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mysql常用语句(补充中)

程序员文章站 2022-05-12 17:51:50
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1. 登录数据库

本地:

mysql -u root -p

远程:

mysql -h[远程公网IP地址] -u [mysql用户名] -p [mysql密码];

2. 备份

2.1 备份mysql数据库

mysqldump -h[远程公网IP地址] -u[mysql用户名] -p[mysql密码] [数据库名] > [数据库文件名.sql];

2.2 备份mysql数据库,带删除表,即恢复时不需要手动删除原数据库。

mysqldump --add-drop-table -h[远程公网IP地址] -u[mysql用户名] -p[mysql密码] [数据库名] > [数据库文件名.sql];

2.3 同时备份mysql数据库某些表

mysqldump -h[远程公网IP地址] -u[mysql用户名] -p[mysql密码] [数据库名1] [数据表1] [数据表2] [数据表3] > [数据库文件名.sql];

3. 恢复数据库

4. 常用语句

4.1 删除字段
格式:ALTER TABLE 表名 DROP 属性名;

mysql> desc test;
+----------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field          | Type                | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+----------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| create_date    | datetime            | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| modified_date  | datetime            | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| id             | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| user_id        | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| sync_time      | varchar(16)         | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| status         | varchar(16)         | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| first_name     | varchar(64)         | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| last_name      | varchar(64)         | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| shop_id        | bigint(20) unsigned | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
+----------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
mysql> alter table test drop shop_id;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0
mysql> desc test;
+----------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field          | Type                | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+----------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| create_date    | datetime            | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| modified_date  | datetime            | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| id             | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| user_id        | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| sync_time      | varchar(16)         | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| status         | varchar(16)         | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| first_name     | varchar(64)         | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| last_name      | varchar(64)         | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
+----------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

4.2 增加表字段
格式:ALTER TABLE 表名 ADD 属性名;

4.3 获取表结构
格式:

  • describe 表名;
  • desc 表名
  • show columns from 表名;

4.4

5.其他语句

5.1 mysql启动和关闭外键约束的方法
禁用外键约束:

SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0;

打开外键约束:

SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=1;

查看外键约束:

SELECT @@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS; 

5.2 查看所有table的相关信息

SHOW TABLE STATUS;

结果如下:

mysql> show table status where name="user";
+------+--------+---------+------------+-------+----------------+-------------+-----------------+--------------+-----------+----------------+---------------------+-------------+------------+-----------------+----------+----------------+---------+
| Name | Engine | Version | Row_format | Rows  | Avg_row_length | Data_length | Max_data_length | Index_length | Data_free | Auto_increment | Create_time         | Update_time | Check_time | Collation       | Checksum | Create_options | Comment |
+------+--------+---------+------------+-------+----------------+-------------+-----------------+--------------+-----------+----------------+---------------------+-------------+------------+-----------------+----------+----------------+---------+
| user | InnoDB |      10 | Compact    | 11494 |            229 |     2637824 |               0 |       737280 |   9437184 |          11986 | 2017-04-24 10:48:18 | NULL        | NULL       | utf8_unicode_ci |     NULL |                |         |
+------+--------+---------+------------+-------+----------------+-------------+-----------------+--------------+-----------+----------------+---------------------+-------------+------------+-----------------+----------+----------------+---------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

Name(table名)
Auto_increment(当前自增id值)
Create_time(创建时间)

其中,更改Auto_increment可以使用下面的语句

alter table user AUTO_INCREMENT=12345;

将user的自增id值设置为12345

相关标签: sql 外键约束