Leetcode No.4 Median of Two Sorted Arrays
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2022-05-14 20:20:21
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原题:
There are two sorted arrays nums1 and nums2 of size m and n respectively.
Find the median of the two sorted arrays. The overall run time complexity should be O(log (m+n))..
题目大意:给出两个有序的数字列表,长度分别为m,n。找到这两个列表中的中间值。(第一次出现了时间复杂度的要求噢)
Example 1:
nums1 = [1, 3]
nums2 = [2]
The median is 2.0
Example 2:
nums1 = [1, 2]
nums2 = [3, 4]
The median is (2 + 3)/2 = 2.5
Reference solution
仔细分析题目,nums1和nums2都已经是排好序了的,这就大大的降低了难度,让找到两个列表的中间值,其实我们可以拓展为找到两个列表的第k个值。当然这个是拓展部分了,对于这个题目,有不同的思路,最简单粗暴的就是将两个列表合并,之后进行排序,拍好序后进行寻找中间值就简单了。但是用传统的先合并再排序,效率想必会很低~
我们发现对于两个已经有序的列表(从小到大),其实有一个更优的排序方式:从小到大,依次进行列表元素的比较(为方便表述,小詹称两个列表为A,B),较小值放到一个新列表中,比如A中该位置的值较小,将其放到新的列表C中,同时将A列表下一个值继续与B中当前位置元素进行比较,以此类推。
这样的比较次数就比先合并在排序小很多啦!代码如下:
def findMedianSortedArrays(self, nums1, nums2):
"""
:type nums1: List[int]
:type nums2: List[int]
:rtype: float
"""
#创建新列表,并将所有元素初始为0
nums3 = [0] * (len(nums1)+len(nums2))
#指定三个列表的索引,初始值为0
l_i,r_i,i = 0,0,0
#当输入两个列表都还存在元素没进行比较的时候,循环进行对比
#并将较小值放入新列表,同时较小元素的列表和新列表索引加一
while(l_i < len(nums1)) and (r_i < len(nums2)):
if nums1[l_i] < nums2[r_i]:
nums3[i] = nums1[l_i]
l_i += 1
else:
nums3[i] = nums2[r_i]
r_i += 1
i += 1
#当存在某一个列表所有元素已经比较完,即拍好了序
#剩下那个列表剩下的值直接放入新列表对应位置即可
if l_i != len(nums1):
nums3[i:] = nums1[l_i:]
else:
nums3[i:] = nums2[r_i:]
#注意‘/’和‘//’的区别
#前者结果为float类型,后者为整除,结果为int型
len_3 = len(nums3)
#‘%’为取模运算,即看长度是否被2整除,即看偶数还是奇数
if len_3 %2 != 0:
return float(nums3[(len_3-1)//2])
return (nums3[len_3//2 - 1]+nums3[len_3//2])/2
My solution
class Solution:
def findMedianSortedArrays(self, nums1, nums2):
"""
:type nums1: List[int]
:type nums2: List[int]
:rtype: float
"""
# total = [0] * (len(nums1) + len(nums2))
total = []
# count = len(total)
# 冒泡排序法
# for i in range(0, count):
# for j in range(i + 1, count):
# if total[i] > total[j]:
# total[i], total[j] = total[j], total[i]
# # 选择排序
# for i in range(0, count):
# min_index = i
# for j in range(i, count):
# if total[j] < total[min_index]:
# min_index = j
# total[min_index], total[i] = total[i], total[min_index]
# # 插入排序
# for i in range(1, count):
# key = i - 1
# mark = total[i]
# while key >= 0 and total[key] > mark:
# total[key + 1] = total[key]
# key -= 1
# total[key+1] = mark
# # shell排序
# gap = round(count / 2) # 双杠用于整除(向下取整),在python直接用 “/” 得到的永远是浮点数
# while gap >= 1:
# for i in range(gap, count):
# temp = total[i]
# j = i
# temp_two = total[j - gap]
# while j - gap >= 0 and total[j-gap] > temp:
# total[j] = total[j-gap]
# j -= gap
# total[j] = temp
# gap = round(gap / 2)
# # 归并排序
# total = self.merge_sort(total)
# # 快速排序
# total = self.quick_sort(total, 0, count-1)
len_num1 = len(nums1)
len_num2 = len(nums2)
i = j = 0
while i <= len_num1 -1 and j <= len_num2 - 1:
if nums1[i] <= nums2[j]:
total.append(nums1[i])
i += 1
else:
total.append(nums2[j])
j += 1
if i == len_num1:
total += nums2[j:]
else:
total += nums1[i:]
count = len(total)
if (count % 2) == 0:
median = (total[int(count/2)] + total[int(count/2)-1]) / 2
else:
median = total[int(count/2)]
return median
# 归并排序
def merge_sort(self, ary):
if len(ary) <= 1:
return ary
median = int(len(ary)/2)
left = self.merge_sort(ary[:median])
right = self.merge_sort(ary[median:])
return self.merge(left, right)
def merge(self, left, right):
res = []
i = j = k = 0
while(i < len(left) and j < len(right)):
if left[i] < right[j]:
res.append(left[i])
i += 1
else:
res.append(right[j])
j += 1
res = res + left[i:] + right[j:]
return res
def quick_sort(self, total, start, end):
# 快速排序
if start < end:
left = start
right = end
key = total[start]
while (left < right):
while (left < right) and total[right] >= key:
right -= 1
if left < right: # 说明上述while循环打破原因是total[right] <= key
total[left] = total[right]
left += 1
while left < right and total[left] < key:
left += 1
if left < right:
total[right] = total[left]
right -= 1
total[left] = key
self.quick_sort(total, start, left - 1)
self.quick_sort(total, left + 1, end)
return total
上述代码中注销掉的代码是在这个过程实验过的排序算法,可以用,只是为了重新复习排序,又将各大排序算法重新实现了一边,;事实上,只有bubble sort与select sort没能通过时间复杂度,其他算法均能通过只是性能一般。
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