线程间的四种通信方式
一、同步
通过Synchronized实现线程间的通信
代码如下:
public class MyObject {
synchronized public void methodA() {
//do something....
}
synchronized public void methodB() {
//do some other thing
}
}
public class ThreadA extends Thread {
private MyObject object;
//省略构造方法
@Override
public void run() {
super.run();
object.methodA();
}
}
public class ThreadB extends Thread {
private MyObject object;
//省略构造方法
@Override
public void run() {
super.run();
object.methodB();
}
}
public class Run {
public static void main(String[] args) {
MyObject object = new MyObject();
//线程A与线程B 持有的是同一个对象:object
ThreadA a = new ThreadA(object);
ThreadB b = new ThreadB(object);
a.start();
b.start();
}
}
由于线程A和线程B持有同一个MyObject类的对象object,尽管这两个线程需要调用不同的方法,但是它们是同步执行的,比如:线程B需要等待线程A执行完了methodA()方法之后,它才能执行methodB()方法。这样,线程A和线程B就实现了 通信。
这种方式,本质上就是“共享内存”式的通信。多个线程需要访问同一个共享变量,谁拿到了锁(获得了访问权限),谁就可以执行。
二、while轮询的方式
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class MyList {
private List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
public void add() {
list.add("elements");
}
public int size() {
return list.size();
}
}
import mylist.MyList;
public class ThreadA extends Thread {
private MyList list;
public ThreadA(MyList list) {
super();
this.list = list;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
list.add();
System.out.println("添加了" + (i + 1) + "个元素");
Thread.sleep(1000);
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
import mylist.MyList;
public class ThreadB extends Thread {
private MyList list;
public ThreadB(MyList list) {
super();
this.list = list;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while (true) {
if (list.size() == 5) {
System.out.println("==5, 线程b准备退出了");
throw new InterruptedException();
}
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
import mylist.MyList;
import extthread.ThreadA;
import extthread.ThreadB;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
MyList service = new MyList();
ThreadA a = new ThreadA(service);
a.setName("A");
a.start();
ThreadB b = new ThreadB(service);
b.setName("B");
b.start();
}
}
线程B通过While循环不断检测(list.size()==5)是否成立,这种方式会浪费处理器资源。因为线程B一直在轮询,而不是当可以执行时,会有通知提醒。
同时,由于线程B每次都取的是本线程的变量,而不是从主内存中取,当线程A的list被更改,线程B就会陷入死循环。
三、notify/wait机制
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class MyList {
private static List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
public static void add() {
list.add("anyString");
}
public static int size() {
return list.size();
}
}
public class ThreadA extends Thread {
private Object lock;
public ThreadA(Object lock) {
super();
this.lock = lock;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
synchronized (lock) {
if (MyList.size() != 5) {
System.out.println("wait begin "
+ System.currentTimeMillis());
lock.wait();
System.out.println("wait end "
+ System.currentTimeMillis());
}
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
public class ThreadB extends Thread {
private Object lock;
public ThreadB(Object lock) {
super();
this.lock = lock;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
synchronized (lock) {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
MyList.add();
if (MyList.size() == 5) {
lock.notify();
System.out.println("已经发出了通知");
}
System.out.println("添加了" + (i + 1) + "个元素!");
Thread.sleep(1000);
}
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
public class Run {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
Object lock = new Object();
ThreadA a = new ThreadA(lock);
a.start();
Thread.sleep(50);
ThreadB b = new ThreadB(lock);
b.start();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
当条件未满足时(list.size() !=5),线程A调用wait() 放弃CPU,并进入阻塞状态。—不像②while轮询那样占用CPU
当条件满足时,线程B调用 notify()通知 线程A,所谓通知线程A,就是唤醒线程A,并让它进入可运行状态。
这种方式的一个好处就是CPU的利用率提高了。
四、管道通信方式
也就是采用java.io.PipedInputStream 和 java.io.PipedOutputStream进行通信。
public class PipleTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
final PipedOutputStream outputStream = new PipedOutputStream();
final PipedInputStream inputStream = new PipedInputStream(outputStream);
Thread thread1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try{
outputStream.write("hello world,pipe!".getBytes());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
try {
outputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
});
Thread thread2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try{
int data = inputStream.read();
while(data != -1) {
System.out.print((char)data);
data = inputStream.read();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
inputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
});
thread1.start();
thread2.start();
}
}
总结:
分布式系统中说的两种通信机制:共享内存机制和消息通信机制。synchronized关键字和while轮询 “属于” 共享内存机制,由于是轮询的条件使用了volatile关键字修饰时,这就表示它们通过判断这个“共享的条件变量“是否改变了,来实现进程间的交流。
参考这篇博客:http://blog.csdn.net/alexlee1986/article/details/21227417
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