Python基于pylab库完成画线功能实例详解
本文实例讲述了Python使用pylab库实现画线功能的方法。分享给大家供大家参考,具体如下:
pylab 提供了比较强大的画图功能,但是函数和参数都比较多,很容易搞混。我们平常使用最多的应该是画线了。下面,简单的对一些常用的划线函数进行了封装,方便使用。
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import pylab import random class MiniPlotTool : ''' A mini tool to draw lines using pylab ''' basecolors = ['red','green','yellow','blue','black','cyan','magenta'] def __init__(self, baseConfig) : self.figsize = baseConfig.get('figsize',None) self.axis = baseConfig.get('axis',None) self.title = baseConfig.get('title','NoName') self.ylabel = baseConfig.get('ylabel','NoName') self.grid = baseConfig.get('grid',False) self.xaxis_locator = baseConfig.get('xaxis_locator',None) self.yaxis_locator = baseConfig.get('yaxis_locator',None) self.legend_loc = baseConfig.get('legend_loc',0) if self.figsize != None : pylab.figure(figsize = self.figsize) if self.axis != None : pylab.axis(self.axis) pylab.title(self.title) pylab.ylabel(self.ylabel) ax = pylab.gca() pylab.grid(self.grid) if self.xaxis_locator != None : ax.xaxis.set_major_locator( pylab.MultipleLocator(self.xaxis_locator) ) if self.yaxis_locator != None : ax.yaxis.set_major_locator( pylab.MultipleLocator(self.yaxis_locator) ) self.lineList = [] self.id = 1 def addline(self, lineConf) : self.lineList.append((self.id, lineConf)) self.id += 1 return {'id' : self.id - 1} def removeline(self, lineId) : for i in range(len(self.lineList)) : id, conf = self.lineList[i] if id == lineId : del self.lineList[i] break else : return {'status' : -1} print len(self.lineList) return {'status' : 0} def __parselineConf(self, lineConf) : X = lineConf['X'] Y = lineConf['Y'] marker = lineConf.get('marker',None) color = lineConf.get('color', random.choice(MiniPlotTool.basecolors)) markerfacecolor = lineConf.get('markerfacecolor',color) label = lineConf.get('label','NoName') linewidth = lineConf.get('linewidth',1) linestyle = lineConf.get('linestyle','-') return X, Y, marker, color, markerfacecolor, label, linewidth, linestyle def plotSingleLine(self, lineConf): X, Y, marker, color, markerfacecolor, label, linewidth, linestyle = self.__parselineConf(lineConf) pylab.plot(X, Y, marker = marker, color = color, markerfacecolor = markerfacecolor, label=label, linewidth = linewidth, linestyle = linestyle) pylab.legend(loc = self.legend_loc) def plot(self) : colors = [MiniPlotTool.basecolors[i % len(MiniPlotTool.basecolors)] for i in range(len(self.lineList))] for i in range(len(self.lineList)) : id, conf = self.lineList[i] if conf.get('color',None) : conf['color'] = colors[i] X, Y, marker, color, markerfacecolor, label, linewidth, linestyle = self.__parselineConf(conf) pylab.plot(X, Y, marker = marker, color = color, markerfacecolor = markerfacecolor, label=label, linewidth = linewidth, linestyle = linestyle) pylab.legend(loc = self.legend_loc) def show(self) : pylab.show() if __name__ == '__main__' : #test baseConfig = { #'figsize' : (6,8), #'axis': [0,10,0,10], #'title' : 'hello title', #'ylabel' : 'hello ylabel', 'grid' : True, #'xaxis_locator' : 0.5, #'yaxis_locator' : 1, #'legend_loc' : 'upper right' } tool = MiniPlotTool(baseConfig) X = [ i for i in range(10)] Y = [random.randint(1,10) for i in range(10)] Y2 = [random.randint(1,10) for i in range(10)] lineConf = { 'X' : X, 'Y' : Y #'marker' : 'x', #'color' : 'b', #'markerfacecolor' : 'r', #'label' : '222', #'linewidth' : 3, #'linestyle' : '--' } lineConf2 = { 'X' : X, 'Y' : Y2, 'marker' : 'o', 'color' : 'b', 'markerfacecolor' : 'r', 'label' : '222', 'linewidth' : 3, 'linestyle' : '--' } #tool.plotSingleLine(lineConf) print tool.addline(lineConf) print tool.addline(lineConf2) #print tool.removeline(1) tool.plot() tool.show()
运行效果图如下:
附:引用自:https://sites.google.com/site/guyingbo/matplotlib%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0
线属性:
颜色(color 简写为 c):
蓝色: 'b' (blue)
绿色: 'g' (green)
红色: 'r' (red)
蓝绿色(墨绿色): 'c' (cyan)
红紫色(洋红): 'm' (magenta)
黄色: 'y' (yellow)
黑色: 'k' (black)
白色: 'w' (white)
灰度表示: e.g. 0.75 ([0,1]内任意浮点数)
RGB表示法: e.g. '#2F4F4F' 或 (0.18, 0.31, 0.31)
任意合法的html中的颜色表示: e.g. 'red', 'darkslategray'
线型(linestyle 简写为 ls):
实线: '-'
虚线: '--'
虚点线: '-.'
点线: ':'
点: '.'
点型(标记marker):
像素: ','
圆形: 'o'
上三角: '^'
下三角: 'v'
左三角: '<'
右三角: '>'
方形: 's'
加号: '+'
叉形: 'x'
棱形: 'D'
细棱形: 'd'
三脚架朝下: '1'(就是丫)
三脚架朝上: '2'
三脚架朝左: '3'
三脚架朝右: '4'
六角形: 'h'
旋转六角形: 'H'
五角形: 'p'
垂直线: '|'
水平线: '_'
gnuplot 中的steps: 'steps' (只能用于kwarg中)
标记大小(markersize 简写为 ms):
markersize: 实数
标记边缘宽度(markeredgewidth 简写为 mew):
markeredgewidth:实数
标记边缘颜色(markeredgecolor 简写为 mec):
markeredgecolor:颜色选项中的任意值
标记表面颜色(markerfacecolor 简写为 mfc):
markerfacecolor:颜色选项中的任意值
透明度(alpha):
alpha: [0,1]之间的浮点数
线宽(linewidth):
linewidth: 实数
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