2] => c
[3] => d
)
[4] => Array
(
[0] => a
[1] => b
[2] => c
[3] => d
)
)
Array
(
[string] => testing
[2] => testing
[9] => testing
[SDK] => testing
[PK] => testing
)

二、数组的遍历：
　　　　1.foreach遍历：
　　　　　　　foreach (array_expression as $value){}
　　　　　　　foreach (array_expression as $key => $value){}
　　　　　　闲话少说，上实例：

$speed = array(50,120,180,240,380);
foreach($speed as $keys=>$values){
echo $keys."=>".$values."
";
}
?>

运行结果：

0=>50
1=>120
2=>180
3=>240
4=>380

2.while循环遍历：
　　　　　　while循环遍历一般结合list函数，以下是实例

$staff = array(
array("姓名","性别","年龄"),
array("小张","男",24),
array("小王","女",25),
array("小李","男",23)
);
echo "";
while(list($keys,$value) = each($staff)){
list($name,$sex,$age) = $value;
echo "";
}
echo "

$name

$sex

$age

";
?>

运行结果：

姓名	性别	年龄
小张	男	24
小王	女	25
小李	男	23

3.for循环遍历：

$speed = range(0,220,20);
for($i =0;$iecho $speed[$i]." ";
}
?>

运行结果：

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220