Vagrant + Virtualbox构建虚拟机
环境:Window7
一、访问Vagrant官网下载对应版本,傻瓜式安装,安装完成后通过vagrant验证是否安装成功;安装路径中不要存在中文字符。成功的话就如下图:
二、 访问VirtualBox官网选择对应系统版本下载安装virtual box,傻瓜式安装;([win10中若出现]安装virtualbox快完成时立即回滚,并提示安装出现严重错误
(1)打开服务
(2)找到Device Install Service和Device Setup Manager,然后启动
(3)再次尝试安装)
三.安装centos7
- 找个位置创建个文件夹,用来存放centos7,并进入其中(目录路径不能有中文字符)
- 在此目录下打开cmd,运行vagrant init centos/7,此时会在此目录下生成一个Vagrantfile文件,可以在Vagrantfile文件修改一些参数,如:虚拟机名称,内存大小,cpu等等;附通用Vagrantfile文件,如下:
# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :
# All Vagrant configuration is done below. The "2" in Vagrant.configure
# configures the configuration version (we support older styles for
# backwards compatibility). Please don't change it unless you know what
# you're doing.
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
# The most common configuration options are documented and commented below.
# For a complete reference, please see the online documentation at
# https://docs.vagrantup.com.
# Every Vagrant development environment requires a box. You can search for
# boxes at https://vagrantcloud.com/search.
config.vm.box = "centos/7" #centos/7的镜像名称,与第4步
# Disable automatic box update checking. If you disable this, then
# boxes will only be checked for updates when the user runs
# `vagrant box outdated`. This is not recommended.
# config.vm.box_check_update = false
# Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
# within the machine from a port on the host machine. In the example below,
# accessing "localhost:8080" will access port 80 on the guest machine.
# NOTE: This will enable public access to the opened port
# config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080
# Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
# within the machine from a port on the host machine and only allow access
# via 127.0.0.1 to disable public access
# config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080, host_ip: "127.0.0.1"
# Create a private network, which allows host-only access to the machine
# using a specific IP.
# config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10"
# Create a public network, which generally matched to bridged network.
# Bridged networks make the machine appear as another physical device on
# your network.
# config.vm.network "public_network"
config.vm.network "public_network" #网络为共享网络
# Share an additional folder to the guest VM. The first argument is
# the path on the host to the actual folder. The second argument is
# the path on the guest to mount the folder. And the optional third
# argument is a set of non-required options.
# config.vm.synced_folder "../data", "/vagrant_data"
# Provider-specific configuration so you can fine-tune various
# backing providers for Vagrant. These expose provider-specific options.
# Example for VirtualBox:
#
# config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
# # Display the VirtualBox GUI when booting the machine
# vb.gui = true
#
# # Customize the amount of memory on the VM:
# vb.memory = "1024"
# end
config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb| #配置内存,虚拟机名称,cpus
vb.memory = "3000"
vb.name= "huang-centos7"
vb.cpus= 2
end
#
# View the documentation for the provider you are using for more
# information on available options.
# Enable provisioning with a shell script. Additional provisioners such as
# Puppet, Chef, Ansible, Salt, and Docker are also available. Please see the
# documentation for more information about their specific syntax and use.
# config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
# apt-get update
# apt-get install -y apache2
# SHELL
end
3.下载centos/7对应得virtualbox.box。这边我提供个百度网盘的下载地址:
centos/7对应得virtualbox.box 提取码:d7y8
4.添加镜像并起名为centos/7 ,运行命令:
vagrant box add centos/7 第3步下载的virtualbox.box文件目录(如:D:\virtualbox.box)
5.查看box列表
vagrant box list --查看本地的box[这时候可以看到centos/7]
6.启动创建虚拟机,同时打开安装好的box查看启动状态
vagrant up
- vagrant常用命令
(1)vagrant ssh
进入刚才创建的centos7中
(2)vagrant status
查看centos7的状态
(3)vagrant halt
停止/关闭centos7
(4)vagrant destroy
删除centos7
(5)vagrant status
查看当前vagrant创建的虚拟机
(6)Vagrantfile中也可以写脚本命令,使得centos7更加丰富
但是要注意,修改了Vagrantfile,要想使正常运行的centos7生效,必须使用vagrant reload
(7) vagrant halt 优雅关闭
vagrant up 正常启动
至此,使用vagrant+virtualbox搭建centos7完成,后面可以修改Vagrantfile对虚拟机进行相应配置
若想通过Xshell连接centos7
1.使用centos7的默认账号连接
在centos文件夹下执行vagrant ssh-config
关注:Hostname Port IdentityFile
IP:127.0.0.1
port:2222
用户名:vagrant
密码:vagrant
文件:Identityfile指向的文件private-key
2.使用root账户登录
vagrant ssh 进入到虚拟机中
sudo -i
vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
修改PasswordAuthentication yes
passwd修改密码,比如abc123
systemctl restart sshd
使用账号root,密码abc123进行登录
最后则能通过xshell连接了
如有转载请请务必保留此出处:https://blog.csdn.net/hometing218/article/details/103814749
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