MySQL多表&JDBC
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2022-05-09 13:14:37
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1、外键
主表:主键。从表:外键。
从表外键类型,必须与主表主键类型一致。
从表外键的值是对主表主键的引用。
注意:
从表外键不能添加主表中不存在的记录;
主表不能删除从表中已经引用的记录。
数据准备:
create table category(
cid varchar(32) primary key,
cname varchar(100)
);
create table product(
pid varchar(32) primary key,
pname varchar(40),
price double,
category_id varchar(32)
);
insert into category(cid,cname) values('c001','家电');
insert into category(cid,cname) values('c002','服饰');
insert into category(cid,cname) values('c003','化妆品');
insert into product(pid,pname,price,category_id) values('p001','联想','5000','c001');
insert into product(pid,pname,price,category_id) values('p002','海尔','5000','c001');
insert into product(pid,pname,price,category_id) values('p003','雷神','5000','c001');
insert into product(pid,pname,price,category_id) values('p004','JACK JONES','800','c002');
insert into product(pid,pname,price,category_id) values('p005','真维斯','200','c002');
insert into product(pid,pname,price,category_id) values('p006','花花公子','440','c002');
insert into product(pid,pname,price,category_id) values('p007','劲霸','2000','c002');
insert into product(pid,pname,price,category_id) values('p008','香奈儿','800','c003');
insert into product(pid,pname,price,category_id) values('p009','相宜本草','200','c003');
添加约束:
alter table product add foreign key(category_id) references category(cid);
2、表和表的关系
一对多:主表和从表;
多对多:两个主表和一个从表。
//订单表
create table orders(
oid varchar(32) primary key,
totalprice double
);
//订单项表
create table orderitem(
oid varchar(50),
pid varchar(50)
);
//联合主键
alter table orderitem add primary key(oid,pid);
//订单表和订单项表的主外键关系
alter table orderitem add constraint orderitem_orders_fk foreign key(oid) references orders(oid);
//订单表和product表的主外键关系
alter table orderitem add constraint orderitem1_product_fk foreign key(pid) references product(pid);
3、查询
3.1、多表查询
内连接:
SELECT * FROM category INNER JOIN product ON cid=category_id;
或者:
SELECT * FROM category c,product p WHERE c.cid = p.category_id;
外连接:
SELECT * FROM category LEFT JOIN product ON cid=category_id;
SELECT * FROM category RIGHT JOIN product ON cid=category_id;
左外连接:左表全部及两个表的交集;
内连接:查询两个表交集;
右外连接:右表全部及两个表的交集。
3.2、子查询
一条select语句结果作为另一条select语法一部分。
SELECT * FROM product WHERE category_id = (SELECT cid FROM category WHERE cname='化妆品');
4、工具类
工具类一
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
public class JDBCUtils_V1 {
/**
* 获取连接方法
* @return
*/
public static Connection getConnection() {
Connection conn = null;
try {
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/web", "root", "******");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return conn;
}
public static void release(Connection conn, PreparedStatement pstmt, ResultSet rs) {
if (rs != null) {
try {
rs.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (pstmt != null) {
try {
pstmt.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (conn != null) {
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
工具类一的使用:
/**
* 根据id查询用户信息
*/
@Test
public void testFindUserById() {
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement pstmt = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
// 1.获取连接
conn = JDBCUtils_V1.getConnection();
// 2.编写sql语句
String sql = "select * from tbl_user where uid=?";
// 3.获取执行sql语句对象
pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
// 4.设置参数
pstmt.setInt(1, 2);
// 5.执行查询操作
rs = pstmt.executeQuery();
// 6.处理结果集
while (rs.next()) {
System.out.println(rs.getString(2) + "----" + rs.getString("upassword"));
}
// 释放资源放在此处行么?【不行滴!】
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 7.释放资源
JDBCUtils_V1.release(conn, pstmt, rs);
}
}
工具类二
新建xx.properties文件:
driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/web?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
username=root
password=****
properties文件建议放在src下,一行一组数据,格式是key=value,value不支持中文。不要加空格。
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.ResourceBundle;
public class JDBCUtils_V2 {
private static String driver;
private static String url;
private static String username;
private static String password;
/**
* 静态代码块加载配置文件信息
*/
static{
ResourceBundle bundle = ResourceBundle.getBundle("xx");
driver = bundle.getString("driver");
url = bundle.getString("url");
username = bundle.getString("username");
password = bundle.getString("password");
}
/**
* 获取连接方法
*
* @return
*/
public static Connection getConnection() {
Connection conn = null;
try {
Class.forName(driver);
conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return conn;
}
public static void release(Connection conn, PreparedStatement pstmt, ResultSet rs) {
if (rs != null) {
try {
rs.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (pstmt != null) {
try {
pstmt.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (conn != null) {
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
使用:
/**
* 添加用户信息方法
*/
@Test
public void testAdd() {
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement pstmt = null;
try {
// 1.获取连接
conn = JDBCUtils_V2.getConnection();
// 2.编写sql语句
String sql = "insert into tbl_user values(null,?,?)";
// 3.获取执行sql语句对象
pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
// 4.设置参数
pstmt.setString(1, "lisi");
pstmt.setString(2, "hehe");
// 5.执行插入操作
int row = pstmt.executeUpdate();
if (row > 0) {
System.out.println("添加成功!");
} else {
System.out.println("添加失败!");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} finally {
// 6.释放资源
JDBCUtils_V2.release(conn, pstmt, null);
}
}
工具类三
进一步对properties文件处理
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.ResourceBundle;
public class JDBCUtils_V3 {
private static String driver;
private static String url;
private static String username;
private static String password;
/**
* 静态代码块加载配置文件信息
*/
static {
try {
// 1.通过当前类获取类加载器
ClassLoader classLoader = JDBCUtils_V3.class.getClassLoader();
// 2.通过类加载器的方法获得一个输入流
InputStream is = classLoader.getResourceAsStream("xx.properties");
// 3.创建一个properties对象
Properties props = new Properties();
// 4.加载输入流
props.load(is);
// 5.获取相关参数的值
driver = props.getProperty("driver");
url = props.getProperty("url");
username = props.getProperty("username");
password = props.getProperty("password");
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 获取连接方法
*
* @return
*/
public static Connection getConnection() {
Connection conn = null;
try {
Class.forName(driver);
conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return conn;
}
public static void release(Connection conn, PreparedStatement pstmt, ResultSet rs) {
if (rs != null) {
try {
rs.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (pstmt != null) {
try {
pstmt.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (conn != null) {
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
使用
/**
* 根据id更新用户信息方法
*/
@Test
public void testUpdateById() {
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement pstmt = null;
try {
// 1.获取连接
conn = JDBCUtils_V3.getConnection();
// 2.编写sql语句
String sql = "update tbl_user set upassword=? where uid=?";
// 3.获取执行sql语句对象
pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
// 4.设置参数
pstmt.setString(1, "999");
pstmt.setInt(2, 3);
// 5.执行更新操作
int row = pstmt.executeUpdate();
if (row > 0) {
System.out.println("更新成功!");
} else {
System.out.println("更新失败!");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} finally {
// 6.释放资源
JDBCUtils_V3.release(conn, pstmt, null);
}
}
/**
* 根据id删除信息方法
*/
@Test
public void testDeleteById() {
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement pstmt = null;
try {
// 1.获取连接
conn = JDBCUtils_V3.getConnection();
// 2.编写sql语句
String sql = "delete from tbl_user where uid=?";
// 3.获取执行sql语句对象
pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
// 4.设置参数
pstmt.setInt(1, 4);
// 5.执行删除操作
int row = pstmt.executeUpdate();
if (row > 0) {
System.out.println("删除成功!");
} else {
System.out.println("删除失败!");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} finally {
// 6.释放资源
JDBCUtils_V3.release(conn, pstmt, null);
}
}
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